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Speaker 0 and Speaker 1 discuss how price dynamics could unfold, including dramatic changes in purchasing power and consumer pricing. They illustrate the idea with a hypothetical hamburger: a $15 hamburger could become a $30 or $50 item, making McDonald’s resemble a fancy restaurant. This example is used to describe massive deflation of the US dollar’s buying power at the same time as inflation in pricing, implying that what you think you earn could translate to substantially less purchasing power—“a third of that in terms of purchasing power.” They note that not all prices will move the same. Some prices rise much faster than others; for instance, a haircut—a local service provided by a barber—may not rise as quickly as goods prices. This creates a disconnect where the cost of goods increases rapidly while service prices lag. The consequence, they say, is a problem for service providers like barbers: income from services might not keep pace with the rising cost of living. Wages could rise, but not as much as the prices of everything people have to buy, leading to financial strain for individuals in those service-based occupations. In closing, Speaker 2 urges thinking long term about family finances and currency exposure, recommending against tying a family’s future to the US dollar. They advocate for investing in gold and silver, precious metals that have sustained value for thousands of years. They frame precious metals as a prudent hedge under the described economic conditions. They provide historical context for gold and silver: since the start of the millennium, silver rose from under $5 per ounce to over $90, and gold rose from under $300 to over $4,600. They claim that gold and silver have performed better than the stock market over that period.

To address inflation, we need to tackle massive deficit spending and government waste. If the economy grows faster than the money supply, meaning we stop government overspending and the output of useful goods and services exceeds the increase in money, we can eliminate inflation. High interest payments are due to the increasing national debt, with the government competing with private citizens to sell debt, driving up interest rates. Cutting back on the deficit leads to the elimination of inflation and lower interest rates. This would reduce mortgage, credit card, car, and student loan payments, making life more affordable and improving the overall standard of living for people.

Including Bitcoin in our strategic reserves makes sense alongside gold and oil. I propose the Bitcoin Act, which would involve purchasing about 200,000 Bitcoin annually by converting existing funds and holding them for 20 years. If we acquire around 1 million Bitcoin, approximately 5% of the total supply, we could potentially reduce our national debt by half in two decades. This strategy allows us to invest in an appreciating asset while the dollar depreciates, ultimately strengthening the US dollar as the world's reserve currency. It serves as a hedge against inflation and reinforces our position on the global stage.

"Keep investing." "Try to figure out ways that you can keep sending your dollars to work for you so that you can constantly combat the eroding force of inflation." "A big part of get wealthy behaviors is trying to turn your wages, your time, your labor into actual assets." "And that's why I can't have you take a side trip to cut that off when that actually is going to be the long term solution to protect yourself from inflation." "And that's a hard thing to do when we've gone through inflationary period, but it doesn't mean you just stop."

Peter Schiff, CEO of Euro Pacific Asset Management and host of The Peter Schiff Show, discusses his critique of “Trump Trumponomics” and the ensuing sparring with Donald Trump. He argues that while oil prices are down, the overall price level is rising, noting that inflation is about 50% above the Fed’s target. He contends that Trump’s claim that prices are coming down is incorrect and notes that inflation is not only persistent but potentially understated by CPI methodology. Schiff asserts that Trump has not fixed the economy; in fact, he says Trump contributed to debt growth and deficits during his prior term, with COVID policy amplified spending. He compares Trumponomics to Bidenomics, stating both are characterized by large deficits, money printing, and efforts to inflate asset bubbles through monetary easing. The key difference, according to Schiff, is that Trump uses tariffs and more micromanagement of the economy, whereas Schiff advocates free-market capital allocation. When asked what he would advise a listening Trump, Schiff says the core remedy is massive reductions in government spending, entitlement reform (Social Security, Medicare), and defense cuts, along with removing tariffs. He suggests replacing current economic advisers and pushing the Fed toward higher interest rates and tighter policy rather than renewed QE or rate cuts. He argues for ending the bashing of the Fed and emphasizes non-dollar revenue and non-dollar assets as preferable to dollar-denominated holdings. Schiff predicts an imminent economic crisis, including a dollar crisis and sovereign debt crisis, with precious metals signaling the coming stress (gold around 4,300 and silver around 66 at the time of the discussion). He says the crisis will affect purchasing power and standards of living, with the dollar’s value deteriorating and long-term interest rates rising as lenders lose confidence. He explains that even if banks don’t fail, deposits may lose value, and the dollar’s purchasing power will fall dramatically. Discussing the likelihood and mechanics of a dollar crisis, Schiff argues that the dollar’s decline will be rapid once it accelerates, potentially around early 2026, with gold and silver strengthening as the dollar weakens. He stresses that the way inflation is measured is biased, designed to understate true inflation, and describes inflation as a tax that redistributes purchasing power from creditors to debtors. He notes that countries moving away from the dollar and into non-dollar assets will bring dollars back into the U.S., accelerating domestic price increases. Central banks shifting away from dollars toward gold will also contribute to this dynamic. On investment implications, Schiff emphasizes owning real assets (businesses with plant, equipment, and dividends) over paper assets (cash, bonds). He warns that inflation erodes the value of money and inflates asset prices, creating bubbles in tech, AI, housing, bonds, and even cryptocurrencies. He argues that gold and silver remain protective as inflation hedges, and suggests diversification into foreign stocks and non-dollar assets through Shift Gold and Europe Pacific Asset Management. He closes by pointing listeners to his platforms: Schiff Radio and The Peter Schiff Show, as well as his gold business (Schiff Gold) and European/foreign asset management (Europac) with five mutual funds, plus a free Shift Sovereign subscription.

Inflation is a long-standing tax used by governments to take resources from their people for centuries.

We are in a monetary revolution where the power needs to be taken back from the private families and central banks that print money. The government is not in control. This is why we can't see change in congress or have a government that works for us. We need a peaceful revolution, a monetary revolution, where we stop using their money and instead invest in assets like gold, silver, Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Global Boost. These assets can't be inflated or seized. Remember your seed phrase and keep it secure.

During economic and global turmoil, gold and silver can protect wealth. Countries insulate against a systematic reordering of the global monetary system by investing in precious metals. Individuals can emulate this on a smaller scale. In an inflationary environment, gold and silver prices increase alongside other commodities. Governments are resorting to printing money due to insufficient tax revenue. The trend toward gold and silver began in 2022 following the Russia-Ukraine conflict when the U.S. removed Russia from the SWIFT system and confiscated its U.S. dollar reserves, prompting Russia to de-dollarize and buy gold. Mass debanking and censorship also spurred precious metal investments. This move is viewed as a structural change, offering both safety and growth. Individuals can follow central banks, hedge funds, and billionaires by allocating funds into gold and silver, especially when concerned about undercapitalized banks. Demand is skyrocketing while supplies diminish, driving prices up. People are driven by fear, but should operate out of logic and reason. The worse and more turbulent things get, the better gold and silver perform.

Speaker 0: So who are the people that actually get to be inflation? Well, they're the ones that are climbing up the network. They're the compromised ones. Why? What do they get? They get 0% money. The most corrupt money in the world is quantitative easing. Right? You essentially get the banks to buy the government's debt, and then central banks, put it on their balance sheet. So this is just pure corruption. This is below interest money. What about the banks? They get to create it for free. You know, they actually get to create it. They get a thousand decks on you you're paying 10%. They get they get to lever that up a 100 times. They get a thousand percent. And remember, this is all a debt based Ponzi scheme. The money to pay the interest doesn't exist, so you gotta find another person to take on the debt. You're either if you have a positive money in your in your bank balance, it's because somebody else is in debt. The money doesn't exist unless somebody else is in debt, and the money to pay the interest doesn't exist. So we create this economic environment where your money is continually being debased, and then you need to speculate in order to beat inflation. Now if you do a bit of speculation and you just invest some of your money in stocks, what happens? You're suddenly like, I don't know what stock to buy. I'm I'm not a professional trader. So there's a company out there, BlackRock, that will just buy all the stocks for me, and I just can give them a £100 a month or something. And, now I don't need to figure out what stock to buy. Okay. So now BlackRock is taking everyone's investment money that can't be bothered to figure out what stock through ETFs and index ones. Then they're taking everyone's pension. Then they're taking everyone's insurance contributions because you're trying to hedge some of the risk. And then when you get your house, you have to have insurance. And so where did BlackRock and all the asset managers in this financial industrial complex get all the money? It's your money. You paid for it. So then what do they do? Well, the banks create all of these. They they create new money every time they issue a mortgage. And then they say, do you know what? I don't even wanna take the risk of these mortgages anymore. What if can I just package it up and give it to someone else? So Larry Fink says, yeah. I've got all this money. All these people are putting these pension money in. Why don't we create something called a mortgage backed security? Let's package up all of these mortgages. Just put them into one product. And then what I can do is we can slap a credit rating on it. And if everyone complies, then they get this credit rating. Credit rating is not it's about compliance with the network. So now you've got all the banks are creating the money, and then they create these mortgage backed securities that allows them to control effectively all the real estate and transfer it. But who do they sell it to? They sell it to you. And so they created the money. They created the mortgage backed security, and then they sold it to your pension. So you paid for the very system for them to get the 0% money in the first place, and they're charging a fee for it. And what else do they get? They get a board seat on every company.

The speaker explains that major central banks globally target 2% inflation. This helps people by anchoring inflation at that rate. It is believed that people's expectations about inflation have a real effect on it. If people expect inflation to increase by 5%, businesses and households will also expect it and it will likely happen. Therefore, aiming for 2% inflation helps stabilize and control inflation rates.

Dilution occurs when you add more of something to an existing quantity, reducing its value. For example, printing $5 trillion dilutes the value of money, meaning that if someone earns minimum wage, their purchasing power decreases in real terms. This dilution is a primary cause of inflation. While specific price increases can be attributed to factors like feed costs or geopolitical events, the simultaneous rise in prices across the board suggests a broader issue. Other countries have also printed money, which may have mitigated the impact on the dollar. However, as we approach the debt limit, the reluctance to print more money stems from its detrimental effects on the economy.

Speaker 0: Have you seen local news anchors reciting it verbatim, as if democracy is the greatest thing ever? It’s become a social engineering propaganda tool that democracy is the greatest thing ever. We weren’t founded as a democracy. This country is founded as a constitutional republic. Speaker 1: There’s a line from Sweatshop Union: if democracy is so good, why are we running all over the world down people’s throats? Speaker 0: Exactly. Spreading democracy by dropping bombs just doesn’t make sense. Speaker 2: The political apparatus is set up such that government is not merit-based, but private institutions select leaders on merit. What happens if, in the future, micro sovereignties are run by the most competent person rather than a personality? Look at Lee Kuan Yew in Singapore in the 80s. His government was compensated based on economic returns and performance. Singapore is widely regarded as one of the best places to do business and as one of the freest, most open micronations. Speaker 0: Let’s start with The Sovereign Individual, the book on the table. Difficult read? Speaker 2: One of the hardest reads, in my view. It’s dry and painful, with dismal subjects. Speaker 0: An eye opener—unplugging from the matrix. It’s an orange-peeling book and was written in 1997, about twenty years before Bitcoin. Speaker 2: It predicted the emergence of anonymous digital cash, i.e., Bitcoin. It predicted the rise of narrowcasting rather than broadcasting, i.e., social media. It predicted government use of a plandemic to reinforce border integrity when things started to get weird. Speaker 0: It was prescient. Imagine reading it in 1996. The book’s first five to ten years—how successful was it? Speaker 1: I imagine they’ve sold enormous numbers more recently. The book’s sales figures suggest a Pareto effect: 10-to-1, 15-to-1 in rankings. The necessity of a post-nine world has made the authors’ insights profoundly prophetic. Speaker 2: It’s a book ahead of its time. How would you pitch it to someone who hasn’t read it? Speaker 0: The easiest pitch is to tell them upfront that it’s impossible, font too, and that it’s dense. In a short-time-preference society, reading long-form is niche. The value is unplugging from the matrix; if you have the courage to unplug, this book will ruin your life in the best possible way. It’s the one-way door toward Bitcoin. Speaker 1: Would you suggest that someone with a strong Bitcoin understanding read the book? Speaker 2: Yes. The audio is easier for some; the density is akin to a Peterson-level experience. A few have read it and shared the same unplugging moment. The book’s central idea is that after a certain realization, you cross an event horizon toward a brighter future, where finances and sovereignty are rethought. Speaker 0: The book’s numbers show how compounding matters: if you’re paying tax or inflation on savings, opting out into self-sovereign regimes like Bitcoin or jurisdictional optimization can be transformative. The example: for every $5,000 in taxable income, a 10% compounded yield over a forty-year career costs you more than $2.2 million. The answer, as the book highlights, is to move to Bermuda or switch to Bitcoin, eliminating inflation’s tax on your purchasing power. Speaker 2: The analogy: a 100-dollar bill on the ground—someone will eventually pick it up. The book frames incentives as simple, primordial drivers: people seek the easiest path to preserving wealth, and Bitcoin creates a powerful magnetism toward sovereignty. Speaker 0: The discussion then moves to a digital future: the sovereign individual, information aristocrats, and the rise of digital nomad visas. In 2020, 21 countries offered digital nomad visas; by 2025, between 43 and 75 countries are inviting people to live there for up to eighteen months, bringing income and economic value. This reflects the shift toward the “digital heaven” where physical location is less limiting, aided by crypto finance, multisig, and portable wealth. Speaker 2: The concept of “digital Berlin Walls” and border controls is challenged by the rise of nomad visas, tax competition, and capital mobility. As the state’s revenue base weakens, micro states or micro nations question how to finance themselves; land can be sold or leased to new sovereign enclaves, while existing nation-states become more like a la carte governments. Speaker 0: The discussion then turns to Moore’s Law and bandwidth, and how faster processing and information flow empower sovereign individuals. As information becomes easier to transport, people can conduct business from Bermuda, Japan, or Florida with equal ease. That power accelerates the move toward self-sovereignty. Speaker 1: The rise of cyber warfare is a counterpoint: a single actor can strike on a scale once reserved for nation-states. This creates a need to treat citizens as customers to encourage them to stay, while individuals can also defend themselves with cryptography, multisig, and secure digital infrastructure. The book’s framework contrasts magnitude of power with efficiency: the transition from medieval power projection to high-technology, efficient defense and commerce. Speaker 2: The Luddites are discussed as a historical example: when a new machine threatened skilled labor, some resisted, but the Luddites did not riot against all technology—only against those jobs at risk. The modern parallel is AI and data-entry work: will the losers and left-behinds revolt against technology, or will they adapt? The answer may lie in new governance forms where governance is more responsive to the needs of citizens who are themselves mobile and empowered. Speaker 0: The conversation returns to “government as a service” versus the nation-state. Open-market competition among micro-nations could yield better service ethics, as governments compete to deliver what citizens want, when they want it. The book emphasizes that the market should decide governance efficiency, not centralized coercion. The nation-state’s cost of enforcement rises as sovereignty disperses, making it harder to extract taxes or project power. Speaker 1: The panel discusses the role of education and personal responsibility. Reading the Sovereign Individual remains a duty, but so does practical action: multisig setup, hardware wallets, off-ramps, and building digital sovereignty with practical steps. The speakers stress the importance of small, incremental steps: five minutes a day of reading; gradual exposure; and helping others gain exposure to Bitcoin through accessible tools. Speaker 2: The “orange pill moment” is repeated: once you see the future, you cannot unsee it. The book is a catalyst for readers to pursue self-sovereignty, not as a cynical rejection of government, but as a practical shift toward a voluntary, customer-based governance model in a world of mobile populations and robust tech. The speakers emphasize that this is not a call for doom; it’s an invitation to participate in reform through education, prudent financial choices, and deliberate, long-term planning. Speaker 0: The closing notes insist: read, educate others, and become the change you want to see. The conversation underscores three pillars: information technology’s accelerating power, the emergence of micro-nations and digital sovereignty, and the imperative to align incentives toward cooperative, merchant-like behavior rather than coercive domination. The speakers leave the audience with a hopeful vision: a world of decentralized governance where governments as “customers” compete to serve, and where sovereign individuals use Bitcoin to protect and grow wealth, enabling a future with less violence and more abundance. Speaker 1: If you want to connect with the speakers, you can follow them via their channels (noting their emphasis on privacy and selective presence). The discussion ends with renewed energy: fight for the future, protect your digital life, and explore the bright orange future responsibly, with education and preparedness as your guides.

Mario and Jeff discuss what the current geopolitical and monetary environment means for gold, the US dollar, and the broader system that underpins global finance. - Gold and asset roles - Gold is a portfolio asset that does not compete with the dollar; it competes with the stock market and tends to rise when people are concerned about risky assets. It is a “safe haven store value” rather than a monetary instrument aimed at replacing the dollar. - Historically, gold did not reliably hedge inflation in 2021–2022 when the economy seemed to be recovering; in downturns, gold becomes more attractive as a store of value. Recent moves up in gold price over the last two months are viewed as pricing in multiple factors, including potential economic downturn and questionable macro conditions. - The dollar and de-dollarization - The eurodollar system is a vast, largely ledger-based network of US-dollar balances held offshore, allowing near-instantaneous movement of funds. It is not simply “the euro,” and it predates and outlived any single country’s policy. Replacing it would be like recreating the Internet from scratch. - De-dollarization discussions are driven more by political narratives than monetary mechanics. Central banks selling dollar assets during shortages is a liquidity management response, not a repudiation of the dollar. - The dollar’s dominance remains intact because there is no ready substitute meeting all its functions. Replacing the dollar would require replacing the entire set of dollar functions across global settlement, payments, and liquidity provisioning. - Bank reserves, reserves composition, and the size of the eurodollar market - The share of US dollars in foreign reserves has declined, but this is not seen as a meaningful signal about the system’s functionality or dominance; the real issue is the level of settlement and liquidity, which remains heavily dollar-based. - The eurodollar market is enormous and largely offshore, with little public reporting. It is described as a “black hole” that drives movements in the system and is extremely hard to measure precisely. - Current dynamics: debt, safety, and liquidity - The debt ceiling and growing US debt are acknowledged as concerns, but the view presented is that debt dynamics do not destabilize the Treasury market as long as demand for safety and liquidity remains high. In a depression-like environment, US Treasuries are still viewed as the safest and most liquid form of debt, which sustains their price and keeps yields relatively contained. - Gold is safe but not highly liquid as collateral; Treasuries provide liquidity. Central banks use gold to diversify reserves and stabilize currencies (e.g., yuan), but Treasuries remain central to collateral needs in a broad financial system. - China, the US, and global growth - China’s economy faces deflationary pressures, with ten consecutive quarters of deflation in the Chinese GDP deflator, raising questions about domestic demand. Attempts to stimulate have had limited success; overproduction and rebalancing efforts aim to reduce supply to match demand, potentially increasing unemployment and lowering investment. - The US faces a weakening labor market; recent job shedding and rising delinquencies in consumer and corporate credit markets heighten uncertainty about the credit system. This underpins gold’s appeal as a store of value. - China remains heavily dependent on the US consumer; despite decoupling rhetoric, demand for Chinese goods and the global supply chain ties keep the US-China relationship central to global dynamics. The prospect of a Chinese-led fourth industrial revolution (AI, quantum computing) is viewed skeptically as unlikely to overcome structural inefficiencies of a centralized planning model. - Gold, Bitcoin, and alternative systems - Bitcoin is described as a Nasdaq-stock-like store of value tied to tech equities; it is not seen as a robust currency or a wide-scale payment system based on liquidity. It could, in theory, be a superior version of gold someday, but today it behaves like other speculative assets. - The conversation weighs the potential for a shift away from the eurodollar toward private digital currencies or a mix of public-private digital currencies. The idea that a completely decentralized system could replace the eurodollar is acknowledged as a long-term possibility, but currently, stablecoins are evolving toward stand-alone viability rather than a wholesale replacement. - The broader arc and forecast - The trade war is seen as a redistribution of productive capacity rather than a definitive win for either side; macroeconomic outcomes in the 2020s are shaped by monetary conditions and the eurodollar system’s functioning more than by policy interventions alone. - The speakers foresee a future with multipolarity and a gradually evolving monetary regime, possibly moving from the eurodollar toward a suite of digital currencies—some private, some public—while gold remains a key store of value in times of systemic risk. - Argentina, Russia, and Europe - Argentina’s crisis is framed as an outcome of eurodollar malfunctioning; IMF interventions offer only temporary stabilization in the face of ongoing liquidity and deflationary pressures. - Russia remains integrated with global finance through channels like the eurodollar system, even after sanctions; the resilience of energy sectors and external support from partners like China helps it endure. - Europe is acknowledged as facing a difficult, depressing outlook, reinforcing the broader narrative of a challenging global macro environment. Overall, gold is framed as a prudent hedge within a complex, interconnected, and evolving eurodollar system, with no imminent replacement of the dollar in sight, while the path toward a multi-currency or digital-currency future remains uncertain and gradual.

Jeff: Gold is not a monetary instrument the way people often think. It’s actually easy to understand once you move away from the idea that gold is tied to dollar inflation. Gold is simply a portfolio asset, a store of value, and the preeminent safe haven store value. Gold doesn’t compete with the dollar; it competes with the stock market or risky credit markets. The notion of “de-dollarization” largely comes from political context rather than monetary mechanics. Mario: So gold prices rising—how should we think about that trade? Jeff: Gold tends to go up when people are concerned about risky assets because it’s a safe haven. It performed poorly as an inflation hedge in 2021–2022 when the economy seemed to recover and policymakers seemed to have hit the right policy mix. Now, with conditions leaning toward an economic downturn and “Nvidia AI stocks” looking bubbly, gold has revived as a safe haven. The last two months reflect the factors I’ve cited being priced into the gold market. Mario: People talk about the death of the US dollar. Is gold not tied to that? Jeff: They’ve been talking about de-dollarization for twenty years. The dollar remains dominant because there is no replacement for its functions; replacing it would be like recreating the Internet from scratch. The Eurodollar system grew because it could meet many needs in a flexible way, including for asset-holders who want to keep things in US-dollar terms. If you’re trying to hide assets, you keep them in US-dollar terms, and there are places to do so. Mario: The dollar’s share of foreign reserves has fallen from 72% to 58% in recent years. Doesn’t that show a shift away from the dollar? Jeff: That drop isn’t necessarily meaningful for reserve mechanics. What matters is the level of settlement and payments, which are still 90% in US dollars. The yuan is rising in FX settlements, but it’s not replacing the dollar; it’s competing with other currencies on the other side of the dollar. The dollar is as dominant as ever, and there’s no easy replacement because you’d have to replace all its functions. Replacing the dollar network would be like recreating the Internet—massive, complex, and gradual. Mario: What about the Eurodollar market itself? How big is it? Jeff: Nobody knows. It’s offshore, regulatory offshore, with little reporting; it’s a black hole. Eurodollars are “numbers on a screen,” ledger money, not physical dollars. The Eurodollar system lets money move quickly worldwide through bank-ledger networks, integrating various ledgers. It’s the global settlement mechanism, and its size is effectively unknowable, yet it’s the currency the world uses. Mario: Why do central banks buy gold now, especially China? Jeff: Gold is a portfolio asset, a diversification tool. Central banks must diversify reserves; they still need some US Treasuries for the eurodollar system, but gold helps balance risk. In China’s case, gold supports yuan stability and diversifies reserves beyond US assets. Mario: What happens if a conflict with China disrupts the system? What replaces the dollar or the eurodollar plumbing? Jeff: It’s the great unknown. If there’s a real shooting war, China could be cut off by many, and the dollar system would shrink to those willing to participate. The eurodollar would strengthen as a settlement medium, though with a smaller global footprint. The idea of replacing the eurodollar with a Chinese-led system is unlikely; gold’s role in cross-border settlement remains limited, and gold alone isn’t a reliable settlement instrument. Mario: Is China building a “gold corridor” to decouple from the dollar? Jeff: The gold corridor theory reflects ongoing speculation. There have been many schemes—Petro-dollar, digital currencies, Belt and Road—that have not proven game-changing in defeating the dollar system. Gold in that context is not a robust settlement mechanism across geographies; the eurodollar system arose to move away from gold settlement. Mario: Why are people hoarding gold? How does the US debt situation affect the dollar’s safety? Jeff: US debt is a concern, but safety and liquidity demand still drives demand for government debt, not gold. Gold is safe but illiquid as collateral; liquidity is why Treasuries remain central. The debt grows, but the treasury market has remained robust because it’s the deepest market and the safest liquid asset. The larger risk lies in the federal government's expanding footprint and the potential debt trap, where stimulus doesn’t spur growth and leads to rising debt. Mario: What about Bitcoin as a store of value? And how about Russia? Jeff: Bitcoin behaves like a Nasdaq stock—more of a store of value tied to tech equities than a broad currency. It’s not likely to become a widespread medium of exchange. Russia remains connected to the US system; it’s less about the Russian economy collapsing and more about how energy and sanctions interact. The eurodollar system has kept Russia afloat through channels like the UAE, and it’s unlikely that Russia’s fate hinges on a single currency shift. Mario: Will the US empire fall or evolve into a multipolar world? Jeff: Likely a multipolar world, not a complete fall of the US empire. I’m long-term optimistic on the US and global economy. The eurodollar system could slowly be replaced by private digital currencies, with stablecoins evolving toward independence. The transition would be gradual, with multiple private digital currencies emerging, while the eurodollar would persist in a rump form if needed.