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After Faisal was deposed, the promise of a single Arab state was broken as the Sykes-Picot Agreement divided the Middle East. France gained mandates for Lebanon and Syria, while Britain controlled Transjordan, Palestine, and Iraq, including key oil fields. Although the Iraqi people initially rejected British rule, Faisal was installed as king.
Sheriff Hussein's dream of a Hashemite-ruled Arab kingdom was partially fulfilled with his son Abdullah becoming king of Transjordan; however, their rival, Ibn Saud, seized Hijaz. In Palestine, the Balfour Declaration, incorporated into the British mandate, promised a Jewish homeland, sparking Arab resentment and increased Jewish immigration, leading to conflict. The British policies sowed division, ultimately leading to the creation of Israel in 1948 and the displacement of Palestinian Arabs, leaving a legacy of betrayal and frustrated expectations.