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In November 1917, British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour sent a letter to Lord Rothschild, expressing the British government's support for a Jewish home in Palestine. The letter, known as the Balfour Declaration, was addressed to Walter Rothschild because the Zionist movement originated in Eastern Europe, and the British government felt the Rothschild family should be the recipient.
The declaration stated the government favored establishing a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine, while ensuring the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities and the rights of Jews in other countries were not prejudiced.
Dorothy, Lord Rothschild's cousin, played a crucial role by connecting Chaim Weizmann with the British establishment and advising him on how to integrate into British society. Correspondence between Dorothy and James, along with letters between Dorothy and Weizmann, reveal her significant contributions to the Zionist movement.