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Ginni Rometty discusses her experiences as CEO of IBM, emphasizing the necessity of making unpopular decisions for long-term success. She highlights the challenges of transforming a century-old company, focusing on what should endure while adapting to modern needs. Rometty underscores IBM's mission-critical work, stating that the company is fundamentally about being essential to the world, particularly in software, consulting, hybrid cloud, and AI. She reflects on the importance of speed and agility in large organizations, sharing her experience of reducing management layers to enhance decision-making and responsiveness. Rometty emphasizes the need for a culture of continuous learning and adaptability, advocating for hiring based on a willingness to learn rather than solely on traditional qualifications. She believes in building skills from within and fostering a diverse workforce to drive innovation. Rometty also addresses the balance between stakeholder interests and profitability, asserting that a company must consider multiple stakeholders to endure over time. She recounts the existential challenges IBM faced during her tenure, including significant revenue declines and the need for reinvention, which involved divesting from certain areas while investing in new technologies like cloud computing. She shares personal anecdotes about her upbringing, the influence of her family, and the lessons learned from adversity. Rometty discusses the importance of mentorship and the role of women in leadership, noting the unique pressures they face. She encourages young people to embrace curiosity, ask questions, and practice patience in their careers, believing that a fulfilling life comes from leaving things better than they were found. Ultimately, Rometty's philosophy centers on the idea of "good power," which involves using one's influence to effect positive change in society while navigating the complexities of leadership with empathy and integrity. She concludes by stressing the significance of relationships and community in achieving meaningful goals.

Jacqueline Gold, CEO of Ann Summers, shares her journey of overcoming significant adversity, including childhood trauma, sexual abuse, and personal loss. Her unconventional upbringing, marked by her parents' divorce and an abusive relationship with her mother's boyfriend, shaped her drive for financial independence and empowerment. Gold emphasizes the importance of resilience, stating that she has faced numerous challenges, including the loss of her son and a breast cancer diagnosis, yet she remains optimistic and focused on finding opportunities in adversity. Gold's career began at Ann Summers, where she transformed the brand into a platform for female empowerment and sexual liberation. She pioneered the concept of Ann Summers parties, creating a safe space for women to discuss sexuality openly. Despite facing skepticism and discrimination as a young female CEO in a male-dominated industry, she persisted, believing in the need for change and empowerment. Throughout her journey, Gold highlights the significance of courage and the need to challenge societal norms. She reflects on the importance of networking and building relationships, recognizing that success is not solely about individual ability but also about the people and culture within a business. Gold's commitment to female empowerment has evolved, focusing on inclusivity and representation in her campaigns. Her experiences have instilled a deep understanding of the connection between psychological trauma and physical health, as she recounts her struggles with tinnitus linked to her past. Gold advocates for ongoing education around consent and the importance of addressing societal issues related to sexual abuse and victim blaming. Ultimately, she embodies a spirit of resilience, optimism, and a commitment to empowering others through her work and personal experiences.

Claire Vo, a seasoned Chief Product Officer, emphasizes that her role in later-stage companies is to remind them they can operate like startups, focusing on speed and quality. She advocates for a CPTO role that combines product and engineering, arguing that this integration eliminates debates over what’s best for the organization. Claire discusses her creation of Chat PRD, a popular AI tool for product managers, which she developed to streamline the PRD writing process. While AI may not eliminate product managers, it will shift the required skills and the pace at which they operate. Claire's career trajectory, from copywriter to CPO, is driven by her curiosity and eagerness to build. She advises aspiring leaders to clearly communicate their career goals and to make it easy for their managers to support their growth. She emphasizes the importance of understanding organizational norms and aligning personal ambitions with company needs. Claire also highlights the necessity of operating within one’s zone of genius, focusing on tasks that energize rather than drain. In discussing the challenges of being a woman in tech, Claire reflects on the structural and cultural barriers that persist, despite her success. She encourages curiosity and empowerment as tools for navigating these challenges. Claire shares her experience of being perceived as less technical despite her extensive background, urging the industry to normalize diverse representations in tech roles. On the topic of AI, Claire believes that while some PM tasks may be automated, the human elements of communication and strategy will remain vital. She encourages PMs to embrace new technologies and to explore no-code tools to enhance their skills. Claire’s Chat PRD tool exemplifies how AI can augment PM work, allowing for greater efficiency and focus on strategic tasks. Finally, Claire shares her belief in the value of sales-led product strategies, arguing that they can coexist with a strong product vision. She encourages PMs to document their experiences and insights as a way to create engaging content, emphasizing that consistency is key to growth in any creative endeavor.

In this episode of "Experts on Expert," host Dax Shepard welcomes Reshma Saujani, founder of Girls Who Code and author of "Brave, Not Perfect." They discuss their shared Indian heritage and the challenges of growing up as children of immigrants in America. Reshma shares her family's history, detailing how her parents fled Uganda during Idi Amin's regime and eventually settled in Chicago, where they faced difficulties in finding jobs due to discrimination. Reshma recounts her academic journey, highlighting her struggles to gain acceptance into prestigious law schools and her eventual realization that success does not equate to happiness. She emphasizes the importance of bravery over perfection, arguing that women are often socialized to seek perfection while men are encouraged to be brave. This societal conditioning leads to a fear of failure among women, which Reshma aims to address through her work and writing. The conversation shifts to Reshma's political aspirations, including her run for Congress, where she became the first Indian-American woman to do so. Despite losing the election, she views the experience as transformative and empowering, leading her to focus on creating opportunities for girls in technology through Girls Who Code. Reshma explains that the organization aims to close the gender gap in tech by teaching girls coding skills and fostering a supportive community. They also discuss the cultural perceptions surrounding women in STEM fields, noting that societal messages often discourage girls from pursuing these careers. Reshma argues that the decline in female representation in tech is a result of cultural shifts rather than inherent differences in ability. She highlights the need for systemic change to encourage girls to embrace technology and coding. Throughout the episode, Dax and Reshma touch on various topics, including the impact of immigration on identity, the importance of community, and the need for women to embrace their authentic selves. Reshma's latest book, "Brave, Not Perfect," encapsulates her philosophy of encouraging women to take risks and learn from failure, ultimately aiming to inspire a new generation of girls to be bold and fearless in their pursuits.

In this episode of The Drive podcast, host Peter Attia interviews David Epstein, author of *The Sports Gene* and *Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World*. They discuss the importance of understanding performance improvement, particularly in children, and the misconceptions surrounding the 10,000-hour rule for mastery. Epstein argues that while deliberate practice is crucial, reducing mastery to a simple number of hours is misleading. The conversation touches on the cultural significance of figures like Ayrton Senna in Brazil, illustrating how athletes can become national icons. Attia shares personal anecdotes about his children, emphasizing the challenges of guiding them in their pursuits while allowing them to explore various interests. They delve into the psychology of performance, discussing how exposure to different activities can foster skills that are transferable across disciplines. Epstein highlights the flawed decision-making process that led to the Challenger disaster, emphasizing the dangers of rigid adherence to protocols without considering the nuances of a situation. He draws parallels to the medical field, where specialization can sometimes hinder adaptability and innovation. The discussion also explores the balance between specialization and generalization, advocating for a broader approach to learning and skill acquisition. The conversation shifts to the importance of sampling different experiences to find one's passion, with Epstein citing the Dark Horse project, which studies how individuals find fulfillment in their careers. They discuss the role of mentorship and the impact of societal pressures on career choices, particularly in the context of higher education. Epstein shares the story of Frances Hesselbein, who became a successful leader in the Girl Scouts despite her unconventional background, illustrating the power of diverse experiences and the importance of adaptability. They conclude by reflecting on the value of lifelong learning and the need for individuals to remain open to new opportunities, regardless of their past experiences or current paths.

Ben Horowitz introduces Mellody Hobson, president of Ariel Investments and chairwoman of DreamWorks, highlighting her impressive reputation in the investment world. Hobson explains Ariel's investment philosophy, symbolized by a turtle logo, emphasizing patient investing and the importance of long-term perspectives. She shares an example of their investment in Madison Square Garden during a challenging period, illustrating how they identified its potential despite short-term setbacks. Hobson discusses the challenges of managing public shareholders who often panic during downturns, noting the increasing speed of money movement in mutual funds. She emphasizes the importance of making decisions based on time rather than money, advocating for a focus on intrinsic value and long-term goals. Hobson recounts her journey at Ariel, starting as an intern and eventually becoming president, crediting her mentor, John, for recognizing her potential early on. She highlights the significance of loyalty and patience in building a strong team. In her role at DreamWorks, Hobson focuses on governance and management rather than creative decisions, ensuring that the company remains accountable and aligned with long-term interests. She stresses the value of diverse perspectives in board discussions and the importance of challenging assumptions to achieve better outcomes.

Fran Millar shares her emotional journey through the world of cycling, heavily influenced by her brother, David Miller, a talented cyclist whose career was marred by a doping scandal. Fran reflects on the impact of this scandal on her family and her own career, highlighting the complexities of the sport and the pressures athletes face. She describes her brother's rise in cycling, the allure of success, and the eventual realization that doping was rampant, leading to his downfall. Fran's career trajectory is marked by tenacity and adaptability. Starting her own business, she later joined Team Sky, where she worked for 12 years, eventually becoming CEO of Team Ineos. She emphasizes the importance of being a "difficult woman" in a male-dominated industry, advocating for women to be assertive and authentic without filtering themselves. Fran discusses the societal pressures women face regarding relationships and family, expressing her contentment with her life choices, including her decision not to pursue traditional milestones like marriage or children. Transitioning to her role as CEO of Belstaff during the pandemic, Fran emphasizes the importance of understanding the brand's history and listening to her team before making decisions. She believes in the potential for growth and profitability at Belstaff, focusing on creating a strong foundation for the future. Fran reflects on her experiences, the value of hard work, and the significance of relationships, asserting that her career is fulfilling and that she prioritizes experiences with loved ones over material success. Throughout the conversation, Fran's resilience and commitment to authenticity shine through, as she navigates the challenges of her career while remaining true to herself. She encourages others to embrace their journeys, learn from mistakes, and pursue their passions without being confined by societal expectations.

Megyn Kelly interviews former ESPN host Sage Steele, who recently settled a lawsuit against ESPN and Disney after alleging retaliation for her comments on the vaccine mandate and her biracial identity. Steele discusses her emotional journey following her departure from ESPN after 16.5 years, expressing gratitude for her supportive family and reflecting on her upbringing as a military brat. She shares her experiences of feeling overwhelmed and uncertain about her future but remains optimistic about new opportunities. Steele recounts her family background, highlighting her parents' interracial marriage during a time of societal controversy. She emphasizes the strength and love in her family, particularly her father's achievements as the first Black varsity football player at West Point. Steele discusses the importance of her upbringing in shaping her values and resilience, especially in the face of adversity. The conversation shifts to Steele's career at ESPN, where she faced challenges as a woman in a male-dominated industry. She expresses disappointment in the lack of support from female colleagues and the cutthroat nature of the workplace. Steele reflects on her early struggles at ESPN, including a difficult start that ultimately fueled her determination to succeed. Steele's controversial comments on Jay Cutler's podcast regarding the vaccine mandate and her biracial identity led to backlash and disciplinary actions from ESPN. She describes the emotional toll of being publicly criticized and the fear of returning to work after her suspension. Despite the challenges, Steele emphasizes the importance of standing up for her beliefs and the support she received from her family and friends. The discussion touches on the hypocrisy within ESPN regarding political speech, as other employees faced no repercussions for their outspoken views. Steele highlights the inconsistency in how different employees were treated and expresses her frustration with the company's response to her comments. Steele's lawsuit was ultimately settled, and she reflects on the importance of free speech and the need for consistency in corporate policies. She expresses hope for the future, considering new opportunities and the possibility of creating her own platform. The conversation concludes with a focus on the importance of surrounding oneself with supportive individuals and the potential for personal and professional growth.

Anousheh Ansari, the first female private space explorer and CEO of the X Prize Foundation, shares her journey and passion for space exploration. She emphasizes the importance of taking risks for exploration, stating that many people are willing to risk their lives to go to space. Anousheh recalls her historic flight in 2006, where she felt immense gratitude and excitement as she launched into space aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. The experience was surreal, filled with moments of joy and childlike wonder, especially when she first saw Earth from space. Growing up in Iran, Anousheh developed a fascination with the stars, fueled by her love for science fiction. Despite societal limitations, she pursued her dreams, eventually moving to the U.S. at 16 and becoming an engineer. Anousheh and her husband, Hamid, along with his brother Amir, started several successful companies, including Telecom Technologies, which developed innovative telecommunications solutions. The conversation shifts to the Ansari X Prize, which Anousheh funded, aimed at incentivizing private space exploration. She reflects on the risks involved in space travel and the importance of pushing boundaries to advance human exploration. Anousheh believes that the X Prize has significantly impacted the space industry, inspiring a new generation of entrepreneurs and innovators. Anousheh advocates for a mindset of curiosity and exploration, encouraging individuals to embrace experiences that lead to discovering their passions. She emphasizes the need for women in leadership roles, particularly in STEM fields, and the importance of breaking down societal barriers that limit opportunities for women. As CEO of the X Prize Foundation, Anousheh aims to tackle global challenges through innovative competitions. She expresses a desire for future X Prizes to focus on sustainable energy solutions and empowering youth voices in decision-making processes. Anousheh concludes by highlighting the need for bold moonshot ideas to drive significant societal change and the importance of collaboration in achieving these goals.

In this conversation, Pamela McCorduck, an author known for her works on the history and philosophy of artificial intelligence (AI), discusses her journey in writing *Machines Who Think* and her experiences with early AI pioneers. She emphasizes that AI's roots lie not just in mathematics and computer science but also in myth and legend, reflecting humanity's long-standing desire to create intelligence beyond ourselves. McCorduck highlights the significance of the Dartmouth conference and the contributions of founding figures like John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert Simon. She notes the evolution of AI from symbolic processing to algorithmic approaches, expressing skepticism about the notion of an "AI winter," arguing that scientific research continues despite funding challenges. McCorduck also touches on the societal implications of AI, including ethical concerns and the potential for AI to alleviate loneliness. She concludes with reflections on her memoir, recognizing her fortunate access to the beginnings of a transformative scientific field and her desire for AI to challenge traditional notions of intelligence associated with gender.

In this episode, Rich Roll interviews Kim Chambers, a record-setting marathon open water swimmer known for her inspiring journey. In 2015, she became the first woman to swim 30 miles through the Red Triangle off San Francisco, a region notorious for great white sharks. Kim's story begins in New Zealand, where she grew up on a sheep and cattle farm and trained as a ballerina for 15 years before transitioning to swimming after a life-altering accident in Silicon Valley. In a freak accident, she suffered acute compartment syndrome, leading to multiple surgeries and a long rehabilitation process. This experience forced her to confront her identity and resilience, ultimately igniting her passion for swimming. She describes the transformative power of her recovery, emphasizing how it reshaped her life and perspective. Kim shares her initial foray into swimming, starting at a local pool, where she found freedom and a sense of belonging. Encouraged by fellow swimmers, she ventured into the San Francisco Bay, which led to her participation in various challenging swims, including the Alcatraz swim and the Night Train Swimmers team. Her journey culminated in the Ocean Seven challenge, which includes iconic swims like the English Channel and the Cook Strait. Kim discusses the mental and physical challenges of these swims, including encounters with jellyfish and the cold waters of the North Channel. She highlights the importance of community and support in overcoming fears and achieving goals. Throughout the conversation, Kim emphasizes the significance of pushing through fear and discomfort, suggesting that true growth lies on the other side of these challenges. She encourages listeners to embrace their fears, seek supportive communities, and pursue their passions, reminding them that life is a journey filled with possibilities. Kim's story serves as a testament to resilience, courage, and the transformative power of embracing one's true self.