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According to the speaker, the conflict in Ukraine began in 1990 when James Baker allegedly told Mikhail Gorbachev that NATO would not move "one inch eastward" if he agreed to German unification. The US then supposedly cheated on this agreement, starting in 1994 under Clinton, with plans to expand NATO to Ukraine. NATO expansion began in 1999 with Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic.
The US bombing of Serbia in 1999 was another point of contention. In 2002, the US unilaterally withdrew from the anti-ballistic missile treaty, leading to missile systems in Eastern Europe that Russia perceived as a threat. The US allegedly participated in the overthrow of Yanukovych in 2014. Putin repeatedly asked the US to stop NATO enlargement, especially after Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined in 2004.
In December 2021, Putin proposed a Russia-US security agreement based on no NATO enlargement, but the White House rejected negotiations, maintaining an "open door policy" for NATO. After the special military operation began, Zelensky initially signaled openness to neutrality, but the US and Britain allegedly encouraged continued fighting.