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Nothing in an airplane cabin should be created without the pilot's involvement. The evolution of fighter jets over the last 40 years showcases advancements from the Su-27 to the 5th generation Su-57, featuring supermaneuverability and advanced technology. Test pilot Sergei Bogdan, a star at airshows, demonstrated the Su-57's capabilities, captivating audiences with its maneuvers. The aircraft integrates artificial intelligence to assist pilots, enhancing combat effectiveness. The helmet of the future displays critical flight information directly to the pilot. Continuous training and modernization ensure that new aircraft meet evolving military needs. The Sukhoi Design Bureau fosters young talent, ensuring a legacy of innovation in aviation. Ultimately, the beauty of flying lies in the breathtaking experiences above the clouds, where pilots feel a profound connection to their craft.

Ted Postal, professor emeritus at MIT and expert on nuclear weapons and their delivery systems, discusses the Arashnik/Oreshnik hypersonic system and what is known about its capabilities, limitations, and potential implications. Postal emphasizes that the weapon is a very powerful conventional system, not a nuclear one. He notes that it delivers munitions and, as of the evidence available, seems to inflict damage primarily through kinetic impact. While adding submunitions with high explosives could increase damage per submunition, this would not constitute a game changer unless nuclear weapons were mounted on top of the system. He also cautions that the fact the system can deliver nuclear weapons is not especially novel in the context of existing delivery options, and the main policy concern is the possibility of escalation to nuclear use in response to a conventional attack. Key characteristics he outlines: - The Oreshnik is a one-stage missile that appears to repurpose the first stage of an old SS-20 (Pioneer) intermediate-range missile. The SS-20 was a two-stage missile with three warheads; in the Oreshnik, six buses on the vehicle carry submunitions. - The payload consists of six buses, each carrying about six submunitions, for a total of around 36 submunitions. Each submunition weighs roughly 70–80 kilograms. - The submunitions are delivered from a high-velocity canister that is ejected and then uses a high-pressure gas propulsion system to push out six submunitions onto six separate targets. The vehicle remains oriented to maintain stability, preventing tumbling and ensuring precise deployment. - The submunitions travel at very high speeds (hypersonic) but do not reach hypersonic speed on impact with the ground due to atmospheric reentry dynamics. They hit the ground at approximately 150–200 kilometers per hour, not at Mach 10, because tumbling and aerodynamic drag reduce speed before impact. - Debris analysis suggests the submunitions are not penetrating deep underground; instead, their energy is converted into heat and a violent expansion near the surface, producing an explosion-like effect rather than deep penetration. - The trajectories are lofted, delivering the submunitions to the target area after a long flight time (Russia has claimed 15–17 minutes for submunitions to reach targets). This lofted path reduces the likelihood of interceptors successfully engaging the weapon. On the effects and targeting: - A single submunition’s energy disperses over a footprint rather than concentrating in a single crater. The weapon’s conventional damage is significant, especially when deployed as clusters against a structure or urban area, but it is not equivalent to a nuclear strike. - If six buses with six submunitions each were all directed at a single structure, the resulting destruction would be substantial, but the extent would depend on targeting accuracy and footprint, as well as how many submunitions actually strike the intended area. - Postal notes that a one-kiloton nucleus would create a clearly larger, more devastating area of destruction than the conventional cluster could achieve; meanwhile, a 150–200 kiloton nuclear warhead mounted on Oreshnik would be city-destroying, illustrating how dramatically different outcomes would be with a nuclear payload. Interception and defense: - Postal argues there is no reliable intercept option for this weapon. The high loft and deployment of multiple submunitions after release complicate interception: the submunitions depart the launcher and travel at several kilometers per second above the atmosphere; interceptors would have minutes to react at distances where they would struggle to reach the fast-moving submunitions. - He contrasts this with Iskander, noting that while intercepting Iskander is challenging, the Oreshnik presents a broader, more difficult defense problem due to its trajectory and submunition deployment. Strategic and political context: - The discussion touches on the broader strategic implications, including the psychological impact of a sky lit up by hypersonic activity and the potential for miscalculation leading to nuclear escalation. Postal warns against overestimating the weapon’s nuclear potential and cautions policymakers about proportional responses to conventional attacks. - He critiques public rhetoric and speculative defense concepts (e.g., extreme “golden dome” missile defense schemes) as impractical, arguing that current defenses are unlikely to deter or intercept hypersonic submunition deployments. - The dialogue also reflects on Western economic and political actions, such as sanctions, and suggests that some analyses of the effects on Russia’s economy and strategic posture may mischaracterize outcomes; Postal emphasizes that the weapon’s value lies in its conventional destructive capability and its ability to complicate defense planning, rather than in conventional deterrence or nuclear signaling. - The conversation closes with a stark warning: if thousands of these missiles were deployed, a significant strategic reshaping would follow, necessitating new considerations for air and missile defense, even as existing systems face fundamental limitations in countering hypersonic conventional weapons.

At about 7,000 feet, the dive begins, with 'the speed alarm you can hear clicking' meaning 'the aircraft's exceeding the being never exceed speed.' The second pilot, 'on silent' to protect identity, shows a similar process: planes dive to lose altitude and make a last-minute turn about a mile from the tower, and the turn starts but the plane 'narrowly misses the tower.' This indicates a 'combination of momentum and controllability problems' as a 500-knot recovery out of a dive must turn through 'three or four degrees' with little time to react. It requires 'a lot of precision, very precise timing and judgment.' The plane must be 'put into the right level of bank' and 'pull back' in order to make that turn. If it's 'a couple of seconds too late' or 'insufficient role is put into the control inputs,' you're going to miss a towel.

The A380 wing can hold a massive amount of fuel, equivalent to 16 trucks. Filling the A380 takes 45 minutes, while filling an Olympic-sized swimming pool takes 4 days. Despite the large amount of fuel, it doesn't affect the plane's performance or stability. The video then explains the workings of a modern jet engine, highlighting the LEAP engine's efficiency and reduced emissions. The engine burns less fuel and produces thrust through a combination of compressed air and fuel combustion. In cruise mode, the engines primarily use compressed air, resulting in contrails of water vapor. The video concludes by mentioning that air is the most abundant resource needed for flight and shows the A380 levitating at a slow speed.

We are currently in a challenging situation. Our net is better now. The view is amazing, especially when the pilot avoids the crater. We need to be careful and ready for action. Overall, things are going well.

Speaker 0: We have aluminum, barium, strontium, manganese, surfactants, polymer fibers, graphene, all of this coming down in our breathable air call, Tucker. That's horrifying. So who's doing this specifically? Ultimately, all roads lead to those who print the money, but we know as far as the coordinating entities, certainly DOD, DARPA, and we have documents to prove the existence of these programs going back decades, documents hundreds of pages long. We have an 800 page US senate document from 1978 outlining the scope and scale of these programs then, specifically calling for intergovernmental cooperation, between quote otherwise adversarial nations because of the cross border ramifications of these programs. You can't just geo engineer of your own country. Who's the biggest player? Obviously The United States Of America, because the size of our military. We have the US military has three times more aerial tankers, which are the primary aircraft used in these operations, three times more than all other militaries in the world combined. And if I could back up to the whole condensation trail narrative again, which is perhaps one of the greatest lies ever perpetrated on populations all over the world, all military tankers and all commercial aircraft are equipped with what's known as a high bypass turbofan jet engine. That's a jet powered fan. 90% of the air that moves through that engine is not combusted. So by design, that engine is nearly incapable of producing any condensation material except under rare and extreme circumstances, which are diminishing by the day because of the warming that's occurring in the troposphere. So much warming. We've had two former military pilots that fly private aircraft, important people have contacted us at geongwatch dot org. In both cases, they were off the coast of the Pacific Northwest and their aircraft were forced into emergency auto descents because the air outside that aircraft was 45 to 50 degrees above what it should have been. The air was not dense enough to carry those aircraft. These people are very, very alarmed, but very afraid to speak out.

A puff of dust will appear upon touchdown. The air cushion will kick up the dust, resulting in a soft landing despite appearances. Touchdown confirmed. Congratulations, and welcome back to Earth. New status check. Double shot.

The Orishnik missile is described as a state-of-the-art weapon system launched from a massive 12 by 12 truck platform. It is engineered with multiple stages that enable it to reach orbit in a few minutes. A defining capability highlighted is its ability to hit hypersonic speed; once it attains altitude, it transitions into a steep dive, accelerating to hypersonic velocities. During its descent, the missile’s fairing opens to reveal six highly sophisticated warheads. Each warhead is equipped with miniature thrusters at its base, allowing the warheads to maneuver dynamically even as they fall under gravity. This maneuverability enables changes in direction, which is asserted to make it almost impossible for a Patriot missile to hit its target. The description notes that these capabilities are demonstrated in the video ahead.

The A380 wing can hold a massive amount of fuel, equivalent to 16 trucks. Filling the A380 takes 45 minutes, while filling an Olympic-sized swimming pool takes 4 days. Despite the large amount of fuel, it doesn't affect the plane's performance or road holding like it would in a car. The US Air Force uses large ladder tanks for in-flight refueling, but even those are only a fraction of what the A380 needs. The LEAP engine, used in some aircraft, is highly efficient and burns less fuel, reducing emissions. In cruise mode, jet engines run on compressed air and produce contrails of water vapor. Fuel is only needed to get the engine started.

The speakers are opening up to Antarctica and flying north, having been in Australia for about fifteen minutes. One speaker tells another to be careful with the snails. One speaker states that Chun has been waiting for this moment all his life. The speakers observe features and one calls it a spacewalk. One speaker states that as far as they can see, no human activity can be seen, just white, and that one part is clear while another is a colony. One speaker says it is unbelievable how much fun it is and that it is mind boggling up here, better than expected. They attempt to show a shot inside. One speaker questions whether something is ice or just cloud, and another speaker states that it is just clouds. One speaker notes something looks like ice below water, but it is hard to see.

Push. Proceed to 321. Thanks, Houston. Prepare for thrust in 30 seconds. Maintain altitude at 1500 feet. All systems look good.

The Blackbird is a supersonic reconnaissance aircraft that can reach Mach 3.3, three times the speed of sound. As it flies, air compresses and creates intense shockwaves, heating the fuselage up to 18 degrees Celsius. This heat can cause small fuel leaks after takeoff that disappear at cruising temperature. Developed in the 1960s, the SR-71 was too fast for any missile to catch. It had a weak radar signature and could fly above 25,000 meters, scanning ground areas while avoiding radar detection. This advanced technology allowed the SR-71 to serve for over 20 years without ever being shot down.

Booster's aligning with the tower. We're ready for touchdown. Switching to three engines. Get ready for impact!

Celebrating 250 years, the United States Army parachute team, the Golden Knights, are descending at over 120 miles an hour. They are using flexible wing gliders to maintain their formation. The Golden Knights open their main canopy simultaneously to negotiate the softest possible landing. The Golden Knights are the finest parachuting team in the world.

The crew capsule deploys guide parachutes, followed by the main parachutes. This cushions the landing, resulting in a soft touchdown despite appearances. The capsule kicks up dust upon landing. The crew is congratulated and welcomed back to Earth.

Welcome aboard our spacious, air-conditioned jet clipper. Experience near-silent, vibration-free travel at near sonic speeds. Enjoy delicious food prepared in 5-minute ovens in our four galleys. The cabin lighting changes from dawn to night, enhancing the mood. The captain announces clear weather in London at 64 degrees. Thank you for flying with us. We hope to see you again soon.

New Shepard has cleared the tower and begun throttle down for queue limiting. Engine response looks good. The vehicle has passed through max q, maximum dynamic pressure. This is when the stresses between the atmosphere and speed are at their maximum. The BE-3 engine is firing.

In this video, the speaker interrupts the footage to show a flyout in Google Earth. They point out the curvature of the Earth along the flight path and how the land appears from the horizon. The speaker mentions the aspect ratio and some curvature in the transverse direction. They scroll to show the mountains in Navajo Nation Land and mention the 14,000-foot mountains of Colorado. The video will continue with infrared clips.

Airships have mooring stations where people can board from the front. The inside of an airship is mostly hollow with elevators and a top floor promenade for sightseeing. The Hindenburg, for example, could carry over 1000 passengers with accommodations for all classes. While not as fast as jets, airships are faster than boats, allowing for a two-day Atlantic crossing in style. There were multiple kitchens on board for meals and beautiful views. The speaker also mentions an interesting map of the Hindenburg and hints at the interiors of military airships.

The speaker asks if they have to compensate for a cougar trick during the flight of descent, to which the other person says no. They then ask if they have to slow down or speed up when landing east to west, and the response is that it depends on the wind. The speaker asks for clarification on what they mean by "depends on wind," and the other person explains that it's a function of ground skid. The speaker asks if they have to slow down or speed up due to Earth's motion when landing east or west, and the response is no. They discuss how Earth's motion doesn't affect landing and that they don't compensate for the curvature of the Earth. The conversation ends with a friendly exchange.

Some personal and military planes can fly in the stratosphere, which ranges from 13,000 to over 70,000 feet, depending on location. Injecting chemicals into the stratosphere can have a cooling impact, as seen after volcanic eruptions. However, low-level planes are also spraying chemicals, including pesticides, with the U.S. Air Force having a dedicated unit for this. They use chemicals like Dibron/Naled, an organophosphate banned in the EU, for mosquito control, even over residential areas, while avoiding bald eagle nests. The technology used is from Battelle, a defense contractor, and their patent lists capabilities to spray antibiotics, anti-cancer agents, vaccines, DNA fragments, and even morphine.

Speaker 0 asks if the descent in the air is straight or if there is a dip. Speaker 1 confirms it is straight but suggests a slight adjustment with the nose. Speaker 1 then asks if there is any curvature while up in the air, to which Speaker 0 replies no, it's all flat. Speaker 2 confirms that the pilot believes the Earth is flat. Speaker 2 questions the speed of the ground's movement and its relation to landing direction, but Speaker 0 and Speaker 1 dismiss it, stating that the ground appears still. Speaker 2 mentions the possibility of seeing landmarks from Kansas, but Speaker 0 explains visibility depends on weather conditions. Speaker 1 interrupts to ask if they adjust for curvature while flying, and Speaker 0 replies that they fly slightly over a curved surface.