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Einar Tangen, senior fellow at the TAIHE Institute and CIGI, discusses China’s shifting international diplomacy, including recent high-profile meetings involving Xi Jinping. He argues Beijing has studied Donald Trump closely after Trump’s first election, finding that his behavior is transactional and that China needs a “formula” for handling him. He says China has decided to be “somewhat firm” because attempts to be nice to Trump can lead to mocking and personal affronts, citing examples such as Zelensky. He also emphasizes that China must manage not only Trump but also the rest of the world’s repeated question—“What is China going to do?”—and he argues China is not seeking a toe-to-toe military confrontation with the United States because it would risk war, including nuclear war, and would drain resources from society.
Tangen describes how China frames the issue through “red lines” and a claim that there is a path to dealing with Trump, alongside messaging such as security for all countries not dependent on others’ insecurity, each country’s right to development, and respect for sovereignty. He further argues China believes an appropriate endpoint for dealing with the current global system is outlasting it and leading by example through action rather than relying on messaging.
He then turns to the question of how the United States arrived at Trump, arguing Trump is a symptom of a system dedicated to “anti-democratic democracy,” rather than an instigator that changed everything by himself. He traces what he calls structural changes back to the Powell Doctrine of the 1970s, which he says outlined that the American public cannot be trusted and that businesses should become aggressive in taking control of media and courts, fighting consumer protection, labor laws, and universities. He connects these developments to corporate influence in politics, arguing it increased money in elections and allowed corporations to back candidates with “as much money as they want.” He then links this to foreign policy shifts, including a “Clean Break Doctrine” associated with Richard Pearl, which he says emphasizes that Israel should dominate or decimate rather than pursue diplomacy.
Tangen adds a third element through what he describes as Eldridge Colby’s 2021 strategy, “Strategy for Denial,” claiming it proposes denying China access to trade routes by controlling choke points (such as major canals and straits) and denying access to energy by intercepting or preventing distribution of what China produces. He presents these as a “blueprint” connecting domestic political control, exported logic into foreign policy, and foreign plus economic policy together.
He also argues that changes in corporate leadership—from longstanding business families to “hired help” professionals—removed local community ties and oriented companies around profit-and-loss spreadsheets focused on maximizing shareholder value and bonuses, which he says helped shift aims and objectives. He describes this broader environment as producing a “world where there’s no empathy,” where civilian and prisoner killings are justified by cause, and where he claims “no heroes” exist because the approach relies on dehumanization and absence of empathy.
To illustrate China’s approach and the global South perspective, he cites Belt and Road Initiative investment exceeding $1.3 trillion since around 2015, and discusses what he calls “dead trap diplomacy” claims about Sri Lanka’s Hambantota port. He says Hambantota port expanded cargo handling by 175%, requiring tens of millions of dollars in further expansion due to insufficient capacity, and argues there is typically a ramp-up period before profitability in ports. He connects this to his view that China expects skepticism but responds through continued performance rather than persuasion, noting that China “has given up” on quickly convincing critics and instead tries to convince “by action.”
Tangen also argues that addressing U.S.-Israel-Iran escalation cannot be handled by China alone and requires overwhelming international coordination. He proposes that if countries do not trade with parties pursuing escalation, “all three of your economies will literally collapse,” describing this as peer pressure in an interconnected world. He further says the United Nations is “useless” due to veto power and argues a broader governance initiative may be needed.
He describes the current global environment as containing “more than 80 conflicts,” with a crisis affecting a large share of energy and food through downstream impacts. He argues maximalist positions persist because there is no trust and parties feel the other side will not concede. He says that without an endgame, leaders rely on hate and refusal to talk, which he says increases the likelihood of war.
In discussing media and political dynamics in the West, Tangen and the other speaker argue that rationality is being condemned and that opponents are treated as inherently evil—casting diplomacy as appeasement and making it difficult to restart negotiations. They also discuss censorship, harassment, intimidation, cancellations, and sanctions directed at academics and media figures who argue for adjustment to new realities. He describes discourse as shifting toward personalized accusations and lists examples of delegitimization through claims such as “apologist,” “propaganda,” or extremist labels.
Tangen emphasizes that security competition shapes the debate: recognizing an opponent’s security concerns is treated as taking their side, which he argues prevents resolution. He says historical patterns—Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya—are associated with narratives that conflict would end rapidly with prosperity, concluding instead with “a trail of tears.” He argues there is no endgame when parties refuse to talk on moral grounds, and he hopes economics and trade can help reopen pathways toward negotiation, referencing the idea that after long periods of war, states often shift when they become economically constrained.
The conversation ends with Tangen and Einar Tangen agreeing to stop there, with Tangen thanking him and expressing hope for continued rational debate about where the world is heading.