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John Rockefeller's ruthless tactics, such as bribery and price fixing, allowed his company, Standard Oil, to control 90% of US oil production, making him the richest man in history. He donated $100 million to his philanthropic organization, the general education board, to streamline and standardize medical schools and hospitals. In 1913, he established the Rockefeller Foundation, which was criticized by Congress for being self-serving and a threat to the nation's future. Rockefeller used his foundation's influence to push for the centralization of medical education based on germ theory and pharmaceuticals, leading to the closure of many alternative medical schools. This consolidation also promoted the use of specific drugs to target germs, rather than focusing on overall health and nutrition. Rockefeller's efforts benefited US oil, mining, pharmaceutical, telecom, and banking industries.