TruthArchive.ai - Tweets Saved By @DavidCranmerUn1
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Tommy D'Alesandro strongly supported the Bergson Group. Hillel Kook's rescue group's activism was the major factor in establishment of the War Refugee Board and that it was an instrument rescuing approximately 200,000, partly by means of the Raoul Wallenberg mission. https://t.co/DnyZXaqDPt
@straussanator - Andrew Strauss
Me cheering my friends picking the brunch spot I wanted the whole time and orchestrated behind the scenes to make happen https://t.co/Oy6EG16LC7
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Charles Jocelyn Hambro joined his family bank J.C. Hambro & Sons, playing a large part in its merger with Wallenbergs' British Bank of Northern Commerce in 1920, with the combined bank taking the name Hambros Bank in 1921. In 1928, when only 30, Hambro was elected a director of
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
the Bank of England, and between 1932 and 1933 he put all work outside the bank to one side to work on establishing the bank's exchange control division under the direction of Montagu C. Norman, the Bank of England director. In 1937 Hambro was asked to succeed Norman as https://t.co/7fGZW0Fy1n
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director, but he turned it down as he was suffering from oral cancer. Norman was a close friend of the German Central Bank President Hjalmar Schacht, who served in Hitler's government as President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics between 1934 and 1937. Norman was
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
also so close to the Schacht family that he was godfather to one of Schacht's grandchildren. Both were members of the Anglo-German Fellowship and the Bank for International Settlements. In October 1925, Montagu Norman envisaged the creation of what he described in
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
September 1925 as "a private and eclectic Central Banks' 'Club', small at first, larger in the future." That vision had a first materialization at a meeting in early July 1927 which brought together Montagu, his friend Benjamin Strong, head of the Federal Reserve Bank of
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
New York, Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht, and Bank of France vice governor Charles Rist at a private home on Long Island (the Bank of Italy had hoped for an invitation but was not included). A deadline for French repayment of its bilateral debt to the United States
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
provided impetus for a new initiative, which took the form of a Committee of Experts appointed to work out a final settlement of the German reparations, known as the Young Committeefor its chairman the American banker Owen D. Young. The committee first met at the Bank of France
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
on 9 February 1929, then on 28 successive sessions ending on 7 June 1929 at the Hotel George V. The first draft concept for the new bank was presented by Belgian banker Émile Francqui on 23 February 1929. In 1896, Émile Francqui became the Belgian consul in Imperial China and https://t.co/uJuwLrrHGs
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stayed there until 1902. In China he met the future American president Herbert Hoover during negotiations concerning the granting of the Hankow-Canton railroad concession in China in 1901. Although they were competitors, they respected each other very much and became friends. https://t.co/f9VNglXcE5
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Francqui returned to Belgium in 1902, and began a financial career. He became the managing director of the Banque d'Outremer, and managing director of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK). Ten years after his return to Belgium, he became Director of the https://t.co/NN1TVtprMp
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Société Générale de Belgique, and in 1932 became its Governor. During World War I he was President of the Belgian Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation (National Aid and Food Committee, abbreviated to CNSA). During World War I, Herbert Hoover in the United States set https://t.co/hDTLt01GUt
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
up the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB) to support the CNSA abroad. The future king, Leopold III, requested Francqui take steps to improve the health of the population Belgian Congo, leading to the foundation Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine in 1931 of which https://t.co/S6Dmzm2d1w
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Francqui served as first President. Peter Piot and his colleagues at the institute were the first to demonstrate that AIDS was a tropical African disease. ITM has been recognized by the World Health Organizationas a reference centre for AIDS research. ITM also is a national and https://t.co/Z2zVSKObDA
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
international reference centre for a series of diseases and pathogens (such as the Ebola virus). Piot and other scientists called for the emergency release of the experimental ZMapp vaccine for use on humans before it had undergone clinical testing on humans. That year, he was
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
appointed by Director General Margaret Chan to the World Health Organization's Advisory Group on the Ebola Virus Disease Response, co-chaired by Sam Zaramba and David L. Heymann. He also chaired an independent panel convened by Harvard Global Health Institute and the
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine into the national and international response to the epidemic, which sharply criticised the response of the WHO and put forward ten recommendations for the body's reorganisation. In February 2020, he criticised the delay in declaring
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
the 2019–20 novel coronavirus outbreak focused on Hubei, China, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, and advocated a five-point scale for outbreaks, rather the current binary (emergency/no emergency) system. https://t.co/TMMEm4nIQj
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
In 1931, amidst the high rates of bank failure, deflation, and unemployment that characterized the Great Depression in the United States, Federal Reserve board member Eugene Meyer proposed the establishment of a government agency empowered to make loans to banks and businesses https://t.co/H8fXtFecoX
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
in critical sectors of the US economy. Modeled after the War Finance Corporation, a government corporation that financially supported industries critical to the war effort during World War I, its purpose would be to stimulate economic growth in the United States and restore
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
public confidence in banking and the economy. It would replace the National Credit Corporation, an agency created in 1931 to restore the liquidity of banks on the brink of failure with loans funded by the interbank lending market. On January 22, 1932, the
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act was signed into law by President Herbert Hoover after being passed by Congress with broad bipartisan support. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) began its operations on February2, 1932. Like the Federal Reserve, the RFC would
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
loan to banks, but it was designed to serve state-chartered banks and small banks in rural areas that were not part of the Federal Reserve System. Another distinction was that the RFC could make loans on the basis of collateral that the Federal Reserve and other lenders would not
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accept. The related Banking Act of 1932, signed on February 27, broadened the Federal Reserve's lending powers, and gave it the power to make national policy to mitigate the problems with the economy. Eugene Meyer, who had pushed for both pieces of legislation, after heading up
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
an organization similar to the RFC during World War I, was a governor of the Federal Reserve, and chairman of the Board of the RFC. Essentially, the RFC was the "discount lending" arm of the Federal Reserve. In 1929, Meyer made an offer of $5 million for The Washington Post, but https://t.co/TrV5N6vT5C
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
he was rebuffed. In June 1933, he bought the paper at a bankruptcy auction for $825,000, the paper having been ruined by its spendthrift socialite owner Ned McLean, and by the Great Depression. Meyer had resigned as Fed chairman just three weeks earlier, and he had no https://t.co/krDYaRZbCD
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
experience in the publishing business. But he was prepared to bid up to $2 million for the Post, far more than the other bidders, including William Randolph Hearst. Preferring to remain anonymous, Meyer stayed home from the proceedings. After weeks of speculation when even his
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daughter Katharine did not know the buyer's name, it was finally revealed in newspapers around the country on June 13. Her grandfather was Marc Eugene Meyer, and her great-grandfather was rabbi Joseph Newmark. On June 5, 1940, Kay Meyer was married to Philip Graham, a graduate https://t.co/o50HIZAQyV
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of Harvard Law School and a clerk for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter. They had a daughter, Lally Morris Weymouth, and three sons: Donald Edward Graham (born 1945), William Welsh Graham (1948-2017) and Stephen Meyer Graham (born 1952). One half brother, Bob Graham, was https://t.co/jojazqrQev
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a former governor of the state of Florida(1979–1987) and a former United States Senator representing Florida from 1987 to 2005. On the morning of September 11, 2001, Porter Goss and Bob Graham were having breakfast with Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) General https://t.co/tFZ5W5MufN
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Mahmud Ahmed. Ahmad's network had ties to Osama bin Laden and directly funded, supported, and trained the Taliban. Ahmad was forced to retire from his commission when his involvement surfaced in alleged financing of the Hamburg cell led by Mohamed Atta, an al-Qaeda operative https://t.co/e8uBSD2lMz
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in 2000-01. On the morning of Sept. 12, the deputy secretary of state, Dick Armitage, told Mahmood that Pakistan had to make a choice "you are either 100 percent with us or 100 percent against us—there is no gray area." Mahmood expressed willingness to cooperate, however https://t.co/eRZ89BI9aD
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
in the afternoon, he told George Tenet, the CIA director, that Mullah Omar, the Taliban chief, was a religious man not a man of violence. On September 16, Musharraf sent a delegation to the Taliban with the mission to convince them to hand over Osama bin Laden which included https://t.co/CzCNaMyHvz
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Lieutenant General Mahmood, and other religious figures. It was learned later that mission actually encouraged Mullah Omar to start a jihad against the US if it attacked Afghanistan. https://t.co/is3cyHp6DE
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
In 1954, Zapata Off-Shore Company was formed as a subsidiary of Zapata Oil, with Bush as president of the new company. He raised some startup money from Eugene Meyer, publisher of the Washington Post, and his son-in-law, Philip Graham. https://t.co/Q8gjbOdc9Y
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
In 1960, Jorge Díaz Serrano of Mexico was put in touch with George H.W. Bush by Dresser Industries. Dresser was owned by Prescott Bush's Yale friends Roland and W. Averell Harriman, and had been George H.W. Bush's first employer upon his graduation from Yale, giving him his
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
start in both the oil business and the defense contractor business. Davey O'Brien resigned from the FBI in 1950 and went to work for H. L. Hunt in land development. O'Brien later entered the oil business, working for Dresser Industries of Dallas and was an adviser to Lamar Hunt https://t.co/30k7E5pZOC
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
during the founding of the American Football League. I. B. Hale was best friends with Heisman winner Davey O'Brien. Hale became chief of security for the Convair aircraft factory and General Dynamics, and was a chairman of ASIS International. https://t.co/pMvbzNIvvq
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
General Dynamics purchased Convair from the Atlas Group in March 1953. The sale was approved by government oversight with the provision that GD would continue to operate out of Air Force Plant 4 in Fort Worth, Texas. From 1955 to 1960, General Dynamics hired Erik Nitsche as a https://t.co/3q2QPo02Hj
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
graphic designer to develop designs for corporate reports and advertising material including the "Atoms for Peace" series of posters for the 1955 International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland. These designs have become iconic examples of https://t.co/UgmL0c4lRY
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the mid-century modernist graphic design style. Nitsche was also a consultant to the Museum of Modern Art's department of design and to Standard Oil of New Jersey in the 1950s and 60s. In the book Private Empire by Steve Coll, ExxonMobil is described as extremely https://t.co/RkD6YQfGov
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
powerful "corporate state within the American state" in dealing with the countries in which it drills, going to the point as describing such countries' governments as "constrained". The company's corporate ancestors are also blamed for the outbreak of the 1954 Jebel Akhdar War, https://t.co/TXWOyc3eHE
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which was sparked by the Iraq Petroleum Company's activities. Coll (right) with Richard N. Haass, President of the Council on Foreign Relations On 31 July 1928, the Red Line Agreement was signed between Anglo-Persian Company (later renamed British Petroleum), Royal Dutch/Shell, https://t.co/TOAdjkmUOU
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Compagnie Française des Pétroles (later renamed Total), Near East Development Corporation (later renamed ExxonMobil) and Calouste Gulbenkian (an Armenian businessman) to collectively produce oil in the post-Ottoman Empire region, which included the Arabian peninsula, with each of
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
the four major companies holding 23.75 percent of the shares while Calouste Gulbenkian held the remaining 5 percent shares. The agreement stipulated that none of the signatories was allowed to pursue the establishment of oil concessions within the agreed on area without including
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
the other stakeholders, yet other oil companies that were not part of the agreement had the opportunity of pursuing oil concessions individually, which ensued Standard Oil Company of California (later renamed Chevron) to win an oil concession with Saudi Arabia in 1933.
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
In the following year, 1929, the members of the agreement established Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC). Declassified information by the British National Archives later revealed that the British government deliberately destroyed Aflaj irrigation systems and crops by air strikes in
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
order to prevent locals in the interior of Oman from gathering crops and denying them access to water supplies. Furthermore, these documents reveal that the British Foreign Secretary gave the approval on 4 August 1957 to carry out air strikes without prior warning to the locals
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
residing in the interior of Oman. The ban on visas for the press by the sultan and the ability of the British government to carry out air strikes discreetly using Masirah Airfield helped in sustaining the military operations under low profile. On 29 July 1957, the
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
House of Commons debated the Jebel Akhdar War under the title "Muscat and Oman". Kaiser production began in Israel in 1951. By 1956, Kaiser-Frazer was responsible for 28% of Israeli exports. The factory built Kaiser-Frazer products, along with Mack trucks, under license. By
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
the end of the 1950s, the operation was known as Kaiser-Ilin, named after Efraim Ilin, the Israeli entrepreneur who had negotiated the Haifa plant deal with Hickman Price Jr., the nephew of Joseph P. Frazer. In 1938 Efraim Ilin was drafted by Avraham Stern to volunteer in the https://t.co/C8b9zSRTD0
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Irgun. Hillel Kook led the Irgun's efforts in the United States during World War II to promote Zionism and mainly to save the abandoned Jews of Europe during the Holocaust. His rescue group's activism was the main factor leading to President Roosevelt establishing the https://t.co/XCqI5wLqtD
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
US War Refugee Board, which protected and rescued tens of thousands and possibly many more, partly via the Wallenberg mission. In 1937, Kook began his career as an international spokesperson for the Irgun and Revisionist Zionism. He first went to Poland, where he was involved
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in fundraising and establishing Irgun cells in Eastern Europe. It was there that he met the founder of the Revisionist movement, Ze'ev Jabotinsky, and became friends with his son Ari. At the founders' request, Kook traveled to the United States with Jabotinsky in 1940, where he
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
soon served as the head of the Irgun and revisionist mission in America, following the elder's death in August. This assignment was clandestine, and Kook publicly denied he was affiliated with the Irgun many times while in America. While in America, Kook led a group of Irgun
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
activists under the pseudonym "Peter Bergson." The name "Bergson Group" or "Bergsonites" eventually became used to refer to all the members of Kook's immediate circle. The Bergson Group was composed of a hard-core cadre of ten Irgun activists from Europe, America and Palestine,
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
including Aryeh Ben-Eliezer, Yitzhak Ben-Ami, Alexander Rafaeli, Shmuel Merlin, and Eri Jabotinsky. The Bergson Group was closely involved with various Jewish and Zionistadvocacy groups, such as the American Friends for a Jewish Palestine and the Organizing Committee of
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Illegal Immigration. The group also founded some separate initiatives of its own, specifically the Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews, whose goal was the formation of an Allied fighting force of stateless and Palestinian Jews. Some credit the later
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
formation of the Jewish Brigade, a British unit of Palestinian Jews, with Kook's activism. Two American members of the Bergson Group were author and screenwriter Ben Hecht and cartoonist Arthur Szyk. In 1946 Kook received a letter from Menachem Begin, who had become chief of the
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Irgun in 1943. Begin admonished Kook for various policy positions that strayed from the official Irgun party-line. These included Kook focusing on the transportation of illegal immigrants to Palestine instead of a "primary" assignment - arms shipments to Irgun fighters, as well
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as a (rather common) usage of the term "Palestine". At the time Kook was in the habit of saying "Palestine Free State", which Begin thought left too much potential for bi-nationalism. Begin demanded that Kook refer to the future Jewish state as the "Free State of Eretz Israel".
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Czechoslovakia sold arms to Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The deliveries from Czechoslovakia proved important for the establishment of Israel. Jan Masaryk personally signed the first contract on 14 January 1948. In late February 1948, the
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Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), with Soviet backing, assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia through a coup d'état. The event alarmed Western countries and helped spur quick adoption of the Marshall Plan, the creation of a state in
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West Germany, paramilitary measures to keep communists out of power in France, Greece and especially Italy, and steps toward mutual security that would, in little over a year, result in the establishment of NATO and the definitive drawing of the Iron Curtain until the Revolutions
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of 1989. On 10 March 1948, Jan Masaryk was found dead, dressed only in his pajamas, in the courtyard of the Foreign Ministry (the Černín Palace in Prague) below his bathroom window. Robert Maxwell's contacts with Czechoslovak communist leaders in 1948 as crucial to the https://t.co/fTHz5lWihL
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Czechoslovak decision to arm Israel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Montagu Norman knowingly authorized the transfer of Czech gold from Czechoslovakia's No. 2 account with the Bank for International Settlements to the No. 17 account, which Norman was aware was managed by the https://t.co/jaspiqZAEO
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German Reichsbank. Within ten days the money had been transferred to other accounts. In the fall of 1939, two months after the outbreak of World War II, Norman again supported transfers of Czech gold to Hitler's Germany. Under pressure from Rothschild and Vickers, https://t.co/soI4ZawDdF
@DavidCranmerUn1 - David Cranmer Underdown
Thorsten Nordenfelt merged with Maxim's in 1888 to form the Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company. Two years later, a bankrupt Nordenfelt was forced out of the company. One of the most notorious sales by Basil Zaharoff was that of the Nordenfelt I, a faulty steam-driven https://t.co/8v1xN7Ko3o
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submarine model based on a design by the English inventor and clergyman George Garrett, which US Navy intelligence characterized as capable of "dangerous and eccentric movements." Nathan Rothschild retained a substantial shareholding in the new Maxim-Nordenfelt combine https://t.co/Nv4RwlTjvQ
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and ‘exerted a direct influence over its management’. Nathan Rothschild also funded Cecil Rhodes in the development of the British South Africa Company and the De Beers diamond conglomerate. He later administered Rhodes' estate after Rhodes' death in 1902 and helped to set up https://t.co/JX4zpCuanF
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the Rhodes Scholarship scheme at the University of Oxford. He was a prominent member of the Round Table movement, created in 1909. Following his death, the peerage was inherited by his son, Lionel Walter Rothschild. https://t.co/h0bcIYIAZ7
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Oleg Deripaska is a friend of Nat Rothschild, a major investor in both Glencore and United Company RUSAL. Together Deripaska and Rothschild hosted George Osborne and Peter Mandelson on Deripaska's yacht in Corfu in the summer of 2008. Osborne was then Shadow Chancellor of the https://t.co/dsVRNO1X6y
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Exchequer of the United Kingdom and a friend of Rothschild from school and university. Peter Mandelson has reportedly maintained private contacts over several years with Deripaska. In a 25-minute Youtube video (Russian with subtitles), Alexi Navalny shows footage of https://t.co/gnsGMtRArJ
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Oleg Deripaska with Russian deputy prime minister Sergei Prikhodko on his yacht in Norway in August 2016. Navalny bases his allegations on accounts written by a ho, self-described “sex expert” Nastya Rybka, who was allegedly one of several sex workers on the yacht. She filmed https://t.co/1GOpln3GwF
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the trip in an Instagram post, footage of which can be seen in Navalny’s video. In it, Deripaska sits next to Prikhodko and light-heartedly tells Rybka, “We have bad relations with America. Why? Because Sergei Eduardovich’s [Prikhodko] friend is responsible for them. Her https://t.co/KZ4jSkMcnU
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name’s Nuland,” he said, referring to Victoria Nuland, then a senior State department official working on Russia. “Nuland, when she was your age, spent a month on a Russian whaling boat. After that she hates our country.” https://t.co/hYx0nvGhtA
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The Real Reason Why KKR Wants Petraeus On Call “The focus is forward,” David Petraeus told The Wall Street Journal’s Michael Spector, shortly after the KKR appointment was announced. https://forbes.com/sites/georgeanders/2013/05/30/the-real-reason-why-kkr-wants-petraeus-on-call/
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Two months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Micheal Specter hosted a meeting at the Milken Institute School of Public Health titled "Universal Flu Vaccine" (dated October 29, 2019) with Anthony Fauci and several other government officials. In this meeting, Specter asked the https://t.co/01jRrOBfMB
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attendees about the prospect of "disrupting" egg-based flu vaccine production with newer technologies. Although later debunked by Reuters, rumors spread through social media, using clips from this meeting taken out of context as evidence, that Specter and Fauci collaborated to https://t.co/1U0Q88cUrh
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produce a new influenza virus (in some versions of the rumor, SARS‑CoV‑2) to compel governments to adopt a universal mandate for flu vaccination. The timing of the meeting, along with soundbites of Specter asking whether we must "blow the system up" (in reference to traditional https://t.co/dmWQuhQPeK
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vaccine manufacturing vs developing newer manufacturing methods) or to create an "entity of excitement" and "make influenza sexy" in order to revive government funding, may have contributed to the virality of this rumor. Michael Specter’s 2009 book, Denialism: How Irrational https://t.co/F78iUDP0GH
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Thinking Hinders Scientific Progress, Harms the Planet, and Threatens Our Lives, explores the ways in which people in the United States and Europe have increasingly rejected scientific truths, backed by impressive data. Specter’s original audiobook, Higher Animals: Vaccines,
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Synthetic Biology and the Future of Life, was published by Pushkin Industries in March 2023. Pushkin Industries is an American publisher of podcasts and audiobooks. It was co-founded in 2018 by Malcolm Gladwell and Jacob Weisberg. Jacob Weisberg graduated from Yale University
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in 1986, where he worked for the Yale Daily News. When a junior, he was offered membership in Skull and Bones by then lieutenant governor of Massachusetts John Kerry. But he declined the offer, citing the club's exclusion of women and lack of interest in getting his butthole https://t.co/c6v8jp3kFS
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fingerblasted. His brother is former CIA officer and television writer and producer Joe Weisberg. Joe Weisberg is best known as the creator and showrunner of the FX TV series The Americans. Peter Strzok as a counterintelligence agent had tried hard to stay out of the public https://t.co/muST36hlIN
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eye. Strzok relates the story of howas a relatively junior agent in Boston on September 11, 2001, he and his partner located the car in the Logan Airport parking garage left behind by the hijackers, and then how, as news crews descended on the scene, he had to step behind a https://t.co/3xFj8oVC0k
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concrete pillar to hide his face. Even then, his day job was tracking Russian spies, surveilling and watching two of what would later be exposed as “the Illegals,” the deep-cover Russian intelligence officers living ordinary lives in the United States that would inspire the https://t.co/DzYDswimrn
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hit FX TV show, The Americans. Sergei Skripal settled in the United Kingdom in 2010 following the Illegals Programme spy swap. Boris Karpichkov alleged that Christopher Steele himself was included in a hit list of the Russian Federal Security Service, along with Sergei Skripal https://t.co/1yxZTq8rn9
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who was poisoned in 2018 by a binary chemical weapon Novichok in Britain. Boris Karpichkov - his former name - alleges he received death threats after his new name and address were given to the Latvian authorities by the UK's law enforcement agency. A London coroner ruled that https://t.co/QJ6tqTNlAx
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businessman Nikolai Glushkov was strangled in his London home in March 2018. A dog lead was wrapped around his neck to simulate the appearance of a suicide. In March 2014, a coroner recorded an open verdict on Russian tycoon Boris Berezovsky, who died in March 2013. He was found https://t.co/GN7IWNNRN1
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in the bathroom of his Berkshire mansion with a ligature around his neck In 1994, Boris Berezovsky was the target of a car bombing incident, but survived the assassination attempt, in which his driver was killed and he himself was injured. Alexander Litvinenko led the FSB https://t.co/CowbwlvccG
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investigation into the incident. After Gazprom-Media took over "Media Most" in 2000, Gazprom-Media received Filipp Bobkov's entire former KGB 5th directorate (Political police) including all of its employees which was in the thousands, its database and the Bobkov founded
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security service that was accused of attempting an assassination in 1994 of Boris Berezovsky. Micheal Caputo was employed by a Moscow-headquartered subsidiary of Gazprom, Gazprom-Media. He was contracted by Gazprom in 2000 to work for Russian leader Vladimir Putin. https://t.co/CinEPOhaXL
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Henry Greenberg, who the Post said sometimes went by the name Henry Oknyansky, had difficulties with the American immigration system, and spent two years in the custody of immigration services before returning to Russia. In 2015 court filings related to his immigration status https://t.co/4zIeajk2mC
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cited by Roger Stone and Micheal Caputo, Henry Greenberg claimed that he worked as an FBI informant for 17 years. The meeting with Roger Stone reportedly took place a few weeks after former Trump campaign foreign policy adviser George Papadopoulos was told about Russian dirt on https://t.co/KtVa4aCtcD
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Hillary Clinton. Peter W. Smith, a wealthy Republican operative and businessman who reportedly attempted to recover missing emails from Hillary Clinton's email server committed suicide in May 2017, according to the Chicago Tribune. On May 4, 2017. Peter W. Smith had told
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Wall Street Journal reporter Shane Harris about his efforts to secure emails that were deleted from Clinton's server, which included contact with what he believed were Russian hackers. He had previously helped fund opposition research against President Bill Clinton in the 1990s. https://t.co/S3Ojc9VpN8
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Shane Harris is currently an ASU Future of War Fellow at New America Foundation. New America was founded in 1999 by Ted Halstead, Sherle Schwenninger, Michael Lind, and Walter Russell Mead as the New America Foundation. James Fallows was the original chairman of https://t.co/NIMS5epJNR
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New America's board of directors. Eric “Totally Soundproofed Fuckpad” Schmidt, former Executive Chairman of Google and Alphabet Inc, served as chairman of New America's Board from 2008 to 2016. Shortly after founding New America, Ted Halstead and Michael Lind co-authored https://t.co/cRw50MPMes
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"The Radical Center: The Future of American Politics," which Senator John McCain described as “A political manifesto worthy of the Information Age.” Richard Fontaine, a former McCain national security aide who is now chief executive officer at the Center for New American https://t.co/66ob3OdxXU
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Security, said John McCain’s ``amigos’’ believed that “when the U.S. could act for the betterment of people, it should act ... rather than trying to keep our nose out of things.” It was former Army Gen. David Petraeus who called McCain’s group the “three amigos” as the senators https://t.co/arAXHOtYTO
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made frequent visits to Afghanistan and Iraq. They became the chief proponents of the troop increase that Bush proposed in 2006 and that Democrats and some Republicans derided as prolonging the unpopular war in Iraq. In 2019, Richard Fontaine was named the
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Center for a New American Security (CNAS) CEO, succeeding Victoria “Fuck the EU” Nuland. Other CNAS advisors have included John Nagl, David Kilcullen, Andrew Exum, Thomas E. Ricks, Robert D. Kaplan, and Marc Lynch. https://t.co/u0tmbH6qqg
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Why Orlando Shooter's Father Was Able to Attend Clinton Rally - ABC News Following the event, the Clinton campaign released a statement regarding Mateen's presence. "The rally was a 3,000-person, open-door event for the public. This individual wasn't https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/orlando-shooters-father-attend-clinton-rally/story?id=41242838
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invited as a guest, and the campaign was unaware of his attendance until after the event." Robby Mook served as campaign manager, and is the first openly gay person to serve in that role in a major presidential campaign Mook graduated from Columbia University in 2002 with a https://t.co/2eOykBgKJj
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Bachelor of Arts in classics. At Columbia, he starred in the 108th Varsity Show, along with Michelle Collins, Brandon Victor Dixon, Lang Fisher, Peter Koechley, Will Graham, Gabe Liedman, and Jenny Slate. Jenny Slate became more widely known as a cast member on the 35th season https://t.co/loZkK1KCg8
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of the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live between 2009 and 2010, followed by subsequent roles in the comedic series Bob's Burgers (2012–present), Parks and Recreation (2013–2015), House of Lies (2013–2015), and Kroll Show (2013–2015). Nick Kroll was born in Rye, https://t.co/dr4ERZzZ2P
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New York, on June 5, 1978, to Lynn and Jules Kroll. In 1972, Jules Kroll established Kroll, Inc., the prototype for a new breed of professional services firms dedicated to mitigating risk. In 2004, Kroll was sold to Marsh & McLennan Companies for $1.9 billion. In 2009, Kroll https://t.co/KOQ9zsC0fJ
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founded two successor firms, Kroll Bond Rating Agency (KBRA) and K2 Intelligence. K2 Intelligence—co-founded with Kroll’s son Jeremy Kroll, who serves as CEO. On September 11, 2001, Jerome Hauer was a national security advisor with the Department of Health and Human Services, https://t.co/dvUEssh8Hd
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and a managing director with Kroll Associates. In December 2012, K2 Intelligence acquired Thacher Associates, which oversaw the cleanup of the World Trade Center site. During a 2013 public corruption case, the Moreland Commission hired K2 Integrity “to search databases for https://t.co/7nZUiwTVAE
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donations linked to the passage of legislation or the awarding of state contracts.” 2013 - Moreland Commission to Investigate Public Corruption, appointed by Governor Andrew Cuomo. Cuomo married Kerry Kennedy, the seventh child of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy, on https://t.co/SN4muqxFsS
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June 9, 1990. In 2013, Robbie Mook left the DCCC and was named the campaign manager of Terry McAuliffe's gubernatorial campaign. McAuliffe joined ZeniMax Media as company advisor in 2000. In 2004, Terry McAuliffe was one of the five-member board of directors of the https://t.co/KxUBs35foE
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Clinton Foundation. In January 2015, Hillary Clinton hired Mook and Joel Benenson as strategists. A group of about 150 young political operatives close to Mook became known as the "Mook Mafia." https://t.co/Mf41ygKVTr
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Hillary Clinton had access to the same technological tools that were used in Barack Obama's presidential campaign of 2012 and 2008. A team of over 50 engineers and developers previously with Google, Facebook, and Twitter was hired. Stephanie Hannon served as chief technology https://t.co/H01eT2P8Rn
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officer, and is the first women to serve in that role in a major presidential campaign. Other campaign staff included John Podesta as campaign chairman, Joel Benenson as chief strategist and pollster, Jennifer Palmieri as communications director, and Amanda Renteria as political
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director. Longtime Clinton aide Huma Abedin was the vice chairwoman of the campaign, and continued in the role she has long played for Clinton as traveling chief of staff and "body woman". In 2009, Huma Abedin was appointed deputy chief of staff to Clinton in the https://t.co/RSOZG8l9Q7
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State Department. After returning from maternity leave in June 2012, she left her position as Clinton's deputy chief of staff and became a special Government employee, a consultant role; this status allowed Abedin to work for private clients as a consultant while also serving as https://t.co/J2I1VmlY58
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an adviser to the Secretary of State. Under this arrangement, she did consultant work for Teneo. Teneo was founded in June 2011 by Declan Kelly, Paul Keary, and Doug Band. Tony Blair and Bill Clinton were both announced as members of Teneo's advisory board, with Clinton later https://t.co/f22RJLxYqS
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becoming a client and paid advisor to Teneo and its founders. In September 2020, it was disclosed that Teneo had provided strategic counsel and stakeholder outreach for LetterOne, an international investment firm whose founders included Mikhail Fridman and Petr Aven. https://t.co/XC3MVVlJsI
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In October 1994, Aven met Alfa Group's Mikhail Fridman, and soon became an Alfa-Bank shareholder serving as a member of the supervisory board of the Alfa Group Consortium. From 1994 until June 2011, he served as the president of Alfa-Bank Russia. In 2012, the Alfa Group together
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with Viktor Vekselberg of Renova Group and Leonard Blavatnik of Access Industries sold their aggregate 50% stake in TNK-BP to state-owned Rosneft for $28 billion. In June 2022, Teneo acquired a majority stake in Washington, D.C.-based strategy and communications company https://t.co/xQ7FfQYfg0
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WestExec Advisors, which follows a minority stake taken by Teneo in 2021. WestExec Advisors will continue to operate as an independent brand. WestExec Advisors LLC is a consulting firm founded in 2017 by Antony Blinken, Michèle Flournoy, Sergio Aguirre, and Nitin Chadda https://t.co/c16uxEQGKN
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In 2007, Michèle Flournoy co-founded the Center for a New American Security. On his second tour in Afghanistan, Matt Pottinger met U.S. Army General Michael T. Flynn, with whom he co-wrote a report, published in January 2010 through the Center for a New American Security. https://t.co/nsjgZmDYAB
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The report was titled Fixing Intel: A Blueprint for Making Intelligence Relevant in Afghanistan. CNAS was formerly led by CEO Victoria Nuland, who serves as Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs in the Biden administration's State Department. The CNAS U.S.-India
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Initiative is co-chaired by CNAS Board of Directors members Richard Armitage, former Deputy Secretary of State, and Ambassador R. Nicholas Burns, former Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. Several associates who fought alongside Armitage and other politicians https://t.co/ukDq4ZN9ZC
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(including Ted Shackley) have claimed that Armitage was associated with the CIA's clandestine Phoenix Program. Armitage was involved with heroin smuggling from southeast Asia to fund covert activities in South America. He and Ted Shackley were reported to be directly https://t.co/NhdEscjEpJ
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responsible for the Iran Contra Scandal. In 1998, Armitage signed a letter to President Bill Clinton urging Clinton to target the removal of Saddam Hussein's regime from power in Iraq. It stated that Saddam's massive violations of the cease-fire that had ended the
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First Gulf War has caused erosion of the Gulf War Coalition's containment policy. It also raised the possibility that Iraq, emboldened by Western inaction, might re-develop weapons of mass destruction. Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, in an interview with CBS News https://t.co/e370BZvHNg
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60 Minutes on September 21, 2006, alleged that Armitage called an Inter-Services Intelligence general immediately after the September 11, 2001 attacks and threatened to "bomb the country [Pakistan] back to the Stone Age" unless they supported the U.S.-led fight against Islamic
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terrorism. In August 2001, Porter Goss, Senator Bob Graham (D-FL), and Senator Jon Kyl (R-AZ) visited Islamabad, Pakistan. Meetings were held with President Pervez Musharraf and with Pakistan's military and intelligence officials including the head of Pakistan's
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Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) General Mahmud Ahmed, as well as with the Afghan ambassador to Pakistan, Abdul Salam Zaeef. On the morning of September 11, 2001, Goss and Graham were having breakfast with General Ahmad. Ahmad's network had ties to Osama bin Laden and directly
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funded, supported, and trained the Taliban. On the morning of Sept. 12, 2001 the deputy secretary of state, Richard Armitage, told Mahmood that Pakistan had to make a choice "you are either 100 percent with us or 100 percent against us—there is no gray area."
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Mahmood expressed willingness to cooperate, however in the afternoon, he told George Tenet, the CIA director, that Mullah Omar, the Taliban chief, was a religious man not a man of violence. In 1999, George Tenet put forward a grand "The Plan" for dealing with al-Qaeda.
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In preparation, Tenet selected new leadership for the CIA's Counterterrorist Center (CTC). He placed Cofer Black in charge of the CTC, and Richard Blee (a "top-flight executive" from Tenet's own suite) in charge of the CTC's Bin Laden unit. From 2005 to 2008, Cofer Black was
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Vice Chairman of Blackwater USA (later renamed Blackwater Worldwide, then Xe, and finally Academi). A merger between Triple Canopy and Academi, along with other companies that were part of the Constellis Group package, are now all gathered under the Constellis Holdings, Inc.
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In September 2016, Constellis was bought by Apollo. Apollo, originally referred to as Apollo Advisors, was founded after the collapse of Drexel Burnham Lambert in 1990 by Leon Black, the former head of Drexel's mergers and acquisitions department, along with Josh Harris and https://t.co/kLwE8HDJg5
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Marc Rowan. Leon Black is a son of Eli M. Black (1921–1975), a Jewish businessman who emigrated from Poland as a child (surname, "Blachowitz") and was known for owning and being chairman of the United Brands Company. In 1952, the government of Guatemala began expropriating
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unused United Fruit Company land to landless peasants. The company responded by intensively lobbying the U.S. government to intervene and mounting a misinformation campaign to portray the Guatemalan government as communist. In 1954, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency deposed https://t.co/38yhlwRN1u
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the government of Guatemala, elected in 1950, and installed a pro-business military dictatorship. During World War II, Edward Bernays advised the Office of War Information, as well as the Army and Navy. The United Fruit Company (today's Chiquita Brands International) hired
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Bernays in the early 1940s for the purpose of promoting banana sales within the United States, which he did by linking bananas to good health and to American interests and by placing them strategically in the hands of celebrities, in hotels, and other conspicuous places. Bernays
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also argued that United Fruit needed to put a positive spin on the banana-growing countries themselves, and for this purpose created a front group called the Middle America Information Bureau, which supplied information to journalists and academics. In June, 1954, the
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U.S. Central Intelligence Agency effected a coup d'état code-named Operation PBSuccess. The CIA backed a minimal military force, fronted by Carlos Castillo Armas, with a psychological warfare campaign to portray military defeat as a foregone conclusion. During the coup itself,
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Bernays was the primary supplier of information for the international newswires Associated Press, United Press International, and the International News Service. Several figures in Eisenhower's administration, including Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and his brother
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CIA Director Allen Dulles, had close ties to the United Fruit Company. The Dulles brothers had been partners of the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, and in that capacity had arranged several deals for the UFC. Undersecretary of State Walter Bedell Smith would later become a
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director of the company, while Eisenhower's personal assistant Ann C. Whitman was the wife of UFC public relations director Edward Whitman. Walter Bedell Smith served as president and chairman of the board of the Associated Missile Products Company and AMF Atomics Incorporated,
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vice chairman of American Machine and Foundry (AMF) and a director of RCA and Corning Incorporated. In the late 1950s, AMF won a contract for designing and constructing "a small 1 MW swimming pool-type reactor" at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Israel, which for a short
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time helped the Israelis conceal the fact that they were also building the Negev Nuclear Research Center for military purposes elsewhere in the country with French assistance. Noted American modernist architect Philip Johnson designed the Soreq center's building in 1956.
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In 1930, Philip Johnson became the first director of the architecture department of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. In 1934, Johnson resigned his position at the museum, and, as the New York Times reported in his obituary, "took a bizarre and, he later conceded, deeply
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mistaken detour into right-wing politics, suspending his career to work on behalf of Gov. Huey P. Long of Louisiana and later the radio priest Father Charles Coughlin, and expressing more than passing admiration for Hitler." Philip Johnson’s partner of 45 year was David Whitney.
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David Whitney was also a close friend of Andy Warhol. During the 1960s, Warhol also groomed a retinue of bohemian and counterculture eccentrics upon whom he bestowed the designation "superstars", including Nico, Joe Dallesandro, Edie Sedgwick, Viva, Ultra Violet, Holly Woodlawn,
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Jackie Curtis, and Candy Darling. On June 3, 1968, radical feminist writer Valerie Solanas shot Warhol and Mario Amaya, art critic and curator, at Warhol's studio, The Factory. Solanas graduated from high school on time and earned a degree in psychology from the
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University of Maryland, College Park, where she was in the Psi Chi Honor Society. Solanas attended the University of Minnesota's Graduate School of Psychology, where she worked in the animal research laboratory, before dropping out and moving to attend Berkeley for a few
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courses. It was during this time that she began writing the SCUM Manifesto. SCUM Manifesto is a radical feminist manifesto by Valerie Solanas, published in 1967. It argues that men have ruined the world, and that it is up to women to fix it. To achieve this goal, it suggests https://t.co/tcBM048UIf
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the formation of SCUM, an organization dedicated to overthrowing society and eliminating the male sex. The SCUM Manifesto has been described as a satire or parody, especially due to its parallels with Freud's theory of femininity, though this has been disputed, even by Solanas
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herself.
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Solanas rejects Freud's theory of penis envy, and argues that men have "pussy envy". Solanas then accuses men of turning the world into a "shitpile" and presents a long list of grievances. An ad placed by Solanas in The Village Voice, April 27, 1967 https://t.co/bC0sc0kmbA
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The Village Voice was launched by Ed Fancher, Dan Wolf, and Norman Mailer on October 26, 1955, from a two-bedroom apartment in Greenwich Village; that was its initial coverage area, which expanded to other parts of the city by the 1960s. In 1960, it moved from
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22 Greenwich Avenue to 61 Christopher Street in a landmark triangular corner building adjoining Sheridan Square, and a few feet west of the Stonewall Inn. For more than 40 years, Wayne Barrett was the newspaper's muckraker, covering New York real estate developers and
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politicians, including Donald Trump. Wayne Barrett began reporting on Trump in the late 1970s and did 10 hours of taped interviews with Trump while the Grand Hyatt New York was under construction; his two-part series led to the impaneling of a federal grand jury in the
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Eastern District in Brooklyn against Trump. Donald Trump's Trump Organization and the Pritzker family's Hyatt hotel chain entered a formal agreement in May 1975, making a joint offer to purchase the Commodore. Then-mayor Abraham Beame had proposed a tax abatement in
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January 1976 to encourage commercial and industrial development in New York City. Beame and Trump's father Fred Trump had a longtime political connection, and Beame's deputy mayor Stanley Friedman championed the tax-abatement program, even as the city experienced the worst
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fiscal crisis in its history. In 1978, Stanley M. Friedman became a law partner to Roy Cohn. In 1965, Abraham Beame was the Democratic nominee for mayor of New York City. Edward N. Costikyan was his campaign manager and James Farley his campaign chair. Despite having
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Senator Robert F. Kennedy's strong support, Beame lost to the Republican nominee, John Lindsay. Beame became the 104th mayor of New York City in 1973. The opening of the mammoth World Trade Center complex in 1972, however, was one of the few high points of the city's history at
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that time. Conceived by David Rockefeller and built by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey on the site of the Radio Row electronics district in Lower Manhattan, the Twin Towers displaced the Empire State Building in Midtown as the world's tallest building; it was
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displaced in turn by Chicago's Sears Tower in 1973. In February 1975, New York City entered a serious fiscal crisis. Under mayor Abraham Beame, the city had run out of money to pay for normal operating expenses, was unable to borrow more, and faced the prospect of defaulting on
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its obligations and declaring bankruptcy. The first solution proposed was the Municipal Assistance Corporation, which tried to pool the city's money and refinance its heavy debts. It was established on June 10, 1975, with Felix Rohatyn as chairman, and a board of nine prominent
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citizens, eight of whom were bankers. In the meanwhile, the crisis continued to worsen, with the admitted city deficit reaching $750 million; municipal bonds could be sold only at a significant loss to the underwriters. While at Lazard, Felix Rohatyn brokered numerous major
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mergers and acquisitions, notably on behalf of International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), where he became a director in 1966. In 2006 Rohatyn joined Lehman Brothers as a senior advisor to chairman Dick Fuld. On January 27, 2010, Rohatyn announced his return to Lazard as
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special advisor to the chairman and chief executive officer, after a short role at Rothschild. Best known is the MAC created for New York City during the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis. The corporation was born of a recommendation made by a special panel composed of
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Simon H. Rifkind, Felix G. Rohatyn, Richard M. Shinn and Donald B. Smiley. The majority of appointees to the corporation’s board were made by the Governor, initially by New York Governor Hugh Carey. Members of the MAC included Donna Shalala, later the United States Secretary of
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Health and Human Services. From 1993 to 2001, Shalala served as the 18th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton. Shalala served as HHS secretary for all eight years of the Clinton administration, becoming the nation's longest-serving
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HHS secretary. She is the first Lebanese-American to serve in a Cabinet position. Shalala served as president of the University of Miami from 2001 through 2015, and also taught at the university during that period. She was president of the Clinton Foundation from 2015 to 2017.
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The origins of the Clinton Foundation go back to 1997, when then-president Bill Clinton was focused mostly on fundraising for the future Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock, Arkansas. He founded the William J. Clinton Foundation in 2001, following the completion of his
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presidency. Longtime Clinton advisor Bruce Lindsey became the CEO in 2004. Later, Lindsey moved from being CEO to being chair, largely for health reasons. Other Clinton hands who played an important early role included Doug Band and Ira Magaziner. Additional Clinton associates
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who have had senior positions at the foundation include John Podesta and Laura Graham. In 2016, Reuters reported that the Clinton Foundation suspected that it had been the target of a cyber security breach. As a consequence of the suspected cyber security breach,
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Clinton Foundation officials retained a security firm, FireEye, to evaluate its data systems. The cyber security breach has been described as sharing similarities with cyberattacks that targeted other institutions, such as the Democratic National Committee. FireEye was founded
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in 2004 by Ashar Aziz, a former Sun Microsystems engineer. Ashar Aziz was born in Karachi in 1959 and grew up in Islamabad, Pakistan. Aziz's father, Asghar Butt, was a journalist, writer and playwright, who served as the deputy editor of the Pakistani broadsheet The Nation.
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Nawa-i-Waqt by Majid Nizami Trust first came out on March 23, 1940, as a fortnightly periodical. It passionately supported the All India Muslim League. In those days it had a pro-American and anti-communist stance. The editors were Afaq Hussain Johar, a student of
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Islamia College, and Shabbar Hasan, a student of King Edward Medical University. They were influenced by a nationalist periodical Aligarh Opinion, which was launched by Syed Sibte Hassan, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and Dr. Ashraf who were close friends of Dr. Shabbar Hasan.
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After the Partition of India and the establishment of Pakistan, the All-India Muslim League was formally disbanded in India. The League was officially succeeded by the Pakistan Muslim League, which eventually split into several political parties. In October 1958, the Army seized
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power and the martial law regime of Muhammad Ayub Khan banned all political parties. This was the end of the old Muslim League. Ayub won the elections and was re-elected for a second term. In 1967, disapproval of price hikes of food prompted demonstrations across the country led
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by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Following protests in East Pakistan, Ayub resigned in March 1969 and appointed Yahya Khan. Later, fighting a brief illness, he died in 1974. In March 1971, Khan ordered Operation Searchlight in an effort to suppress Bengali nationalism. This led to the
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Bangladesh Liberation War in March 1971. Yahya Khan was central to the perpetration of Bangladesh genocide, in which around 300,000–3,000,000 Bengalis were killed, and between 200,000 to 400,000 women were raped. In December 1971, Pakistan carried out pre-emptive strikes against
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the Bengali-allied Indian Army, culminating in the start of the Third India–Pakistan War. The wars resulted in the surrender of Pakistan, and East Pakistan seceded as Bangladesh. After Pakistan's surrender, Khan resigned from the military command and transferred the presidency
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to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto played an integral role in initiating the country's nuclear program. On 5 July 1977, Bhutto was deposed in a military coup by his appointed army chief Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, before being controversially tried and executed by the Supreme Court of https://t.co/113uTtEFH5
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Pakistan in 1979 for authorising the murder of a political opponent, Muhammad Ahmad Kasuri. In early 1977, Bhutto decided to use ISI to provide the credible intelligence on Iraqi nuclear program that Pakistan and the ISI had secretly gained. The government passed intel that
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identified Iraqi nuclear program and the Osirak Nuclear Reactor at Osirak to Israel's Mossad. Helping Israel to infiltrate Iraqi nuclear program was also continued by General Zia-ul-Haq as their policy to teach Iraq and Saddam Hussein a lesson for supporting the
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Baloch liberation fronts and movements. The Baghdad Nuclear Research Facility adjacent to the Tuwaitha "Yellow Cake Factory" or Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center contains the remains of nuclear reactors bombed by Iran in 1980, Israel in 1981 and the United States in 1991.
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Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the facility was heavily looted by hundreds of Iraqis, though it is unclear what was taken. Tuwaitha was protected by American forces and administered by contractors from the Raytheon Corporation. In 1922, two former Tufts University
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School of Engineering, roommates Laurence K. Marshall and Vannevar Bush, along with scientist Charles G. Smith, founded the American Appliance Company in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1925, the company changed its name to Raytheon Manufacturing Company. During WW2, Raytheon was
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a contractor for the mass-production of the newly invented miniature shock-resistant vacuum tubes used in proximity fuses. During the September 11 attacks of 2001, Raytheon had an office in the South Tower of the World Trade Center on the 91st floor. Their office, being 6 floors
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above where United Airlines Flight 175 collided with the building, was spared from the immediate collision, but was utterly destroyed in the subsequent collapse of the South Tower. In April 2020, Raytheon merged with United Technologies Corporation to form Raytheon Technologies.
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The United Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer formed by the break-up of United Aircraft and Transport Corporation in 1934. In 1975, the company became United Technologies. The United Aircraft and Transport Corporation was broken up on September 26, 1934,
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as a result of this new law. The corporation's airline interests went on to become United Airlines. Its manufacturing interests east of the Mississippi River—Pratt & Whitney, Chance Vought, and Sikorsky—remained together as the new United Aircraft Corporation, headquartered in
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Hartford with Frederick Rentschler, founder of Pratt & Whitney, as president. All manufacturing interests west of the Mississippi became part of a revived Boeing Aircraft. William Boeing was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Marie M. Ortmann, from Vienna, Austria, and
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Wilhelm Böing (1846–1890) from Hohenlimburg, Germany. In 1921, Boeing married Bertha Marie Potter Paschall (1891–1977). She had previously been married to Nathaniel Paschall, a real estate broker with whom she had two sons, Nathaniel "Nat" Paschall Jr. and Cranston Paschall.
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The couple had a son of their own, William E. Boeing Jr. (1922–2015). Bertha Boeing was the daughter of Howard Cranston Potter and Alice Kershaw Potter. Through her father, she was a descendant of the founders of Alex. Brown & Sons merchant bankers Alexander Brown, James Brown,
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and Brown's son-in-law and partner Howard Potter; and through her mother, the granddaughter of Charles James Kershaw and Mary Leavenworth Kershaw (a descendant of Henry Leavenworth). In 1859, at the invitation of his father-in-law James Brown, Howard Potter entered the firm of
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Brown Brothers & Company, becoming a partner in 1861. Potter was active in the merchant banking houses of Brown Bros. & Co. and Brown, Shipley & Co., the British wing of the Brown banking business. At the time of his death, he was the head of Brown Shipley in London.
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In 1931, Brown Bros. merged with Harriman Brothers & Company to become Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., one of the oldest and largest partnership banks in the United States. After spending time in Europe, Montagu Norman joined Martins Bank, where his father was a partner, in 1892,
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Brown, Shipley & Co., where his maternal grandfather was a partner, in 1894, and Brown Bros. & Co. of New York, in 1895. He became a partner in Brown Shipley in 1900 before leaving for South Africa, and retired from them in 1915. Norman was a close friend of the German Central
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Bank President Hjalmar Schacht, who served in Hitler's government as President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics between 1934 and 1937. Norman was also so close to the Schacht family that he was godfather to one of Schacht's grandchildren. Both were members of the
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Anglo-German Fellowship and the Bank for International Settlements. Norman knowingly authorized the transfer of Czech gold from Czechoslovakia's No. 2 account with the Bank for International Settlements to the No. 17 account, which Norman was aware was managed by the German
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Brad Raffensperger - Wikipedia A recording of an hour-long phone call between President Donald Trump, Raffensperger, and several other state and federal officials on January 2, 2021, was obtained by The Washington Post and released the following day. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Raffensperger
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On the call, Trump pressured Raffensperger to change the election results for the state of Georgia to make him the winner; Trump told Raffensperger, "I just want to find 11,780 votes." Raffensperger repeatedly rebuffed Trump's attempts to pressure him. Journalist Carl Bernstein,
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who in 1972 broke the Watergate scandal with Bob Woodward leading to the resignation of President Richard Nixon, called the Trump–Raffensperger scandal "far worse than Watergate" and said that in any other presidency it would result in impeachment, conviction, and bipartisan
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demands for the president's resignation. According to journalist Bob Woodward, Stan Pottinger was the only person who discovered the true identity of Watergate source Deep Throat. While some House Republicans tried to defend Trump's Georgia call, Democrats began drafting a https://t.co/CS0EnTnrRq
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censure resolution. On January 6, 2021, days after the call, a pro-Trump mob attacked the Capitol while the Congress was counting the electoral votes to formalize Biden's victory. The U.S. House of Representatives impeached Trump for incitement of insurrection. The article of
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impeachment adopted by the House notes the Raffensperger call, stating: "President Trump's conduct on January 6, 2021, followed his prior efforts to subvert and obstruct the certification of the results of the 2020 Presidential election. Raffensperger testified in public https://t.co/NHNXpmW5mp
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hearings before the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack on June 21, 2022. In September 2019, newly installed National Security Advisor Robert C. O'Brien named Matt Pottinger Deputy National Security Advisor. Pottinger submitted his resignation on https://t.co/XYms8MH2iJ
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January 6, 2021, following the U.S. Capitol attack in which supporters of President Donald Trump invaded the U.S. Capitol building to halt the certification of President-elect Joe Biden's lawful electoral college victory. https://t.co/a8GTpXyuNZ
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Georgia’s Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger received death threats over his handling of the 2020 election, but he’s found a fan in Arnold Schwarzenegger. “We are big admirers of yours, and you will go down in history for being a good guy, a good public servant,” the actor https://t.co/B06eWDPFgq
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and former California governor told Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger on a Zoom call Tuesday. The call was organized by the USC Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. In 2012, Arnold Schwarzenegger https://t.co/OtjbPW78OD
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helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California. Following the January 6 United States Capitol attack by supporters of President Donald Trump, https://t.co/TNTIPufdm1
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Schwarzenegger posted a video address on social media in which he likened the insurrection to Nazi Germany's Kristallnacht, which he described as "a night of rampage against the Jews carried out [by] the Nazi equivalent of the Proud Boys." The USC Sol Price School of Public https://t.co/UUeSoM4t0m
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Policy (USC Price), previously known as School of Policy, Planning, and Development (SPPD), is the public policy school of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles & Sacramento, California. Urban planning classes were first delivered at USC in Fall of 1921 by https://t.co/6UzJ8nNA62
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Gordon Whitnall, who was instrumental in founding the Planning Commission of the City of Los Angeles. In 1929, the USC School of Citizenship and Public Administration opened its doors, becoming one of only two programs of its kind in the nation. The school did not resemble very https://t.co/m0oat9StqD
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much the larger complex school it is today, but it contained the seeds of what is currently the modern USC Price. In 1971, the Irvine Foundation gave its first USC grant to establish an endowed chair in urban and regional planning. James Harvey Irvine, Sr. (1867–1947), son of
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James Irvine I and Henrietta Maria (Nettie) Rice, was born October 16, 1867, in San Francisco. He was the grandson of Harvey Rice. The Irvine Company traces its history to a 185-square-mile ranch founded by James Irvine I, Benjamin and Thomas Flint, and Llewellyn Bixby in 1864
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by combining three adjoining Mexican land grants. The Irish-born Irvine met Collis Huntington, soon to become one of the Central Pacific Railroad (CPR) magnates, on a trip across the Atlantic. Rather than cementing a friendship, a disagreement that lasted throughout their lives
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resulted. When Huntington's Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) needed Irvine's land for its route between Orange County and San Diego, Irvine refused. When SP crews began laying tracks on Irvine land without permission, ranch hands with shotguns confronted the crews.
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Eventually, Irvine gave the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway permission to build on his ranch. Collis Potter Huntington (October 22, 1821 – August 13, 1900) was an American industrialist and railway magnate. He was one of the Big Four of western railroading (along with
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Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who invested in Theodore Judah's idea to build the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Huntington helped lead and develop other major interstate lines, such as the
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Southern Pacific Railroad and the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (C&O), which he was recruited to help complete. Huntington negotiated in Washington, D.C., with Grenville Dodge, who was supervising railroad construction from the East, over where the railroads should meet. They
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completed their agreement in April 1869, deciding to meet at Promontory Summit, Utah. On May 10, 1869, at Promontory, the tracks of the Central Pacific Railroad joined with the tracks of the Union Pacific Railroad, and America had a transcontinental railroad. The joining was
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celebrated by the driving of the golden spike, provided for the occasion as a gift to the CPRR by San Francisco banker and merchant David Hewes. Grenville Mellen Dodge (April 12, 1831 – January 3, 1916) was a Union Army officer on the frontier and a pioneering figure in military https://t.co/ofUBbPsEuw
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intelligence during the Civil War, who served as Ulysses S. Grant's intelligence chief in the Western Theater. During the war, Grenville Mellon Dodge provided information to Thomas Clark Durant who consequently made a fortune smuggling contraband cotton from the
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Confederate States to fund his intelligence efforts. Thomas Clark Durant (February 6, 1820 – October 5, 1885) was an American physician, businessman, and financier. He was vice-president of the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) in 1869 when it met with the Central Pacific railroad https://t.co/AN8RS7Ymij
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at Promontory Summit in Utah Territory. He created the financial structure that led to the Crédit Mobilier scandal. He was interested in hotels in the Adirondacks and once owned the yacht Idler. Durant and entrepreneur George Francis Train joined in March 1864 to form a
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business venture to buy out the Pennsylvania Fiscal Agency, changing its name to Crédit Mobilier. Durant was married to Hannah Heloise Trimble. They had two children: William West Durant, who became an architect, and Héloïse Durant Rose (c.1853–1943).
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William West Durant befriended industrialist Collis P. Huntington, who would prove instrumental in advancing William's fortunes, lending William over $200,000 using the Adirondack Land holdings as collateral. In 1895, William and his wife initiated divorce proceedings against one
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another. William sold Pine Knot to Huntington and J.P. Morgan bought Camp Uncas. Knollwood Club is an Adirondack Great Camp on Shingle Bay, Lower Saranac Lake, near the village of Saranac Lake, New York, USA. Knollwood Club was built for six friends: Elias Asiel (Asiel & Co.),
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George Blumenthal (Lazard Freres), Max Nathan, Abram M. Stein, Daniel Guggenheim (American Smelting and Refining), and Louis Marshall. The choice of Lower Saranac Lake as the site was determined in part by the growing anti-Semitism in America in that period. In 1877,
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Joseph Seligman was involved in the most publicized anti-Semitic incident in American history up to that point, being denied entry into the Grand Union Hotel in Saratoga Springs, New York, despite having been a regular guest previously. William West Durant owned much of the land
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bordering the Saranac Lakes, and was more than willing to sell to any and all buyers. Arriving in the United States at age 18, Joesph Seligman initially settled in Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, where he went to work as a cashier and clerk for Asa Packer, who would later become a
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United States congressman. In the 1850s, Franklin Hughes Delano (July 27, 1813 – December 23, 1893), along with his brother Warren Delano and Asa Packer (the builder of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and founder of Lehigh University), headed a land company that purchased several
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thousand acres and established the town of Delano, Pennsylvania. Warren Delano Jr. (July 13, 1809 – January 17, 1898) was an American merchant and drug smuggler who made a large fortune smuggling illegal opium into China. He was the maternal grandfather of U.S. President https://t.co/yHyRhgNqtv
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Delano first went to China at age 24 to work for Russell & Company, which had pioneered trading with China. Samuel Russell was born on August 25, 1789, in Middletown, Connecticut. He was a son of Capt. John Russell and Abigail (née Warner) Russell.
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He was a cousin of William Huntington Russell, a co-founder of the Skull and Bones Secret Society at Yale University. During his time at Amherst, Alphonso Taft and Samuel Colt stole a cannon belonging to General Ebenezer Mattoon and shot it at their school. Taft entered
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Yale College in 1829 and he graduated four years later in 1833. Taft helped create the secret society known as Skull and Bones in 1832 with William Huntington Russell. Alphonso Taft formed a law firm with Thomas Marshall Key and William M. Dickson in April 1854.
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William Huntington Russell was a strong abolitionist and a friend of John Brown. Russell was named as a trustee in the will of John Brown. The so-called Secret Six, or the Secret Committee of Six, were a group of men who secretly funded the 1859 raid on Harper's Ferry by https://t.co/VNBZRK0oza
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abolitionist John Brown. In January 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect, a celebration, also called a "John Brown party", was held at the home of George Stearns, attended by Sam and Julia Ward Howe, Frank Sanborn, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Wendell Phillips, and
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John Murray Forbes. John Murray Forbes (February 23, 1813 – October 12, 1898) was president of both the Michigan Central railroad and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad in the 1850s. He kept doing business with Russell & Company. Forbes's many philanthropic activities
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included the re-establishment of Milton Academy, a preparatory school south of Boston, Massachusetts in 1884. Matt Pottinger was educated at Milton Academy and was a schoolmate and childhood friend of John Avlon. https://t.co/k1tCJa1Lvf
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On his second tour in Afghanistan, Matt Pottinger met U.S. Army General Michael T. Flynn, with whom he co-wrote a report. The report, published in January 2010 through the Center for a New American Security, was titled Fixing Intel: A Blueprint for Making Intelligence Relevant https://t.co/NOVdDjbfof
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in Afghanistan. The Center for a New American Security (CNAS) is a Washington, D.C. based think tank founded in 2007 by Michèle Flournoy and Kurt M. Campbell. Michèle Flournoy is a co-founder and the current managing partner of WestExec Advisors. https://t.co/hNpJe59gXK
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Teneo is a public relations and advisory company. Teneo was founded in June 2011 by Declan Kelly, Paul Keary, and Doug Band. In June 2022, Teneo acquired a majority stake in Washington, D.C.-based strategy and communications company WestExec Advisors, which follows a minority
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stake taken by Teneo in 2021. WestExec Advisors will continue to operate as an independent brand. Teneo is known for hiring top-level former politicians as senior advisors, including Huma Abedin at the time she was the top advisor to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; former https://t.co/YjF2piSS4k
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Speaker of the House Paul Ryan; former Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell; and former Senator Chris Dodd, a top advisor to President Joe Biden. https://t.co/R3UoG4XLUU
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Doug Band was the "key architect" of the Clinton post-presidency and he created the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI). Band negotiated with the Obama Administration to appoint then-Senator Hillary Clinton to become Secretary of State. https://t.co/y30xdL2vBE
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Located on East 65th Street, the property served as home to David Rockefeller, the onetime chief executive of Chase Manhattan Bank, and his wife, Peggy Rockefeller, for almost seven decades. The price on the 9,777-square-foot abode was cut to $27 million by October and the https://t.co/Y6gs7DXdIh
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property went into contract in February 2018. Alas, it ended up selling for just $20 million, to the highly nondescript 146 East 65, LLC. The new owner of the grand eight-bedroom home has finally been revealed and it’s none other than President Bill Clinton’s former advisor, https://t.co/L4g8UEaBHT
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Doug Band, according to the Wall Street Journal. Band helped setup and advised President Clinton's personal office and the Clinton Global Initiative and advised the William J. Clinton Foundation in its formative years. According to attorney Gerald B. Lefcourt, Jeff Epstein was https://t.co/fEnEyCE3L7
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"part of the original group that conceived of the Clinton Global Initiative". Doug Band created and built the Clinton Global Initiative. Jeff Epstein co-organized a science event with illusionist and skeptic Al Seckel called the Mindshift Conference In 2007, Isabel Maxwell https://t.co/DxK03NH62D
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married Al Seckel. During the late 1990s, Al Seckel collected the papers of a number of early molecular biologists (including Rosalind Franklin, Aaron Klug, Max Perutz, Rollin Hotchkiss, and Sven Furberg) for rare-book dealer Jeremy Norman. At the time they were collected, the
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market value of the archive was unknown as many institutions did not have an interest in keeping the archives of scientists. After the Wellcome Trust purchased the papers of Francis Crick in 2001 for $2.4 million, Norman pursued individual sale of the items in his collection
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through Christie's. A lawsuit prevented the individual sale of the items by Norman. Seckel and Norman had a falling out. According to Seckel, the sale was canceled due to his extensive documentation that was brought to the attention of Christie's. Although former colleagues
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and associates of James Watson and Crick attempted to raise the asking price of $3.2 million in an effort to have the collection donated to the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the collection was eventually acquired by molecular biologist J. Craig Venter, with the stated aim of https://t.co/lW722yfusM
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keeping the critical resource available to scholars by housing it at the J. Craig Venter Institute. J. Craig Venter Institute was sold to the University of California, San Diego, in 2022. In 1995, the precursor to the J. Craig Venter Institute, TIGR, determined the sequence of https://t.co/XgmATbc9hp
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Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Methanococcus jannaschii. TIGR developed the gene finder GLIMMER and the sequence alignment program MUMmer. In 2001 anthrax attacks, TIGR worked with the National Science Foundation and the FBI to sequence the strain of
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Bacillus anthracis used in bioterrorism attacks. John McCain suggested on the Late Show with David Letterman that the anthrax may have come from Iraq, and the next week ABC News did a series of reports stating that three or four (depending on the report) sources had https://t.co/RM2JP9qiMW
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identified bentonite as an ingredient in the anthrax preparations, implicating Iraq. Steven Hatfill and his collaborator, SAIC vice president Joseph Soukup, commissioned William C. Patrick III, retired head of the old US bioweapons program (who had also been a mentor of Hatfill) https://t.co/RnZ3ASE3Iu
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to write a report on the possibilities of terrorist anthrax mailing attacks. Barbara Hatch Rosenberg (director of the Federation of American Scientists' biochem weapons working group in 2002) said that the report was commissioned "under a CIA contract to SAIC".
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Nancy Haigwood contacted the Federal Bureau of Investigation in early 2002 after she had suspicions that Bruce Edwards Ivins was behind the 2001 anthrax attacks. In February 2020, Steven Hatfill became an unpaid "volunteer" advisor to White House trade director Peter Navarro on https://t.co/XJdgllR0Fl
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James David Mooney (18 February 1884 – 21 September 1957) was an American engineer and corporate executive at General Motors who played a role in international affairs in the 1930s and early 1940s. https://t.co/CwjxiZsQQQ
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Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Mooney started classes in 1904 at the Case School of Applied Sciences, majoring in mining engineering, but didn’t graduate in the traditional 4 year period. Instead, he went on gold mining expeditions in Mexico and California. From 1910 to 1917 Mooney
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worked at Westinghouse Electric, B. F. Goodrich and the Hyatt Roller Bearing Company, which later became part of General Motors. After the war Mooney was appointed President and General Manager of Delco Remy, a General Motors subsidiary. In 1922, Mooney was made
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President of General Motors Overseas, responsible for operations around the world. Remy's competition was Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (Delco) under the leadership of Charles F. Kettering. Kettering also manufactured ignition equipment and generators. The
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United States Motor Company purchased the two competitors in 1916 and incorporated them into their operations. The companies remained separated until purchased by General Motors two years later. In May 1939, James D. Mooney met Nazi officials in Germany and discussed various
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issues concerning GM's Adam-Opel facility. Mooney arranged for a meeting in London between Helmuth Wohlthat, who was working for Hermann Göring on the Four Year Plan for the German economy, and ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy. Helmuth Wohlthat emigrated to the United States in
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1919 and continued his studies in political science at Columbia University. After his return to Germany in 1932, he entered the civil service and worked briefly in the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture in the Reich Office of Dairy Products, Oils and Fats. Hjalmar Schacht
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brought him into the Reich Ministry of Economics and the Prussian Ministry of Economics and Labor in 1934 as a Generalreferent (General Consultant). After the Nazis seized power on 30 January 1933, the ministry was initially led by Alfred Hugenberg. Coerced into resignation in
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June 1933, Hugenburg was succeeded by Kurt Schmitt (minister of economics) and Walther Darré (minister of food and agriculture). At the start of the Franklin Roosevelt administration in March 1933, Joesph P. Kennedy and future Congressman James Roosevelt II founded
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Somerset Importers, a business entity that acted as the exclusive American agent for Haig & Haig Scotch, Gordon's Dry Gin and Dewar's Scotch. Kennedy kept his Somerset company for years. In addition, Kennedy purchased spirits-importation rights from Schenley Industries.
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In 1934, Congress established the independent Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to end irresponsible market manipulations and dissemination of false information about securities. Joseph P. Kennedy was appointed first SEC Chairman. Kennedy sought out the best lawyers
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available giving him a hard-driving team with a mission for reform. They included William O. Douglas and Abe Fortas, both of whom were later named to the Supreme Court. In 1934, when Father Charles Coughlin began criticizing the New Deal, Roosevelt sent Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and
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Frank Murphy, both prominent Irish Catholics, to try to influence him. Kennedy worked with Roosevelt, Bishop Francis Spellman and Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (the future Pope Pius XII) in a successful effort to get the Vatican to silence Coughlin in 1936. By December 1934,
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Helmuth Wohlthat had been promoted to Ministerial Director, and in 1935 he became the head of the Reich Office for Foreign Exchange Management. In 1937, Helmuth Wohlthat served as the German representative to the London conference that resulted in the 1937 International
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Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling. On 4 February 1938, when the Ministry of Economics was reorganized under Walther Funk, Wohlthat was named Ministerial Director for Special Projects in Hermann Göring's Four-Year Plan, reporting directly to Göring. In March 1933,
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Walter Funk was appointed as a State Secretary (Staatssekretär) at the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda). In the summer of 1936 when Hitler commissioned Albert Speer for the rebuilding of central Berlin,
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it was Funk who proposed his new title of "Inspector-General of Buildings for the Renovation of the Reich Capital". On 5 February 1938, Walter Funk became General Plenipotentiary for Economics (Generalbevollmächtigter für die Wirtschaft), as well as Reichsminister of Economics
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(Reichswirtschaftsminister) permanently replacing Hjalmar Schacht, who had resigned on 26 November 1937. In 1926, Hjalmar Schacht provided funds for the formation of IG Farben. Hjalmar Schacht collaborated with other prominent economists to form the 1929 Young Plan to modify
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the way that war reparations were paid after Germany incurred large foreign debts under the Dawes Plan. Although the Young Plan had effectively reduced Germany's obligations, it was opposed by parts of the political spectrum in Germany. Nationalist parties had been most
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outspoken against reparations and seized on the Young Plan as an issue. A committee was formed of various nationalist groups under the leadership of Alfred Hugenberg, a media baron and head of the German National People's Party. One of the groups that joined was the Nazi Party
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led by Adolf Hitler. Alfred Hugenberg worked in the Prussian civil service and in private business before joining the Krupp steel works where he was chairman of the board of directors from 1909 until 1918. After the war, Hugenberg left Krupp to concentrate on politics and
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building up the media empire that he had started In 1916 when he bought the Scherl publishing house. That purchase was followed by the news agency Telegraphen-Union, numerous newspapers and in 1927 a controlling interest in the Universum-Film-AG (Ufa), a major film producer.
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Universum-Film AG (UFA) was founded as a consolidation of private film companies on December 18, 1917 in Berlin. The company's starting capital was 25 million Reichsmark among the contributors were the German government, the War Ministry and Deutsche Bank. The Board Chairman of
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the new company was Deutsche Bank director Emil Georg von Stauß. UFA's managers made severe miscalculations with regard to two large-scale productions, Nibelungen and Metropolis in 1924-1926. This situation was made even worse as the result of a gag
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contract (the Parufamet agreement) they had entered into in 1925 with the American companies Paramount Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In March 1927, with the company facing bankruptcy, Alfred Hugenberg – Chairman of the German National People's Party and owner of the Scherl-
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Gruppe, a powerful media corporation – bought the company. The new General Director was Ludwig Klitzsch; Hugenberg himself took over the chairmanship of the supervisory board; his deputy was banker Emil Georg von Stauß. A close friend of Hjalmar Schacht, von Stauß had been
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cultivating close links to the Nazi Party since 1930. As well as holding several meetings with Adolf Hitler he also knew Hermann Göring well and provided him with significant funding during the Nazi rise to power. At first, nothing changed in UFA's production policy. In 1928,
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Erich Pommer was replaced as head of production by Ernst Hugo Correll, who led the company through the transition to talking pictures or "talkies". Joesph P. Kennedy Sr. bought controlling shares in Keith-Albee-Orpheum Theaters Corporation (KAO), which had more than
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700 vaudeville theaters across the United States that had begun showing movies. In October 1928, Kennedy formally merged his film companies FBO and KAO to form Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) and made a large amount of money in the process. Kennedy had no interest in vaudeville; he
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just wanted the theaters, which he planned to convert to movie houses for the film booking interests he ran in cooperation with Radio Corporation of America (RCA). As the developer of photophone, a sound system for the new "talkies", RCA needed to forge a connection with
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Hollywood to sell its product. RCA executive David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the company's sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone, and in early 1929 production began under the RKO name (an abbreviation of Radio-Keith-Orpheum). Two years later,
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another Kennedy concern, the Pathé studio, was folded into the operation. By the mid-1940s, RKO was controlled by investor Floyd Odlum. The three other major technologies were the Warner Bros. Vitaphone sound-on-disc system, as well as two "variable-density" sound-on-film
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systems, Lee De Forest's Phonofilm, and Fox-Case's Movietone. In April 1923, the De Forest Radio Telephone & Telegraph Company, which manufactured de Forest's Audions for commercial use, was sold to a group headed by Edward Jewett of Jewett-Paige Motors.
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In 1924, Western Electric was developing both a sound-on-disc system, where the film is synchronized with a phonograph containing the sound, and their own optical sound systems. In the early 1920s, Western Electric was developing both sound-on-film and sound-on-disc systems,
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aided by the purchase of Lee De Forest's Audion amplifier tube in 1913, consequent advances in public address systems, and the first practical condenser microphone, which Western Electric engineer E.C. Wente had created in 1916 and greatly improved in 1922. The business was
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established at Western Electric's Bell Laboratories in New York City and acquired by Warner Bros. The Bell Telephone Laboratories were established in 1925 with Frank Baldwin Jewett as president; he stayed until 1940. He also was chairman of the Board of Directors of
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Bell Laboratories from 1940 to 1944. After a long period of refusing to accept the usage of sound in the company's films, Harry Warner now agreed to use synchronized sound in Warner Bros. shorts, as long as it was used only for background music, Harry then made a visit to
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Western Electric's Bell Laboratories in New York, (which younger brother Sam had earlier visited) and was impressed. One problem that occurred for the Warners, though, was the fact that the high-ups at Western Electric were perceived as anti-Semitic. Sam, though, was able to
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convince the high-ups to sign with the studio after his wife Lina wore a gold cross at a dinner he attended with Western Electric brass. After this, Harry signed a partnership agreement with Western Electric to use Bell Laboratories to test the sound-on-film process.
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On August 20, 1925, the Jewett Radio & Phonograph Company received a license for a new station, WJR. The company also took over WCX, consolidating operations in Pontiac, Michigan, as WJR-WCX on 580 kHz. Father Coughlin made his radio debut on October 17, 1926, speaking over WJR
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via a microphone installed by the station at the altar at the Shrine of the Little Flower. Harry Jewett's wife Mary was something of a spiritualist, and these amulets were purported to have mystical power that protected the occupants. Harry Jewett's estate, once a great
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plantation, has all but vanished. The ruins near Rose City in Northern Lower Michigan are still visible. The Jewett was an automobile built in Detroit, Michigan by the Paige-Detroit Motor Car Company from March 1922 through December 1926. The Jewett was named after
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Harry M. Jewett, president of Paige-Detroit. The company was purchased by the Graham Brothers on January 3, 1927, and the Jewett became a Paige, for that year only. The car was then rebranded as a Graham-Paige. Graham-Paige production ceased in 1940, and its automotive assets
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were acquired by Kaiser-Frazer in 1947. With the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, the Ford Motor Company sought to invest in the new state, and to facilitate the production of a large number of vehicles Israel would need for the military and the government. Ford
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announced plans to build an assembly plant in Israel. When Arab nations got word of Ford’s plans, they announced that if Ford didn't cancel the agreement, they’d boycott it by putting the company on the Arab League’s blacklist. Ford pulled out causing a moment of crisis for the
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Israeli government. While the government was searching for alternatives, Lord Marcus Sieff of London, contacted Efraim Ilin, an Israeli security expert and tycoon, and put him in contact with Hickman Price of Kaiser-Frazer. Exiting the British Army with the rank of colonel,
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Lord Marcus Sieff returned to Marks & Spencer, but was asked in 1948 by the first Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion, to become an adviser on transportation and supplies to the Israeli Defence ministry. Sieff joined the Israel Defense Forces and helped co-ordinate
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Marks & Spencer goods and finances to support the new state. In 1938 Efraim Ilin was drafted by Avraham Stern to volunteer in the Irgun. He worked with Stern and David Raziel who was one of its founding members. In 1948, together with Ehud Avriel, Ilin, who was then living in
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Milan, negotiated a deal with Czechoslovakia to supply arms for the IDF. In 1948 Ilin also negotiated an arms equipment deal with Levi Eshkol and the Yugoslavians on behalf of the Mossad. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) was created by Montagu Norman in the context
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of the Young Plan, on the initiative of a group of American bankers including Owen D. Young, J. P. Morgan Jr., Thomas W. Lamont, S. Parker Gilbert, and Jackson Reynolds, with further elaboration in the spring of 1929 by Owen Young with input from Shepard Morgan,
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Warren Randolph Burgess, Walter W. Stewart as well as Belgian official Émile Francqui and German central banker Hjalmar Schacht. Montagu Norman knowingly authorized the transfer of Czech gold from Czechoslovakia's No. 2 account with the Bank for International Settlements to the
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No. 17 account, which Norman was aware was managed by the German Reichsbank. Within ten days the money had been transferred to other accounts. In the fall of 1939, two months after the outbreak of World War II, Norman again supported transfers of Czech gold to Hitler's Germany.
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From 1933, Max Warburg served on the board of the German Reichsbank with his protégé governor Hjalmar Schacht. Max Warburg married Alice Magnus in 1899, and together they had four daughters (including Lola Helene Nina Hahn-Warburg, who instigated the Kindertransport initiative
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to the United Kingdom) and a son, Eric Warburg (1900–1990), who served during WW2 and was later involved with the OSS, along with founding E.M. Warburg & Co, later known as Warburg Pincus. Warburg Pincus is led by CEO, Charles Kaye, and President, Timothy Geithner.
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Tim Geithner was born in Manhattan, New York, to Peter Franz Geithner and Deborah Moore. His father, a German American, was the director of the Ford Foundation's Asia program in New York during the 1990s, after working for the United States Agency for International Development
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in Zambia and Zimbabwe. During the early 1980s, Geithner's father oversaw the Ford Foundation's microfinance programs in Indonesia being developed by Ann Dunham Soetoro, Barack Obama's mother. His maternal grandfather, Charles Frederick Moore, Jr., served as vice-president of
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public relations for the Ford Motor Company from 1952 to 1964, and advised President Dwight D. Eisenhower, as well as Nelson Rockefeller and George W. Romney, on their respective presidential campaigns. His uncle, Jonathan Moore, served in the departments of Defense, Justice and
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State, as well as in the United Nations. George Mason brought together Nash and the Hudson Motor Car Company to cut costs and strengthen their sales organizations to meet the intense competition from the Big Three. This merger occurred on May 1, 1954 to form
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American Motors Corporation (AMC). Within months after the formation of AMC, George Mason died on October 8, 1954, at age 63 of acute pancreatitis and pneumonia in Detroit, Michigan and was buried in White Chapel Memorial Cemetery. Mason's protégé, AMC Vice President
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George W. Romney, succeeded Mason as Chairman and CEO. One of Romney's first acts was to stop rumors that there were additional merger talks between AMC and Studebaker-Packard Corporation or any automakers. According to Mason's obituary in Time magazine, had AMC and
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Studebaker-Packard joined, it would have resulted in the second largest automaker in the world, behind General Motors. George W. Romney served as chairman and president of American Motors Corporation from 1954 to 1962, the 43rd governor of Michigan from 1963 to 1969, and
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3rd secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1969 to 1973. Initially called the Department of Social Services, Michigan Department of Public Health was created in 1965 and went through several rounds of name changes until 2004, when it was renamed to the
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Department of Human Services. Emergent BioSolutions was founded on September 5, 1998, by Fuad El-Hibri, under the name BioPort, which had formerly operated as a state-owned entity named Michigan Biological Products Institute and was privatized as Emergent BioSolutions in 2004.
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At the time, the Michigan Department of Public Health, though its Michigan Biologics Products Institute, owned an anthrax vaccine manufacturing facility in Lansing, Michigan. Emergent BioSolutions is the manufacturer of the controversial BioThrax vaccine. According to the
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U.S. National Library of Medicine, BioThrax was first made available in 1970. BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed), a vaccine licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Following a study by scientists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on
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December 19, 2008, Emergent received final FDA licensing for use of BioThrax five doses for intramuscular injection. The vaccine efficacy of anthrax vaccine adsorbed in humans was initially established by Philip S. Brachman of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) in a
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controlled study undertaken between 1954 and 1959. The study field sites were four wool-sorting mills in the northeastern United States where employees were sometimes exposed to anthrax spores in the course of their work. Use of anthrax vaccine adsorbed expanded dramatically in
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1991, when the US military, concerned that Iraq possessed anthrax bioweapons, administered it to some 150,000 service members deployed for the Gulf War. In 1995, the Army contracted with the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) to develop a plan to obtain FDA
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approval for a license amendment for anthrax vaccine adsorbed in order to add inhalational anthrax exposure to the product license thus enabling the manufacturer to list on the product license that the vaccine was effective against that form of the disease. There were no
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published studies of anthrax vaccine adsorbed's safety in humans until the advent of the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP). This program, initiated by the Clinton administration and announced by Secretary of Defense William Cohen in 1997, made the vaccine mandatory for
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active duty US service personnel. Vaccinations began in March 1998 with personnel sent to high-risk areas, such as South Korea and Southwest Asia. Also in 1998, MBPI was purchased by BioPort Corporation of Lansing, Michigan (jointly with former MBPI laboratory directors) for
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approximately $24 million. Though the Food and Drug Administration has approved use among veterinarians, laboratory workers, and livestock handlers for 30 years, very few such workers have actually taken it, charged Mark S. Zaid, a lawyer who has represented military personnel
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who refuse the vaccine. Some of Mark Zaid’s cases are well known, such as suing Libya for the 1988 terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which resulted in a $2.7 billion settlement, the largest of its kind against a foreign government for terrorist activities, and obtaining a
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court-ordered injunction in 2004 that effectively shut down the Department of Defense's mandatory anthrax vaccination program for two years. Mark Zaid was a member of the legal team, led by Andrew Bakaj, representing the whistleblower whose complaint against President
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Donald Trump sparked a major political scandal and led to the launching of an impeachment inquiry against the president. Upon graduating law school, Andrew P. Bakaj became a government official with the Department of Defense Office of Inspector General and subsequently the
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Central Intelligence Agency Office of Inspector General. As a student attending The George Washington University, Bakaj interned for three United States Senators: Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Charles Schumer, and Hillary Clinton. Bakaj's internship with Clinton coincided with the
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September 11 attacks, and he worked directly for her foreign policy advisor. President George H. W. Bush appointed Frederick Hitz the first statutory Inspector General of the CIA in 1990. Hitz played a role in the investigation into CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking
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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases - Wikipedia USAMRIID traces its institutional lineage to the early 1950s, when Lt. Col. Abram S. Benenson was appointed as medical liaison officer to the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Research_Institute_of_Infectious_Diseases
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U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (BWL) at Camp (later Fort) Detrick to oversee biomedical defensive problems. Benenson graduated from Cornell Medical School in New York City and interned for 3 years before entering the U.S. Army Medical Corps. Benenson was commanding
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officer, Tropical Research Medical Laboratory in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In early 1932, a letter Cornelius P. Rhoads had written in November 1931, which disparaged Puerto Ricans and makes claims (which he referred to later as jokes) he had intentionally injected cancer cells into
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his patients, was given by a lab assistant to Puerto Rican nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. He publicized the letter in the Puerto Rican and American media, which led to a scandal, an official investigation, and a US whitewashing campaign to protect Rhoads and, by
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extension, Rockefeller interests. While working for the Rockefeller Institute, in 1931 Rhoads was invited by hematologist William B. Castle to join his Rockefeller Anemia Commission, to conduct clinical research at Presbyterian Hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In 1945 Castle
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and the biochemist Linus Pauling traveled together by overnight train from Denver to Chicago. On the train Castle told Pauling about some of the work he had been doing on sickle cell disease and mentioned that when red cells sickled, they changed shape and showed birefringence in
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polarized light. While studying under W. E. Castle, C.C. Little began his work with mice, focusing on inheritance, transplants, and grafts. He also was an assistant dean and secretary to the president. In 1921, he inbred the mouse strain C57BL/6 or "black 6", which is the most
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popular laboratory mouse to date. In 1896, Castle married Clara Sears Bosworth, and they had three sons, one of whom died as a teenager. The others became professors at Harvard, William B. Castle of medicine, and the younger Edward Castle, of plant physiology.
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The Jackson Laboratory was founded by Clarence Cook Little, a former University of Maine and University of Michigan president, in 1929 in Bar Harbor, Maine under the name Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory with the purpose of discovering the causes of cancer and other diseases
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through research on mammals. The campus was built on 13 acres of land donated by George Dorr. Initial funding for the laboratory campus came from Edsel Ford, the son of Henry Ford, and from Roscoe B. Jackson, a one-time head of the Hudson Motor Car Company, for whom the
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institution is named. Funding for the Jackson Laboratory was extremely limited during the Great Depression, but it received one of the first grants from the newly formed National Cancer Institute in 1938. Little energetically developed both the lab and the ACS, and by 1944 they
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were shipping 9000 mice a week to other laboratories. C.C. Little’s last major post, from 1954 to 1969, was as the Scientific Director of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee (renamed Council for Tobacco Research in 1964). In late 2001,
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USAMRIID became the FBI's reference lab for forensic evidence related to the bioterror incident known as "Amerithrax" in which anthrax-laden letters were sent through the US Postal Service, killing 5 people and sickening 17 others. The response by USAMRIID as it interacted with
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the FBI, HHS, DOJ, CIA and the White House is detailed in Richard Preston's 2002 book The Demon in the Freezer. In November 2009, Preston was selected by Harper-Collins and the Michael Crichton estate to complete his unfinished novel Micro after Crichton's death in November
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2008. The book was released on November 22, 2011. Approximately a third of Micro was completed by Crichton. Preston completed the book according to the author's remaining outline, notes, and research.
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Notable USAMRIID scientists: •C. J. Peters, physician and virologist made famous by the best-seller The Hot Zone •Ayaad Assaad, microbiologist and toxicologist •Lisa Hensley, microbiologist; Ebola and smallpox expert •William C. Patrick III, microbiologist,
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former bioweaponeer and UNSCOM inspector •Richard O. Spertzel, microbiologist, veterinarian and UNSCOM inspector •Steven Hatfill, physician, pathologist and former Amerithrax suspect •Bruce Ivins, microbiologist and vaccinologist; identified by the FBI as
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the Amerithrax culprit •Philip M. Zack, microbiologist •Peter Jahrling, a virologist who studied smallpox and ebola C.J.Peters entered active duty in the U.S. Army and from 1977 through 1992 held several positions at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of
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Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, where he worked on biodefense and hazardous virus research. His positions there ranged from research scientist and Medical Division chief to Disease Assessment Division chief. He led the team that controlled a 1989 Ebola
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introduction into a monkey facility in Reston, Virginia (a story recounted in Richard Preston’s best-selling 1994 book The Hot Zone). Since 2000, Peters has been the John Sealy Distinguished University Professor of Tropical and Emerging Virology at the
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University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) at Galveston, where he has an active research program in SARS, Rift Valley fever, and other human pathogens. The Galveston National Laboratory, a Biosafety Level 4 laboratory, opened in 2008 at the University of Texas Medical Branch to
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allow scientists there to work safely with any pathologic agent. Peters expects to transition some projects to higher hazard viral hemorrhagic fevers and to develop projects on other viruses such as tick-borne flaviviruses, highly virulent avian influenza strains, and
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Nipah virus, a new, highly virulent paramyxovirus. In 2020, the United States Department of Education launched an investigation of the Galveston National Laboratory regarding any past interaction with the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Former presidential candidates Jeb Bush and https://t.co/j2ZIbqNpFs
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Mitt Romney respectively called Betsy DeVos an "outstanding pick" and a "smart choice". Betsy DeVos drew widespread media attention during the confirmation hearings for suggesting that guns might have a place in some schools due to a threat from grizzly bears. DeVos's comment
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was later lampooned by television personalities Kate McKinnon on Saturday Night Live. Bari Weiss prefers not to label her sexual orientation but has stated that although she had been married to a man, she is mostly attracted to women. While attending Columbia University, she
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had an on-and-off relationship with comedian Kate McKinnon. In May 2018, Bari Weiss published "Meet the Renegades of the Intellectual Dark Web". This piece profiled a collection of thinkers who share an unorthodox approach to their fields and to the media landscape. Weiss
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collectively described them as the Intellectual Dark Web, borrowing the term from Eric Weinstein, managing director of Thiel Capital. Outlets have commented on and critiqued the label through 2020. Peter Thiel played Dungeons & Dragons, was an avid reader of science fiction,
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with Isaac Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein among his favorite authors, and a fan of J. R. R. Tolkien's works, stating as an adult that he had read The Lord of the Rings over ten times. Six firms (Palantir Technologies, Valar Ventures, Mithril Capital, Lembas LLC, Rivendell LLC and
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Arda Capital) that he founded adopted names originating from Tolkien. Thiel co-founded The Stanford Review, a conservative and libertarian newspaper, in 1987 with funding from Irving Kristol. Irving Kristol co-founded and was co-editor (first with Daniel Bell and then
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Nathan Glazer) of The Public Interest from 1965 to 2002. He was the founder and publisher of The National Interest from 1985 to 2002. Following Ramparts' publication of information showing Central Intelligence Agency funding of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, which was widely
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reported elsewhere, Kristol left in the late 1960s and became affiliated with the American Enterprise Institute. National Affairs is a quarterly magazine in the United States about political affairs that was first published in September 2009. Its founding editor, Yuval Levin,
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and authors are typically considered to be conservative and right-wing. The magazine is published by National Affairs, Inc., which previously published the magazines The National Interest (1985–2001) and The Public Interest (1965–2005). National Affairs, Inc., was originally run
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by Irving Kristol, and featured board members such as former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, former ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick, and author Charles Murray. Charles Murray’s tenure with the Peace Corps ended in 1968, and during the remainder of his
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time in Thailand he worked on an American Institutes for Research (AIR) covert counter-insurgency program for the US military in cooperation with the CIA. John C. Flanagan established American Institutes for Research in 1946. He focused on workforce education research and
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launched Project Talent, a longitudinal study following 400,000 high school students across the U.S. Project Talent informed some of the earliest findings on gender-based wage inequalities and post-traumatic stress disorder among veterans from the Vietnam War. In 2011, AIR
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partnered with the University of Michigan to conduct a pilot follow-up study. Slightly fewer than 4,000 participants—approximately 1 percent of the original sample—received a survey regarding their career, family, and health. During questioning in front of the Digital, Culture,
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Media and Sport Select Committee, Christopher Wylie, the former research director of Cambridge Analytica, said that several meetings had taken place between Palantir and Cambridge Analytica, and that Alexander Nix, the chief executive of SCL, had facilitated their use of
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Aleksandr Kogan's data which had been obtained from his app "thisisyourdigitallife" by mining personal surveys. In 2004, Thiel bankrolled the creation of a prototype by PayPal engineer Nathan Gettings and Stanford University students Joe Lonsdale and Stephen Cohen. That same
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Samuel Goudsmit - Wikipedia Goudsmit was born in The Hague, Netherlands, of Dutch Jewish descent. He was the son of Isaac Goudsmit, a manufacturer of water-closets/crappers, and Marianne Goudsmit-Gompers, who ran a millinery shop. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit
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Goudsmit served as a Professor at the University of Michigan between 1927 and 1946. In 1930 he co-authored a text with Linus Pauling titled The Structure of Line Spectra. Goudsmit was also the scientific head of the Alsos Mission and successfully reached the German group of https://t.co/3u9jvgTh10
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nuclear physicists around Werner Heisenberg and Otto Hahn at Hechingen (then French zone) in advance of the French physicist Yves Rocard, who had previously succeeded in recruiting German scientists to come to France. In 1931, Raoul Wallenberg studied architecture at the https://t.co/fGKChqlViC
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University of Michigan in the United States. Although the Wallenberg family was rich, Raoul worked at odd jobs in his free time and joined other young male students as a passenger rickshaw handler. Raoul Wallenberg returned to Sweden in 1936, securing a job in Stockholm with the https://t.co/sAZOlndF7V
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help of his father's cousin and godfather, Jacob Wallenberg, at the Central European Trading Company, an export-import company trading between Stockholm and central Europe, owned by Kálmán Lauer, a Hungarian Jew. US Treasury Department official Iver C. Olsen was dispatched to
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Stockholm as a representative of the War Refugee Board (WRB) and tasked with putting together a plan to rescue the Jews of Hungary. In addition to his duties with the WRB, Olsen was also secretly employed as the chief of "Currency Operations" for the Stockholm station of the
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Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the United States' wartime espionage service. In search of someone willing and able to go to Budapest to organize a rescue program for the nation's Jews, Olsen established contact with a relief committee composed of many prominent Swedish Jews
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led by the Swedish Chief Rabbi Marcus Ehrenpreis to locate an appropriate person to travel to Budapest under diplomatic cover and lead the rescue operation. One member of the committee was Raoul Wallenberg's business associate Kalman Lauer. Olsen was introduced to
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Raoul Wallenberg by Lauer in June 1944 and came away from the meeting impressed and, shortly thereafter, appointed Wallenberg to lead the mission. The War Refugee Board sent the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, and others to protect the Jews of Budapest. Through the WRB, the
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American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) funded Wallenberg's rescue work there. The work by Wallenberg in Hungary was one of the most successful and important rescue efforts by the War Refugee Board. The JDC was founded in 1914, initially to provide assistance to Jews
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living in Palestine under Turkish rule. The JDC began its efforts to save Jews with a donation of $50,000 from Jacob Schiff. Jacob's father, Moses Schiff, was a broker for the Rothschilds. David Tevele Schiff, became lead rabbi in Great Britain and from 1765 until his death https://t.co/cqJVRh0lFJ
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was acting head of the London Synagogue. Meir Ben Jacob Schiff, another relative, had become renowned as a Talmudic scholar and commentator in the 14th century. Jacob Schiff accepted Abraham Kuhn's invitation to move to NYC in January 1875, bringing to Kuhn, Loeb & Company his
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connections with Sir Ernest Cassel of London, Robert Fleming of Dundee (later of London), and Edouard Noetzlin of the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (Bank of Paris and the Netherlands or Paribas; currently BNP Paribas.). On May 6, 1875, he married Therese Loeb, daughter of https://t.co/ucxAHvXZes
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Solomon Loeb. The couple were the parents of a son, Mortimer L. Schiff and a daughter, Frieda. Mortimer L. Schiff was the father of Dorothy Schiff, who was the owner and publisher of the New York Post from 1939 to 1976. Felix Warburg married Frieda Schiff (1876–1958), daughter https://t.co/KjBFG4LfzT
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of Jacob Henry Schiff (1847–1920) and Therese Loeb Schiff, on March 19, 1895, in New York. David T. Schiff's son Andrew Neman Schiff was married previously to former Vice President Al Gore's daughter, Karenna. American social issues advocate Tipper Gore reportedly co-founded https://t.co/yBrOpU0Uvf
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the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) in 1985 because she witnessed her daughter Karenna, who was 11 years old at the time, listening to "Darling Nikki". Samuel Goudsmit married his first wife, Jaantje Logher, in 1927.[2] They divorced in 1960, and in the same year Goudsmit https://t.co/OqQkdH5F7h
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married Irene Bejach. Like Goudsmit, Irene's father – a German medical doctor and Berlin public health official named Curt Dietrich Bejach – had been murdered during the Holocaust; he was murdered at the Auschwitz concentration camp. Irene and her sister, Helga, left Germany for
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the United Kingdom as children shortly prior to the outbreak of World War II. They were evacuated as part of the Kindertransport programme, and lived for seven years in the family home of Richard and David Attenborough. https://t.co/GPCBussiDZ
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The Kindertransport (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort of children from Nazi-controlled territory that took place during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish
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children from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Free City of Danzig. The term "kindertransport" is sometimes used for the rescue of mainly Jewish children, without their parents, from Nazi Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia to the Netherlands, Belgium, and
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France. An example is the 1,000 Chateau de La Hille children who went to Belgium. In 1923 the Œuvre de secours aux enfants (Children's Aid Society), abbreviated OSE relocated to Berlin, under the symbolic presidency of Albert Einstein. Andrée Salomon, as the OSE delegate to the https://t.co/QTEJYWxhNa
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Gurs and Rivesaltes Concentration Camps, in 1941 started to supervise all the preparations for the emigration of Jewish children from the camps to the U.S.A. Under the leadership of Salomon, OSE did manage to gather together 311 such children in three large groups, many from the
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Gurs internment camp, and arranged for their transit to the United States, with the help of other Organizations. These children travelled by themselves directly to the United States, leaving their parents behind, who were often still in the Gurs internment camp. These children
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are members of that group of Holocaust Child Survivors who are "One Thousand Children." On a brief visit to Czechoslovakia Sir Nicholas Winton helped compile a list of children needing rescue and, returning to Britain. Sir Nicholas Winton worked to fulfill the legal requirements https://t.co/k9OMr1geze
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of bringing the children to Britain and finding homes and sponsors for them. This operation was later known as the Czech Kindertransport (German for "children's transport"). The British press celebrated Winton and dubbed him the "British Schindler". Shortly before Christmas
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1938, Winton was planning to travel to Switzerland for a skiing holiday. Following a call for help from Marie Schmolka and Doreen Warriner, he decided instead to visit Prague and help Martin Blake, who was in Prague as an associate of the British Committee for Refugees from
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Czechoslovakia, then in the process of being occupied by Germany, and had called Winton to ask him to assist in Jewish welfare work. After the war, Winton worked for the International Refugee Organization and then the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in https://t.co/YDdWAdWeHm
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Paris, where he met Grete Gjelstrup, a Danish secretary and accountant's daughter. They married in her hometown of Vejle on 31 October 1948. Unsuspiciously, Winton went unnoticed for half a century until in 1988 his wife found a detailed scrapbook in their attic, containing
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lists of the children, including their parents' names and the names and addresses of the families that took them in. Grete Gjelstrup Winton gave the scrapbook to Elisabeth Maxwell, a Holocaust researcher and wife of media magnate and superspy Robert Maxwell. https://t.co/E332uOjFjJ
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Elisabeth Jenny Jeanne Maxwell (née Meynard; 11 April 1921 – 7 August 2013) was a French-born researcher of the Holocaust who established the journal Holocaust and Genocide Studies in 1987. In 1988, Elisabeth Maxwell organized a conference in both Oxford and London, titled https://t.co/gHkCwuBCOU
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"Remembering for the Future". That same year, she received the Sir Sigmund Sternberg award for furthering Christian-Jewish relations. Maxwell authored a book on antisemitism titled Silence or Speaking Out, published in 1990 The Maxwells had nine children: Michael, Philip, Ann,
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Christine, Isabel, Karine, Ian, Kevin and Ghislaine. In 1982, Christine Maxwell acquired Information on Demand, one of the earliest information brokers, which was later renamed Research on Demand. Christine Maxwell is the creator and co-founder of Magellan, one of the first
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professionally curated online search/reference guides to Internet content. After Magellan was acquired by competing search engine Excite, in 1996, she co-founded Chiliad: a software company involved in the advance of on-demand, massively scalable, intelligent mining of https://t.co/05ZqNLsuA7
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structured and unstructured data through the use of natural language search technologies. The firm's software was behind the data search technology used by the FBI's counterterrorism data warehouse. In June 1986, Christine Maxwell married physicist and educator Roger Malina of https://t.co/gz9Yse1JoA
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Berkeley, California. Roger Malina is the son of Frank Malina, who was a research engineer in rocket propulsion, first director of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In 1935, while a graduate student at Caltech, Malina persuaded Professor of Aeronautics Theodore von Kármán to https://t.co/9bUd38NZmR
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allow him to pursue studies into rocketry and rocket propulsion. Theodore von Kármán was born into a Jewish family in Budapest, Austria-Hungary, as Kármán Tódor, the son of Helen (Kohn, Hungarian: Kohn Ilka) and Mór Kármán. One of his ancestors was Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel. https://t.co/mladd11CQQ
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"The Martians" (Hungarian: "A marslakók") is a term used to refer to a group of prominent Hungarian scientists (mostly, but not exclusively, physicists and mathematicians) of Jewish descent who emigrated from Europe to the United States in the early half of the 20th century. https://t.co/zethvpYWMg
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Paul Erdős, Paul Halmos, Theodore von Kármán, John G. Kemeny, John von Neumann, George Pólya, Leó Szilárd, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner are included in The Martians group. Frank Malina and five associates (including Jack Parsons and Hsue-Shen Tsien) became known at Caltech https://t.co/UIVrftlEMg
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as the "Suicide Squad". Following some brief involvement with Marxism in 1939, Jack Parsons converted to Thelema, the new religious movement founded by the English occultist Aleister Crowley. Together with his first wife, Helen Northrup, Parsons joined the Agape Lodge, the https://t.co/YbuAep0JgP
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Californian branch of the Thelemite Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.) in 1941. At Crowley's bidding, Parsons replaced Wilfred Talbot Smith as its leader in 1942 and ran the Lodge from his mansion on Orange Grove Boulevard. In 1945, Jack Parsons separated from Helen, after having an https://t.co/n3SxB4GKgS
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affair with her sister Sara; when Sara left him for L. Ron Hubbard, Parsons conducted the Babalon Working, a series of rituals intended to invoke the Thelemic goddess Babalon on Earth. Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986) was an American author, https://t.co/Tozj4fiJ1Q
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primarily of science fiction and fantasy stories, who is best known for having founded the Church of Scientology. In 1950, Hubbard authored Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health and established a series of organizations to promote Dianetics. Two of the strongest https://t.co/oR6wESXwZN
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initial supporters of Dianetics in the 1950s were John W. Campbell, editor of Astounding Science Fiction and Joseph Augustus Winter, a writer and medical physician. A warp drive or a drive enabling space warp is a fictional superluminal spacecraft propulsion system in many https://t.co/SKXhJf2ueF
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science fiction works, most notably Star Trek, and a subject of ongoing physics research. The general concept of "warp drive" was introduced by John W. Campbell in his 1957 novel Islands of Space and was popularized by the Star Trek series. https://t.co/mpfxVf0h61
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Islands of Space was first published in book form in 1957 by Fantasy Press in an edition of 1,417 copies. Fantasy Press was an American publishing house specialising in fantasy and science fiction titles. Established in 1946 by Lloyd Arthur Eshbach in Reading, Pennsylvania https://t.co/pg0K2rqCdo
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Eshbach was a church publisher from 1958 to 1962, then he was a salesman for the Moody Bible Institute until retirement in 1975. In his 1982 memoirs, Over My Shoulder: Reflections on a Science Fiction Era, Eshbach quotes L. Ron Hubbard as telling him in 1949, "I'd like to start https://t.co/fp5RX4o3l6
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a religion. That's where the money is. An active member of science fiction's First Fandom, Eshbach was Guest of Honor at the 1949 World Science Fiction Convention and the 1995 World Fantasy Convention. Fannish activity (or "fanac") including writing to letter columns in science
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fiction magazines, having been published in fanzines, or having participated in science fiction oriented clubs, or just generally doing fannish things. The term itself is an oblique reference to Olaf Stapledon's classic science fiction epic Last and First Men. https://t.co/NkfFExkyH6
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In November 2009, Moody Bible Institute and Michigan Theological Seminary jointly announced plans for Michigan Theological Seminary to merge with Moody Bible Institute's Moody Theological Seminary and Graduate School. In January 2010, Michigan Theological Seminary became Moody https://t.co/BMgrnGoNXA
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Theological Seminary–Michigan located in Plymouth, Michigan. Moody Bible Institute (MBI) is a private evangelical Christian Bible college founded in the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois, US by evangelist and businessman Dwight Lyman Moody in 1886. Moody greatly influenced
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the cause of cross-cultural Christian missions after he met Hudson Taylor, a pioneer missionary to China. He actively supported the China Inland Mission. James Hudson Taylor (Chinese: 戴德生; pinyin: dài dé shēng; 21 May 1832 – 3 June 1905) was a British Protestant Christian https://t.co/Yf5SZvFKws
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missionary to China and founder of the China Inland Mission (CIM, now OMF International). Taylor spent 51 years in China. Hudson's evangelical work in England profoundly affected various members of the famous cricketing Studd family, resulting in three of the brothers
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converting and becoming deeply religious themselves; one of them, cricketer Charles Studd, became a missionary to China along with fellow Cambridge University converts, known as the Cambridge Seven. Portraits of the Cambridge Seven, from left to right and top to bottom:
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Charles Thomas Studd, Dixon Edward Hoste, William Wharton Cassels, Stanley P. Smith, Cecil H. Polhill-Turner, Arthur T. Polhill-Turner, Montagu Proctor-Beauchamp. https://t.co/y8r3iGv7xV
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L. Ron Hubbard began his career as a prolific writer of pulp fiction stories and married Margaret "Polly" Grubb, who shared his interest in aviation. In 1978, Hubbard was convicted of fraud after he was tried in absentia by France. In the same year, eleven high-ranking members
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of Scientology were indicted on 28 charges for their role in the Church's Snow White Program, a systematic program of espionage against the United States government. One of the indicted was Hubbard's wife Mary Sue Hubbard, who was in charge of the program; L. Ron Hubbard was https://t.co/Npi3K4GP7a
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named an unindicted co-conspirator. Jack Parsons used his "magical wand" to whip up a vortex of energy so the elemental would be summoned. Translated into plain English, Parsons jacked off in the name of spiritual advancement whilst L. Ron Hubbard (referred to as "The Scribe" in https://t.co/Nu9oHJnhF9
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the diary of the event) scanned the astral plane for signs and visions. Scientology became a highly profitable enterprise for Hubbard. Hubbard implemented a scheme under which he was paid a percentage of the Church of Scientology's gross income and by 1957 he was being paid
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about $250,000. In the spring of 1959, L. Ron the Jack Parson toss off Scribe used his new-found wealth to purchase Saint Hill Manor, an 18th-century country house in Sussex, formerly owned by Sawai Man Singh II, the Maharaja of Jaipur. The house became Hubbard's permanent https://t.co/OOZrvChclK
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residence and an international training center for Scientologists. The original name, Sinta Hill, is thought to have come from the local Roman occupation and later Medieval iron-workings found throughout the area. Subsequent owners included Edgar March Crookshank and
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Mrs. Drexel Biddle, who commissioned the famous Monkey Mural which was painted by John Spencer-Churchill, nephew of Sir Winston Churchill. It was once owned by William Thomas Berger and in the late 1800s served as the headquarters of the China Inland Mission. Hudson Taylor and https://t.co/Nu7mECPjgn
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Berger met there often and it was a centre for training recruits for the mission field. John Spencer-Churchill was the son of John Strange Spencer-Churchill (1880–1947) and Lady Gwendoline Theresa Mary Bertie (1885–1941). His sister Clarissa married Anthony Eden in 1952, https://t.co/OGiEkRgb2Z
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becoming Lady Eden in 1954 when he was made a Knight of the Garter, wife of the Prime Minister when Winston Churchill retired in 1955, and later the Countess of Avon in 1961 on his elevation to the peerage. His paternal grandparents were Lord Randolph Churchill, the third son https://t.co/zl1cR9Y8Ms
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of the 7th Duke of Marlborough, and his wife, Lady Frances Vane, and Lady Randolph Churchill (née Jennie Jerome), an American who was the daughter of Leonard Jerome, one of the richest and most influential men in New York City in the middle to late 19th century, and a frequent
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business partner of Cornelius Vanderbilt. It is sometimes held that John Grubb's wife was Frances Vane, daughter of Sir Henry Vane, the second governor of Massachusetts. John Grubb acquired a one-third interest in a 600-acre tract on the Delaware River at Naaman's Creek in
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modern Claymont, Delaware. Claymont is home to several historic places, including the Philadelphia Pike Burger King, the Claymont Stone School, est. 1805 (which may have been the state's first racially integrated public school), Archmere Academy, est. 1916 (in the former home
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of industrialist John J. Raskob). Leonard Jerome was born in Pompey in Onondaga County, New York, on November 3, 1817. He was one of nine sons and one daughter born to Aurora (née Murray) Jerome (1785–1867) and Isaac Jerome (1786–1866). Isaac was a descendant of Timothy Jerome, https://t.co/fJOyLMreeX
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a French Huguenot immigrant who arrived in the New York Colony in 1717. Jerome was born on a farm in the Central New York town of Pompey, near Syracuse. His paternal grandmother was Betsy Ball, a relative of George Washington. Jerome was a flamboyant and successful stock https://t.co/wGBjOPeXgA
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speculator. He made and lost several fortunes, and was known as "The King of Wall Street". The Jerome Mansion, on the corner of Madison Avenue and 26th Street, had a six-hundred-seat theatre, a breakfast room which seated seventy people, a ballroom of white and gold with
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champagne- and cologne-spouting fountains, and a view of Madison Square Park. Jerome was an avid sportsman. He enjoyed yachting with his friend, William Kissam Vanderbilt. They shared a passion for thoroughbred horse racing and helped found the American Jockey Club. https://t.co/8Pa1HHGCuJ
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Willie K. Vanderbilt inherited $55 million from his father. He managed his family railroad investments. In 1879, after taking over P. T. Barnum's Great Roman Hippodrome which was on railroad property by Madison Square Park, he renamed the facility Madison Square Garden.
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On April 20, 1875, Vanderbilt married his first wife, Alva Erskine Smith (1853–1933), who was born in 1853 in Mobile, Alabama, to Murray Forbes Smith, a commission merchant, and Phoebe Ann Desha, daughter of US Representative Robert Desha. Alva was married twice, to socially https://t.co/SuXse9RxAc
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prominent New York City millionaires William Kissam Vanderbilt, with whom she had three children, and Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont. Alva maneuvered her daughter Consuelo into marrying Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough, on November 6, 1895. The marriage was https://t.co/aCgSbk9nQf
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annulled much later, at the Duke's request and Consuelo's assent, in May 1921. The annulment was fully supported by Alva, who testified that she had forced Consuelo into the marriage. The 9th Duke of Marlborough obtained a large dowry by the marriage, and reportedly told her
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just after the marriage that he married her in order to "save Blenheim Palace", his ancestral home. The palace is named after the 1704 Battle of Blenheim, and thus ultimately after Blindheim (also known as Blenheim) in Bavaria. It was originally intended to be a reward to https://t.co/q4cNnKAqK3
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John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough for his military triumphs against the French and Bavarians in the War of the Spanish Succession, culminating in the Battle of Blenheim. The land was given as a gift, and construction began in 1705, with some financial support from
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Queen Anne. The palace is notable as the birthplace and ancestral home of Sir Winston Churchill. On the death of Charles II in 1685, his brother, the Duke of York, became King James II. James had been Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company (today North America's oldest company, https://t.co/7cs4sDYSA7
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established by royal charter in 1670), and with his succession to the throne, John Churchill was appointed the company's third ever governor. For his victory at Blenheim, the Crown bestowed upon the Marlborough Man the tenancy of the royal manor of Hensington (situated on the https://t.co/RaIecE6R0O
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site of Woodstock) to site the new palace, and Parliament voted a substantial sum of money towards its creation. The rent or petit serjeanty due to the Crown for the land was set at the peppercorn rent or quit-rent of one copy of the French royal flag to be tendered to the https://t.co/Y2wZ7Iptyd
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Monarch annually on the anniversary of the Battle of Blenheim. This flag is displayed by the Monarch on a 17th-century French writing table in Windsor Castle. On July 9, 1976, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, visited Trinity Church. Vestrymen presented https://t.co/W6fohlsNsw
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the Queen with a symbolic "back rent" of 279 peppercorns. Anne, Queen of Great Britain, increased the parish's land holdings to 215 acres in 1705. Later, in 1709, William Huddleston founded Trinity School as the Charity School of the church, and classes were originally held in https://t.co/0Sx0q9Teo3
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the steeple of the church. In 1754, King's College (now Columbia University) was chartered by King George II of Great Britain, and instruction began with eight students in a school building near the church. https://t.co/2Z3LnLBKug
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Samuel Johnson (October 14, 1696 – January 6, 1772) was a proponent of both Anglicanism and the philosophies of William Wollaston and George Berkeley in the colonies, founded and served as the first president of the Anglican King's College (renamed Columbia University following https://t.co/kK7mkp8O3C
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the American Revolutionary War). Johnson was born in Guilford, Connecticut, the son of a fulling miller, Samuel Johnson Sr., and great-grandson of Robert Johnson, a founder of New Haven Colony, Connecticut. https://t.co/KDdDpqvPh4
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Oliver Cromwell recommended that the New Haven colonists all migrate to Ireland or to Spanish territories that he planned to conquer, but the Puritans of New Haven were committed to their new land. One by one in 1662–64, the towns joined Connecticut Colony until only three were
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left, and they submitted to Connecticut in 1664. In 1641, the New Haven Colony claimed the area that is now South Jersey and Philadelphia after buying land south of Trenton along the Delaware River from the Lenape tribe. Cape May, New Jersey and Salem, New Jersey were among the
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communities that were founded. The treaty with the Lenape placed no westward limit on the land west of the Delaware, which became the legal basis for a Connecticut "sea to sea" claim of owning all the land on both sides of the Delaware from the Atlantic Ocean to the
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Pacific Ocean. This set the stage for the Pennamite-Yankee War of 150 years later. In 1642, 50 families on a ship captained by George Lamberton settled at the mouth of Schuylkill River to establish the trading post at what is today Philadelphia. The Dutch and Swedes who were
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already in the area burned their buildings, and a court in New Sweden convicted Lamberton of "trespassing, conspiring with the Indians." Swedes' Landing is the warehouse road found along the Minquas Kill in Wilmington, Delaware that is close to the Delaware River. This was the https://t.co/2rwzVMXqaw
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site where the initial Swedish landing took place and marks the spot where the New Sweden colony began. The first Swedish expedition to North America, under the command of Peter Minuit, embarked from the port of Gothenburg in late 1637. The members of the expedition, aboard the
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ships Fogel Grip and Kalmar Nyckel, sailed into Delaware Bay, which lay within the territory claimed by the Dutch West India Company and anchored at a rocky point on Swedes' Landing on March 29, 1638. They built a fort on the site which they named Fort Christina after
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Queen Christina of Sweden. Palazzo Farnese or Farnese Palace is one of the most important High Renaissance palaces in Rome. Owned by the Italian Republic, it was given to the French government in 1936 for a period of 99 years, and currently serves as the French embassy in Italy. https://t.co/eovDppt7un
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When, in January 1534 Alessandro became Pope Paul III, the size of the palace was increased significantly and he employed Michelangelo who completed the redesigned third story with its deep cornice and revised the courtyard as well. Following the death of Cardinal Odoardo
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Farnese in 1626, the palazzo stood virtually uninhabited for twenty years. At the conclusion of the War of Castro with the papacy, Duke Odoardo was able to regain his family properties, which had been sequestered. The resulting inventory is the oldest surviving complete inventory
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of Palazzo Farnese. After Odoardo's death, Pope Alexander VII allowed Queen Christina of Sweden to lodge in the palace for several months, but she "proved a tenant from hell". https://t.co/e580KKACvq
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The Palazzo's design has inspired several buildings outside Italy, including the Detroit Athletic Club in Detroit. The clubhouse was designed by Albert Kahn and inspired by Rome's Palazzo Farnese. Henry Bourne Joy, son of the man who built the Michigan Central Railroad into one https://t.co/MCtH280pbT
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of the nation's most successful large railroads, served as president of the Packard Motor Car Company in the early decades of the last century. He felt that the rich new titans of the booming automobile industry spent too much time in the Woodward Avenue pubs. He thought they
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needed a club commensurate with this stature. Some 26 years after the club's founding, on January 4, 1913, Joy and 108 other leading Detroit citizens came together to reorient the Detroit Athletic Club. Joy and his colleagues selected Detroit's most accomplished architect,
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Albert Kahn. Kahn had four brothers, including Moritz, who became an engineer, and Julius Kahn, an engineer and inventor, who later collaborated with him in his architectural firm. Kahn, in 1902, formed a partnership with his brother Julius, a civil engineer. Later that year, https://t.co/aX02hIGtvX
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Julius developed a novel and scientific method of reinforcing concrete with steel, making reinforced concrete construction practical and economical. After receiving a patent on the "Kahn System" of construction in 1903, Julius left Kahn's firm and established the
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How the Gores, father and son, helped their patron Occidental Petroleum – Center for Public Integrity In the 1930s, Armand Hammer marketed something he called the “Romanoff Treasure,” a collection of fake Russian art that he passed off as genuine. Much of https://publicintegrity.org/politics/how-the-gores-father-and-son-helped-their-patron-occidental-petroleum/
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the proceeds of the sales went to Josef Stalin’s government. Hammer helped recruit Soviet spies and position them in the U.S. government. At one time he even had a contract to train dogs for the Soviet police. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover wanted to prosecute Hammer for his
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activities on behalf of the Soviet government. But Hammer had friends in Congress whom Hoover believed would attempt to protect him from prosecution; among them was Tennessee Senator Albert Gore Sr., who took to the floor of the Senate once to defend Hammer against allegations of
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bribery (later proved to be true) in obtaining government contracts. Amtorg Trading Corporation, also known as Amtorg, was the first trade representation of the Soviet Union in the United States, established in New York in 1924 by merging Armand Hammer's Allied American
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Corporation (Alamerico) with Products Exchange Corporation (Prodexco) and Arcos-America Inc. (the U.S. branch of All Russian Co-operative Society, ARCOS, also known as "Russia House" or "Soviet House" in Great Britain). From 1927 to 1930, under the direction of Saul Bron and
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Peter Bogdanov, Amtorg expanded into a major commercial enterprise, with more than 100 employees. During this formative period, Amtorg was very careful to clear any legal hurdles through the leading New York law firm of Thomas D. Thacher. The main financial consultant and banker
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for Amtorg at that time was Chase National Bank. Amtorg was especially useful for the USSR in negotiating contracts with major American companies such as Ford Motor Company, General Electric, International Harvester, Albert Kahn, Inc., Hugh L. Cooper, Arthur G. McKee m, Freyn
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Engineering, DuPont de Nemours, Radio Corporation of America, and more than a hundred other companies during the first five-year plan, taking advantage of the desperate condition of the American economy during the Great Depression. On May 8, 1929, through an agreement signed
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with Albert Kahn by Saul G. Bron, President of Amtorg, the Soviet government contracted Albert Kahn Associates to help design the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the first tractor plant in the USSR. Under these contracts, during 1929–1932, and the Great Depression, Kahn's firm
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established a design and training bureau in Moscow to train and supervise Soviet architects and engineers. This bureau, under the government's Gosproektstroi, was headed by Moritz Kahn, and 25 others of Kahn Associates staff, who worked in Moscow during this project. They
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trained more than 4,000 Soviet architects and engineers; and designed 521 plants and factories under the nation's first five-year plan. Henry Ford became interested in Kahn's unique designs that showed many benefits. Ford had Kahn design Ford Motor Company's Highland Park Ford
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Plant in 1909, for developing production techniques in the assembly line of manufacturing the Ford Model T on a large scale. Kahn then later in 1917, designed the half-mile-long Ford River Rouge Complex in Dearborn, Michigan. Kahn's firm was able to adapt to the changing needs
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of World War I and designed numerous army airfield and naval bases for the United States government during the war. Kahn and his firm during World War II was in charge of several of the U.S. government's important construction projects that included aeronautical and tank arsenal
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plants. His 600-person office was involved in making Detroit industry part of America's Arsenal of Democracy. Among others, the office designed the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant, and the Willow Run Bomber Plant, Kahn's last building, located in Ypsilanti, Michigan. The Ford Motor
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Company mass-produced Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers here. When Ford declined to purchase the Willow Run facility after the war, Kaiser-Frazer Corporation gained ownership, and in 1953 Ford's rival General Motors took ownership and operated the factory as Willow Run
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Transmission until 2010. The Kaiser-Frazer Corporation (1947–1953 as Kaiser-Frazer) was the result of a partnership between industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and automobile executive Joseph W. Frazer. In 1947, the company acquired the automotive assets of Graham-Paige.
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With the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, the Ford Motor Company sought to invest in the new state, and to facilitate the production of a large number of vehicles Israel would need for the military and the government. Ford announced plans to build an assembly plant in
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Israel. When Arab nations got word of Ford’s plans, they announced that if Ford didn't cancel the agreement, they’d boycott it by putting the company on the Arab League’s blacklist. Ford pulled out causing a moment of crisis for the Israeli government. While the government was
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searching for alternatives, Lord Marcus Sieff of London, contacted Efraim Ilin, an Israeli security expert and tycoon, and put him in contact with Hickman Price of Kaiser-Frazer. In 1938 Efraim Ilin was drafted by Avraham Stern to volunteer in the Irgun. He worked with
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Stern and David Raziel who was one of its founding members. In 1948, together with Ehud Avriel, Efraim Ilin, who was then living in Milan, negotiated a deal with Czechoslovakia to supply arms for the IDF. In 1948 Efraim Ilin also negotiated an arms equipment deal with
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Levi Eshkol and the Yugoslavians on behalf of the Mossad. Early in his life, Robert Maxwell escaped from Nazi occupation in his native country, joined the Czechoslovak Army in exile during World War II and was decorated after active service in the British Army. A hint of https://t.co/1t01tJ6OXF
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Maxwell's service to Israel was provided by John Loftus and Mark Aarons, who described Maxwell's contacts with Czechoslovak communist leaders in 1948 as crucial to the Czechoslovak decision to arm Israel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Czechoslovak military assistance was both
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unique and crucial for Israel as it battled for its existence. According to Loftus and Aarons, it was Maxwell's covert help in smuggling aircraft parts into Israel that led to the country having air superiority during their 1948 war of independence. In the early 1980s, Manucher
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Ghorbanifar and Adnan Khashoggi both had facilitated the transaction of PROMIS software to Khalid bin Mahfouz, a prominent Saudi billionaire. The media mogul and alleged Israeli spy Robert Maxwell was involved in selling the PROMIS software. At Victoria College, Alexandria
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Egypt, on El Iqbal Street, former Bulgarian King and Prime Minister Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha attended classes along with schoolmates such as King Hussein of Jordan, Zaid Al Rifai, the Kashoggi brothers (whose father was one of Saudi King Abdulaziz's physicians), Kamal Adham (who
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ran the Saudi external intelligence directorate under King Faisal), scholar Edward Said, present-day Saudi businessmen Mohammed Al Attas, Ambassador Mohamed Faqi and Ambassador Fouad Faqi.Shobokshi brothers and Ghassan Shaker —Internationally famous director Youssef Chahine,
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and actor Omar Sharif and many Princes from the Libyan Royal family and the Jordanian Royal Family. Victoria College, Alexandria, (Arabic: كلية فيكتوريا) was founded in 1902 under the impetus of the recently ennobled Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer of the Barings Bank. By
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1790, Barings had greatly expanded its resources, both through Francis's efforts in London and by association with leading Amsterdam bankers Hope & Co. In 1802, Barings and Hope & Co. were called on to facilitate the largest land purchase in history: the Louisiana Purchase,
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which doubled the size of the United States. It is regarded as "one of the most historically significant trades of all time". This was accomplished even though Britain was at war with France and the sale helped to finance Napoleon's war effort. Technically, the United States
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purchased Louisiana from Barings and Hope, not from Napoleon. A fall-off in business and some poor leadership in 1820s caused Barings to cede its dominance in the City of London to the rival firm of N M Rothschild & Sons. Barings Bank auditors finally discovered trading fraud
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around the same time that Barings' chairman Peter Baring received a confession note from problem trader Nick Leeson. Leeson's activities had generated losses totalling £827 million, twice the bank's available trading capital. The collapse cost another £100 million. The Bank of
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England attempted an unsuccessful weekend bailout, and employees around the world did not receive their bonuses. Barings was declared insolvent on 26 February 1995. A bank once described in 1818 as "the sixth great European power", after England, France, Prussia, Austria and
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Russia sold to Dutch bank ING in 1995 for the nominal sum of £1. In 1881, the Dutch government created the Rijkspostspaarbank, a postal savings system to encourage workers to start saving. Four decades later they added the Postcheque and Girodienst services allowing working https://t.co/OC4DxjzvzN
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families to make payments via post offices. Separately in 1927, the Dutch government initiated a re-organization of Dutch banks which resulted in the creation of the Nederlandsche Middenstands Bank (NMB). NMB's focus was retail banking in the Netherlands and abroad. In 1986,
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post office banking services were privatized as Postbank N.V. and three years later it would merge with NMB bank to form NMB Postbank Groep. In 1991, the banking business of NMB Postbank Groep and the insurance business of Nationale-Nederlanden were merged to create ING Group.
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After the defeat of Napoleon in 1813–1815, an expanded "United Kingdom of the Netherlands" was created with the House of Orange as monarchs, also ruling Belgium and Luxembourg. The King imposed unpopular Protestant reforms on Belgium, which revolted in 1830 and became independent
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in 1839. After an initially conservative period, following the introduction of the 1848 constitution, the country became a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. Modern-day Luxembourg became officially independent from the Netherlands in 1839, but a personal
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union remained until 1890. Since 1890, it is ruled by another branch of the House of Nassau. The Netherlands was neutral during the First World War, but during the Second World War, it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany. The Nazis, including many collaborators, rounded up
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and killed almost all of the country's Jewish population. In 1942, the Dutch East Indies were conquered by Japan, but prior to this the Dutch destroyed the oil wells for which Japan was desperate. Indonesia proclaimed its independence from the Netherlands in 1945, followed by
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Suriname in 1975. The post-war years saw rapid economic recovery (helped by the American Marshall Plan), followed by the introduction of a welfare state during an era of peace and prosperity. The Netherlands formed a new economic alliance with Belgium and Luxembourg, the
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Benelux, and all three became founding members of the European Union and NATO.
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Pizza Hut had frequently ordered advertisements from BBDO before. BBDO art director Ted Shaine recalled that the company "heard that [Gorbachev] was willing to do something", but others suggest BBDO came up with the idea themselves. 1934 Kate Smith began her first commercially
