reSee.it - Tweets Saved By @FoMaHun
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
And this? This is the very first piece of artificial limestone, YES, CaCO3, YES, hard as f and YES, waterproof, what I made from… Wood ash ONLY!!! 100% caveman tech! Now look at the color of this thing. How would you describe it? May I say it has the color of the pyramids? Hell yeah! Why? BTW: this is just the binder. Add original, natural limestone and fossils and you’ll en up with “natural” limestone. (With a bit of potassium residue.) Any questions? The secret recipe maybe? Anyone interested? Here you go: 1. Burn 🔥 everything around you and collect the wood ash 2. Burn natural limestone (calcination) to produce quick lime Steps 1. and 2. can be combined into one step. 3. Make wood ash lye the traditional way, by dripping drip 💧 water on wood ash and collecting the water that went through the ash. Any vessel will do but an oak barrel is the traditional way doing it. I used a plastic bucket with holes at the bottom. The wood ash lye is mostly KOH and K2CO3. What we need is CaCO3. We need to change the letter K to letters Ca. We’ll do it by adding the letters Ca to the liquid. 4. Add quick lime (CaO) or hydrated lime, slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) to the lye until it stops bubbling in vinegar. (We badly miss a decent video at this point, Marcell!!!) 5. Add (or don’t add) fossils = natural limestone rubble to the mix, stir well 6. Get rid of of the excess liquid through a nub Now any expert can tell you that this will never make a stone because of two reasons: 1. Billions of years and 2. High pressure are needed Well, no. The first point is just total nonsense, and although the second has something in it, it is false. Virtually ANY pressure will make it, including my current technique of squeezing it in a kitchen cloth. I’m not kidding. No pressure- no stone, that is correct. But only a minimal level of pressure, using my bare hands is enough to push the freshly made CaCO3 molecules close enough for crystallization (calcit) to begin. And here we are.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
What’s this? Drill core No.47? No. It’s my first attempt to create (fake) red granite. Not bad as a first try! Note: the only change from the public v3 recipe is adding some reddish dust to the mix. So the “secret” recipe: -Potassium waterglass (home made) -Granite grains (from a quarry) -Slaked lime as a catalyst only (2%) -Reddish dust (technically a bad quality, inactive, dead metakaolin but it doesn’t matter) Cast under liquid as per the recipe v3 to be bubble free. No polishing. I’ll try to polish it next week.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Tadaaam 🎉 https://t.co/v9vnGFbEna
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@ThatRetiredDude Actually, the bottom is the top, it was cast in a yoghurt cup. The smooth red is where there was not enough waterglass left for under liquid casting.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@avry_wilson Aha. 🤦♂️
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@FireMNDave71352 Some of them yes. But it’s a rough first try. I don’t think you would see any layering after the 100th one.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@DonoMucho No vibration used. Casting under liquid is the key to have bubble free casting.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@MAJicJ64 There’s the modern way and the ancient way to produce waterglass: 1. Modern way: KOH flakes and silica cat litter boiled together 2. Ancient way: wood ash lye melted together with sand or other SiO2 source.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@BIG_PARMENIDES No, it’s not. Just like ancient Egyptian fake granite. Look:
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@Goldfiinger So? Check out this.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@Antanarivo_88 No I used red just to mimic aswan granite
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@juliecouvreur_ Yes, but only because nobody accepts artificial stone’s existence so they are forced to categorize it as granite. But in reality, the binder is different. It’s still SiO2 but amorphous silica instead of quartz. Hard to detect but it’s different.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@mayfer I AM creating scoop marks, although the result is not I have expected - but absolutely beautiful. https://t.co/IQpA4ebH1C
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@TawhakiTheGod It’s not that important knowing this:
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@Erik193020861 No, but ancient Egyptian (fake) granite isn’t strong either:
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@TheMonMan Mostly yes. Sodium is a bitch. Potassium is the way to go. Or an 50-50% mix.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@never_nvrm Yes. Probably burnt clay.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
There’s this whole “second Sphinx” craze going around. So let’s see what I can say about it. 🧵 Me? Nothing. But there is someone who can. In Robert Temple’s new book — also published under the title Ultimate Sphinx Book — he lays out, in painstaking detail and backed with evidence, a whole bunch of things you probably didn’t know. Here are a few facts that fundamentally challenge not the existence of the second Sphinx, but definitely the assumptions about what it looked like. 1. The Sphinx is definitely NOT a lion. Why? Because anatomically, it would be a horribly incorrect lion with a broken spine. A reclining lion does NOT have a horizontal back. What’s more, the book includes numerous photographs of ancient Egyptian lion statues that do have correct anatomy. If they could sculpt lions properly on a small scale, they certainly could have done it on a giant one. 2. If we follow the anatomy instead, there is an animal for which this posture makes sense: the jackal — in other words, Anubis. 3. But Anubis originally had an Anubis head — until it broke off. The tiny little head we see today was carved out of the remaining neck stump. Anyone who has ever seen an aerial photo of the Sphinx already knows this. The head is absurdly small compared to the body. I’ll show a separate image of this, because it’s most obvious from above. 4. If Anubis originally had an Anubis head, then the whole idea that the Sphinx, as a lion, was staring at the constellation Leo on the horizon during the spring equinox 12,500 years ago completely falls apart. Because it wasn’t a lion. It was a jackal. Why would a jackal be gazing at Leo on the horizon? 5. About the recarved head: the authors use extensive photographic comparisons to prove that ancient Egyptian sculptors did not create random generic faces. They made recognizable portraits. If a pharaoh has surviving depictions, the face remains consistent across representations. Which means the current face of the Sphinx is not some random generic mug — because they simply didn’t work that way — but the face of an actual historical person. And surprise: the book presents about eight other sculptures from different locations bearing the exact same face, all of which are already identified with certainty. So yes, according to the authors, we can know exactly whose face the current Sphinx has. Spoiler alert: I’m not telling you. 6. Which also means that all the speculation about what the “second Sphinx face” might have looked like is pretty pointless unless its head also broke off (what are the odds?) and was recarved too. Some additional fascinating points from the book: 1. Rock-solid evidence for a cavity inside the Sphinx, based on centuries-old descriptions and drawings and restauration works and such. 2. Early twentieth-century photographs and postcards showing the Nile floodwaters reaching all the way up to the Sphinx’s paws. Yes, only a hundred years ago. This is interesting because the famous “water erosion” around the Sphinx enclosure may not necessarily be the result of tens of thousands of years of rainfall, but rather the annual flooding of the Nile repeatedly pouring into the basin of the Sphinx. 3. And if that’s true, then the age of the Sphinx can comfortably fit back into the era of the pharaohs. No need to push it into some pre-flood civilization timeline. What I found especially fascinating about this book was the exhaustive investigation carried out by the two authors (Robert and Olivia Temple). The sheer volume of factual material — documents, paintings, archival photographs, modern photographs, archaic post cards, x hundred years old books on y different languages, comparative analysis, and so on — makes it very hard to dismiss as armchair speculation. This is investigation work. The book feels like the end product of a massive research effort. If someone wants to challenge its conclusions, they’ll have to either ignore or directly refute dozens upon dozens of pieces of evidence. I absolutely love digging into ancient mysteries and stripping away the mythology around them. This book does exactly that, and I highly recommend it. Long live science! ----- P.S. it's not affiliate marketing from my part. I actually read that heavy book in the last few weeks. Really. I recommend reading it as a reader. I'm not a sales guy.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. Have a look at this. Any more questions about the head being a recarved neck only? https://t.co/KJX13nHan6
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
I tried to find an Amazon link but it's not there (yet?). Yeah, it's a fresh edition, it was published 20 days ago. Anyway, here's a link to the publisher's webpage where you can order a copy if you want. https://eglantynebooks.com/product/sphinx/
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@SmorglesBord Sorry. No I haven’t
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@BartoszEvin Shafts are higher on the hill 🤷🏻♂️
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@Elifschitz In order: @UnchartedX1 is ghosting me, I have very good relations with @Graham__Hancock , I posted an article on his website last year and now there’s a video in the queue, and I don’t know who is Schoch.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@meh91732905 Why should I ruin other people’s reading experience?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@MrJakub4 Statues!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
I’ve been meaning to show this for a long time. This was the gear my buddy tried to walk onto the Giza Plateau with so he could take measurements inside and around the pyramids. Yeah… that absolutely did not go over well. We almost got the police called on us. The thing that caused the biggest uproar was that green gadget — a laser distance meter. You can’t even imagine what light is capable of against granite and limestone! Absolutely nothing 🤣 The panic made zero sense. Then there were both our passports. I photographed them while they photographed them. They laid everything out, took pictures of it all… Privacy rights? What privacy rights? And after that, they tried to confiscate the equipment! For fuck’s sake! That green thing alone cost something like three hundred bucks! Luckily, our host had walked us to the entrance, and when they were about to confiscate everything, he stepped in, stuffed all the measuring instruments into a plastic bag, and took them to one of his relatives for safekeeping. He said, “No problem, I’ve got seven thousand relatives in Cairo” 🤪 We spent the whole day stressing over whether “safekeeping” meant permanently or whether we’d actually get the stuff back. We got it back! Every single piece! We stayed in Egypt for another four days after that, but we never again carried anything that even remotely looked like measuring equipment anywhere. What those geniuses don’t realize is that if they only let you bring in a regular camera, you can still do full photogrammetric measurements with it and create millimeter-accurate 3D models. That’s exactly how that famous 3D model of the staircase in the Dendera Temple of Hathor was made — the one I already published. Just with an ordinary camera.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Vagy fordítsuk meg a kérdést: Hogyan és mivel lágyították meg ezt a követ Puma Punku népei? Válasz: ez nem lágyítás. Ez kémiai szétbontás. Ideje lenne már elfelejteni azt a bődületes baromságot, hogy a kövek kőből vannak, ennélfogva sérthetetlenek, valamint mivel a kő kőből van, nem lehet ilyet mesterségesen létrehozni! Marhaság! A kövek ugyanúgy molekulákból, azok pedig atomokból állnak, mint minden más ebben az univerzumban. S ha ez így igaz, ugyanúgy szét lehet bontani őket, mint minden mást. Ha bedobsz a molekulák közé egy, azaz egyetlen darab szimpla protont (=sav), úgy szét tudja barmolni a kovalens kötéseket, hogy öröm nézni. Ha ennek mégis ellenáll (hisz vannak saválló anyagok, például az üveg), akkor elvonsz egy protont (lúg), és majd az szétbarmolja. Itt is ez utóbbi történt. Eleink, persze anélkül, hogy tudták volna részleteiben, ezen a kövön protont vontak el a kő szilícium-dioxid molekuláitól, emiatt az átalakult egy másik anyaggá: vízüveggé. Egyetlen képletté rövidítve (sajnos ez pont elfedi a lényeget, a protonelvonást): SiO2+(mondjuk) 2KOH = K2SiO3 + H2O Ahol a K2SiO3 a kálium vízüveg, a reakció hasznos végterméke. Na EZT kellene MINDEN archeológusnak megértenie és tudnia. Komolyan mondom! Mert ha megértenék, hogy mire képes a sima hamulúg, beindulhatna egy új gondolkodás az ősi építményekről. Szóval ez a bazinagy kő itt a képen egy vízüvegfőző “lábos”. Egy lábos, amelyik szép lassan maga is feloldódik a vízüveggyártás során. S a vízüveg az a cucc, amivel az “andezit” H blokkokat öntögették pár száz méterre innen. A legegyszerűbb kőrecept: vízüveg + fahamu = kő. Ez nem hit kérdése, ez tény. Próbáld ki, mint ahogy már több százan kipróbálták az elmúlt 2 évben. A többi receptem, Zahi Hawasst idézve: “It’s in my book” 🤣🤣🤣
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Mi a bánat az a hamuzsír? Ha rákeresel arra, hogy “potash industry”, meg fogod találni, hogy ez az a (fahamuból kivont) anyag, ami miatt a XVIII. században az egész északi féltekén kiirtották az erdőségeket. Amúgy az üveggyártás akkori felpörgése miatt. De ez most nem lényeges. A lényeg ugyanis az, hogy a hamuzsír (kálium karbonát, K2CO3) igen könnyedén átalakítható mészkővé, “csupán” a képlet elején kell átírni a káliumot kalciummá, és kész. hamuzsír 👉🏻magic👉🏻mészkő K2CO3👉🏻magic👉🏻CaCO3 A mágia neve: oltott mész. Oltott mész, amely ugyanúgy része volt minden ősi civilizációnak, mint a fahamu. K2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + 2KOH TÁDÁMMM! Csakhogy ha megkérdezel egy szakértőt, egy kémikust vagy egy geológust, egyenesen megmondja neked, hogy ez a kémiailag generált CaCO3 “mészkő” sosem fog összeállni kővé. Egy marék por lesz belőle. “Mert hiányzik a nyomás és a több millió év.” Imádom a szakértőket - ellenőrizni! Egyszerűen nem érdekel a “megalapozott” véleményük. Ebben az esetben ugyanis mindkét paraméterben tévednek, kipróbáltam. 1. Nemhogy egymillió év nem kell a kővé váláshoz, hanem percek sem. 2. Nyomás ugyan valóban kell, tehát csak úgy szabadon hagyva valóban nem áll össze kővé, DE A SZÜKSÉGES NYOMÁS AKÁR PUSZTA KÉZZEL MEGADHATÓ! Tartozom erről egy videóval, amiben az lesz, hogy összekeverve a fenti két alapanyagot, egy konyharuhával kipréselem a kálium-hidroxidos vizet, ÉS KÉSZ, a maradék kővé áll össze. Gondoljunk bele, hogy ehhez képest mekkora nyomást jelent egy többtonnás kő öntése! Ez 👆🏻 a trutyi a kőragasztó. Keverj bele mészkőtörmeléket, és akkora követ önthetsz, hogy - bármekkorát. Ennek az “elméletnek” a hátránya, hogy ehhez rohadt sok hamu kell, ami nyilvánvalóan nem állt az ősemberek rendelkezésére. Ja de. Flinders Pertie tárt fel a Sínai félszigeten egy olyan ősi egyiptomi “templomot”, amiben több száz tonna (!) fahamut találtak. Első kép. Bocs, de ez nem egy templom volt, hanem egy raktár. A másik baj pedig, hogy ha lenne ilyen öntött kő, amiből egy szöveten keresztül távozott a víz a préselődés során, akkor lennének ilyen kőminták. Ja, vannak. A Keopsz piramisban egy csomó mészkövön egyértelmű, tagadhatatlan szövetnyomok vannak. Második kép, loptam @history_hacked -től. Mondjuk az is hülye, aki ennyi fát kivág és eltüzel ezért. Ilyet az emberiség biztosan nem csinált. Ja de. Mégpedig dokumentáltan. Lásd fent: potash industry. Na jó, kivágták, eltüzelték, de ez véges erőforrás. El kellett fogynia a fáknak. El is fogytak! Nem csoda, hogy az egyiptomiak áttértek a nátronból készített mészkövekre, mert a nátron korlátlanul állt rendelkezésre Wadi el Natrunban - amíg az is el nem fogyott. Mert bizony elfogyott. A korlátlan nátronbányák már időszámításunk előtt pár ezer évvel kimerültek. S ahol már nincs többé se hamuzsír, se nátron, ott némiképp alábbhagy a piramisépítési láz - konkrétan megszűnik. Íme a folyamatosan lefelé menő civilizációs spirál receptje: kimerülő természeti erőforrások = civilizációs összeomlás. Tovább is van, mondjam még?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
1. Rest In Peace, Melted Stairs 🪦 I’ve got some good news and some bad news. Based on the 3D model I have published two days ago of the “melted” staircase, along with the calculations derived from it, I can now state with 100% certainty that the staircase of the Dendera Hathor Temple did not melt. This is just a plain old staircase, with a stunning visual illusion. Follow the reasoning: the staircase would be melted if there were extra material on the steps—meaning whatever melted and flowed would have reattached itself onto the steps below. This would be incredibly easy to demonstrate with a longer spirit level, say about a meter long, but unfortunately anything that doesn’t look like standard tourist gear gets confiscated at the entrance. So, Plan B: Let’s bring in a camera! Hehe! Let's take around 1,000 photos of the staircase, stitch them together into a 3D model, and then do our measurements on that model. And that’s exactly what happened. The model was created using professional methods, accurate to the millimeter—before anyone jumps in to say it’s flawed, fake, or incorrect. It’s not. Here’s my previous post of that 3D model in case you missed it, and in the next step I’ll show the evidence that lets us say goodbye to a dream—the dream of melting.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. So this is how the dream falls apart: Once we have our millimeter-accurate 3D model (which I’ll soon make downloadable so anyone can work with it), we can run all sorts of interesting calculations and measurements on it. For example, we can place a plane onto each step that perfectly fits along the edges (where there’s no "melting"), while any extra material—melted and then re-solidified—would protrude above that plane. And voilà, we’d instantly prove that this isn’t just a worn staircase, but that there are indeed accumulations of material here and there on the steps, meaning something flowed or slid down from above. And when you stand there in front of the staircase, it clearly looks that way. But if your friend who works in construction is standing next to you—as happened in my case—he’ll say something entirely different immediately. You can argue, call each other idiots, but in the end, once all the measurements are done, you have to admit: he was right. The melted staircase is a fantastic visual illusion. It’s so convincing that even standing right over it, or kneeling down to look at it, it still appears melted. So what are we seeing in this colorful image? We placed that virtual plane onto the top ten steps (and another ten elsewhere) to highlight the bulges clearly visible to the naked eye. In the image, the higher part of the staircase is on the left, and the material “flowed” to the right— (nope). Green shows the plane, yellow would indicate bulging—but there is none—and blue shows missing material. To my sincere regret, there isn’t a single milligram of extra, later-deposited material on the “melted” staircase—only absence, absence, and more absence. This is the end of a dream. 😭
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. Here’s the analysis of the other ten steps as well. That’s what happens when someone genuinely tries to investigate ancient mysteries instead of just repeating the usual mantras. It breaks my heart 💔 I believed in it so much that I even poured a mini staircase in my backyard to experiment with “melting”—but that’s no longer necessary. What’s also interesting is that I now know why it’s worn down so much.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
4. Oh really? How’s that? Well, the entire temple is made of the same sandstone, and it’s so soft that I honestly don’t understand how they allow crowds of tourists onto it. And how do I know the material is incredibly soft? From the carved names—clearly not etched over days by centuries of tourists, but scratched in quickly with something harder pulled from a pocket, like a key. And just like that, a beautiful engraving is born. I’ve attached a few examples for you to see. All of these are either on vertical surfaces or beyond the railing—places that couldn’t have been worn down by foot traffic. The ones carved even as recently as 1990, in areas where tourists actually walk, have already been worn so smooth that they’re barely visible anymore.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Suddenly I gained another 500 followers, so for their sake, I'll briefly summarize what the game is all about here. It seems we're going to rewrite the first few chapters of human history. What started as "let's figure out how the unfinished obelisk in Aswan was made" has evolved in a direction where we can now confidently say the past didn't happen the way we thought. Our ancestors were apparently capable of chemically altering stones, dissolving them, and then reassembling them. The evidence for this is that countless others besides me have done this, and it works, and it’s not even hard to do. Unfortunately, there's no need for UFOs or ancient advanced civilizations to transport stone blocks of, say, 20-25 tons, or God forbid, 1000 tons. They weren’t hauling the stone blocks around, but just the raw material. In buckets. The megalithic structures are masonry works, just that the mortar is a completely different material than what we use today. What could it be?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
First Act When I started to decipher the secret of the Aswan unfinished obelisk, I naturally had no intention of rewriting the early history of humanity. This realization came later. The mystery of the unfinished obelisk lies in the mysterious scoop marks, approximately 50x50 cm indentations, which look as though someone gouged out the granite with a giant ice cream scoop. The official explanation is completely wrong, I won’t even go into that, it’s nonsense. However, my experiment was successful, and indeed, I was able to chemically etch the supposedly indestructible granite with simple tools in my own backyard. All it took was a grill chimney starter, some charcoal, and - natron. As it turned out, modern humanity of course knows that molten natron dissolves granite, or more accurately quartz, and this is used in several industrial processes, from pottery (cracking glazes) to recycling rare metals (liberating metals from circuit boards). It's just that archaeologists didn’t know. Which I have no problem with, other than the fact that they know now but still ignore the facts.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Second Act Now that we've successfully etched the granite, let's see what material is produced in the chemical reaction, because maybe our ancestors could use it for something, considering they didn’t know the concept of waste. What could this white stone foam be good for? As it turns out, the white stone foam is nothing but waterglass, Na2SiO3. This is fascinating because waterglass is one of the main components of modern geopolymers. What do our ancestors do if they get their hands on a material with which they can make stone? They make stone with it! And here we reach the point of rewriting history. All those civilizations that were able to produce waterglass were obviously capable of casting new stones from waterglass. The simplest form of this, when wood ash is mixed into the waterglass, results in a beautiful black, Inca stone. The giant stone blocks of Inca walls fit so precisely together that not even a piece of paper can be slipped between them because they were simply cast next to each other, directly into the wall.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Third Act How does the Native American tale go again? "Our ancestors could soften stones with the sap of plants." Well, that's almost right. Not with plant sap, but with the liquid derived from the ash of plants (lye), and not soften, but decompose. Everything else is correct. However, it’s true that when I do this at home in a small pot on the stove, the result looks exactly as if the stone had softened. And this is essentially the same process (to produce waterglass), like above with natron. Because it's not just one everyday substance that can "eat through" granite—I myself already know of four. An interesting question is, if the Incas figured this out, did other peoples come to the same realization? Wherever we find scoop marks on stones around the world, they are traces of chemical etching, evidence of waterglass production. Peru. Egypt. Stonehenge. Sigiriya in Sri Lanka. The Barabar Caves in India.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Fourth Act What makes this all the more interesting is that if a more advanced civilization encountered the same relationship (waterglass + ash = stone), like the Egyptians, they might try to create prettier, not just black stones. Like artificial granite. Okay, artificial granite doesn’t exist—I’ll give the experts that. But fake granite? Not only does it exist, it’s sitting right there in your kitchen: your countertop. But that's definitely different from the natural granite using epoxy as a binder. Hmm. How ancient Egyptians did it? It took me a while to figure out one method for this as well, using caveman tools and resources only. All I needed was to find a material that, unlike ash, isn’t gray but transparent, allowing the original granite grains glued together to remain visible. Ancient fake granite differs from this only in its binder. It uses the same material as natural granite, ensuring that scientists can’t easily distinguish between the two: SiO₂. This is a never ending story, with surprises each and every day.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Now that you’ve got an idea of what this is all about, I can totally recommend my book — it’s written in the same kind of style as what you just read. You’ll get to see all the research, struggles, and results I’ve been through lately, all told in a story-like way. Honestly, I just can’t write in a dry, boring, hard-to-understand “scientific” style — even though I know that’s what people usually expect. It’s just not me. In my book, we’ll not only dive into the story of my research, but also explore tons of historical sites, evidence of ancient stone casting, proof of massive environmental destruction. And to top it all off, there’s even a little cookbook at the end, just in case you want to try it all out at home and need a place to start. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DG3JT2N5?ref_=cm_sw_r_ffobk_cso_cp_mwn_dp_AKQIW7NZTYD0L2RBZ93W&bestFormat=true
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Are you ready for today’s bombshell? I can finally reveal that two weeks ago my colleague and I were in Dendera, Egypt on a “secret mission”—that’s the Egyptian temple with the highest number of mysteries per square meter on Earth. This is where you’ll find the famous “light bulb,” the hidden passageways inside the walls, and the melted staircase. Well, I don’t know about you, but I decided we’re going to crack this mystery. With an actual solution. No—this wasn’t the goal of the “secret mission,” just a side project, since the staircase happened to be right there… So, with the help of an expert, we created a 3D model of the melted staircase, which I’ll make available on my website soon so anyone can play around with it. Here’s how it works: you slowly walk up the stairs, taking a photo at every step, and then software stitches it all together into a millimeter-accurate 3D model. THowever, there’s still some work to be done. This is just a preview video, and the model still has a few glitches and holes here and there. We’re working on fixing those. But it’s already gorgeous—take a look! And what will it be good for? Well, anyone will be able to examine it, take measurements, and try to figure out how this material actually melted and accumulated—without having to travel there. It’s going to be a real treat for armchair archaeologists once it’s finished! And I still haven’t even told you about the “secret project”…
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Orbán Viktor bukása. Tudom, hogy nem emiatt követsz engem, de ezt most ki kell írnom magamból. 16 évet éltem ebben a hazug rendszerben, és az elmúlt hónapokban szinte alig tudtam dolgozni az izgalomtól, hogy talán most végre elkergethetjük ezeket a szemétládákat. Ez az első és utolsó írásom ebben a témakörben, utána megyek vissza a köveimhez. Kedves amerikai olvasó! A véleményed sajnos nem érdekel, mert hibás. Én belülről éltem meg ezt a velejéig romlott rendszert, amiből neked csak a fényes propaganda látszott. Tucker Carlsonos ostobaságok, meg „jé, nincs színes bőrű ember a metrón”. S ha azt mondod, „nem is volt autokrata”, hiszen demokratikus választásokon kergettük el a picsába, csak olvass tovább, hogy milyen csaló választási rendszert épített fel magának, hogy a látszatot mindig meg tudja tartani, hogy ő szabad választásokon nyert – jé, már megint Észak-Koreai fölénnyel. Attól még, hogy egy autokrácia puha, és senki nem esik ki az ablakokon, attól még ugyanaz a farkas, csak báránybőrbe bújtatva. Képzelj el egy rendszert, amiben nemcsak egy pici propaganda van, nem is 20-30%-nyi, hanem CSAKIS propaganda van, és nincs más. 100% hazugságot kell hallgatnod napról napra, évről évre, évtizedről évtizedre! Miről hazudott a Viktor? Hát mindenről. Elon Musknak üzenem, hogy a reptértől a Halászbástyáig kiplakátolt „családbarát kormány” tényleges, könnyen leellenőrizhető eredménye, hogy a szaporulati rátánk lement 1,31-re. Kihalunk épp. De nem emiatt kergettük el. Kihalni hosszadalmas dolog, éhen halni gyorsabb. Viktor a szégyenletes, mindenkivel konfliktust kereső gazdaságpolitikájával az egykori nyertes Magyarországot Európa legszegényebb országává tette. Ez is sima tény, utána lehet nézni. Ahogy annak is, hogy ha valaki kórházba kerül, jó eséllyel két másik fertőzést is összeszed a kórházban, olyanok a körülmények. Viktor 16 éves, megszakítatlan országlása alatt, amikor is csalással nyert rendre 2/3-os fölénnyel, az alábbi ágazatok mentek tönkre: MIND! Romokban az oktatás, az egészségügy, a kisvállalkozások, a hadsereg, romokban a falvak, az úthálózat, minden, minden. Egy dolog nem áll romokban: a Viktor Versaillest megszégyenítő palotája a saját szülőfalujában! Ja meg persze az oligarchák palotái. De ennyi. Az ország leggazdagabb embere Viktor gyerekkori haverja, egy gázszerelő, aki 50 éves koráig kazánok javításából élt, de hogy-hogynem, 2010-ben, a Fidesz első választási győzelme után kibújt belőle a vállalkozó, és ma már gazdagabb, mint az angol királyi család. S kié ez a hatalmas vagyon? Kié személyesen az ország 25%-a? Hát a tolvajkirályé, Viktoré. Itt Magyarországon mindenki tudja, hogy a gázszerelő csupán strómanja a Viktornak. Mint ahogy a lánya és a veje is. Képzelj el egy országot, ahol a 10 leggazdagabb ember MINDEGYIKE a „miniszterelnök” haverja vagy családtagja, kivétel nélkül MINDEGYIK! S akkor már meg is van, miért esik szét minden, miért nem születnek gyerekek, miért döglöttek be a közszolgáltatások. Hát mi más történne bármelyik államban, ha a nemzeti jövedelem 25%-át ellopja egyetlen család? Igen, a 25%-át! Mégis mire számított itt bárki? És akkor lássuk a „demokratikus” választási rendszert: a Fidesz, Viktor pártja egyszer valóban kétharmados aránnyal nyert, 2010-ben, ezt el kell ismerni. Én magam soha a büdös életben nem szavaztam rá, mert átláttam a szitán. De sok embert már akkor is átvert, és lett is egy valódi, szabad választáson elnyert 2/3-a. Ennek birtokában aztán mindent szétvert, a választási rendszert is. Mielőtt ezt ecsetelném, a mostani csúfos bukásának is az az oka ,hogy olyan hülyeségeket tett a választási rendszerbe, mint a győztes „kompenzálása”, vagyis ha valaki picit nyer, abból mindig 2/3-os nyerése legyen. Persze arra nem gondolt, hogy 100% propagandanyomás alatt egyszer valóban lesz majd valaki, aki nem picit, hanem nagyon nyer, és az ostoba győzteskompenzáció az ellenfelét lövi ki a sztratoszférába. Nos, most pontosan ez történt. Néhány további törvényesített csalás, csak hogy értsd, mit tett ez a gazember, hogy örök életre hatalomban maradhasson: 1. Győzteskompenzáció (lásd fent) 2. Átszabta a választókerületeket (gerrymandering) úgy, hogy a városi emberek szavazata kevesebbet ér, mint a falusiaké. „A falusiak sokkal butábbak”, gondolta ő, és abban van valami, hogy a falusi ember a központi tévécsatornákat nézi, ahonnan csak és kizárólag propaganda ömlik, immár 16 éve. 3. Határon túli magyarok ellenőrizetlen levélszavazata. Élő vagy holt, az mindegy. 2022-ben az ilyen levélszavazatok 99%-a a Viktor pártjára szavazott. Jé! 4. Kamupártok indulásának anyagi ösztönzése az ellenzék szétforgácsolása céljából. Volt olyan választási év, amikor 18 (!) kamupárt indult a választáson! Tizennyolc! 5. A független sajtó teljes bedarálása, 100% propaganda Egy dolgot nem tett meg ez a jó ember, és ez a vesztét is okozta: nem tiltotta be az internetet. Pedig 2014-ben megpróbálta (internetadó)! Kapott is olyan tüntetést a pofájába, hogy ajjaj! Így hiába uralta le a kilóra megvett magyar sajtót a hülyeségeivel, az interneten keresztül továbbra is szabad maradt az igazság kommunikálása. Most látjuk, hogy Putyin elvtárs tanult az esetből, épp most tiltja be az internetet a discsőséges Szovjetúnióban. Volt-e még más bűne a minden ellopásán és a minden szétverésén kívül a csodálatos Viktornak? Persze, hogy volt! Az egész Fidesz párt gyakorlatilag egy orosz propagandagépezetté változott, az oligarcháink pedig kvázi orosz oligarchák, értsd ezalatt, hogy számolatlanul ömlött ide az orosz olajpénz a kegyelteknek, ÉS MÉG TOVÁBBI ORSZÁGOK MEGTÁMOGATÁSÁRA IS FUTOTTA! Képzeld el Európa legszegényebb országát, ahogy eurómilliárdokkal támogat hasonló geciládákat külföldön, mint ő maga! Végül szerintem a teljes orosz behódolás ütötte át a fájdalomküszöböt a magyar embereknél, és azzal a kiáltással zavartuk el a Viktort, ami valójában tőle származik, abból az időből, amikor még oroszellenes és demokrata volt. „Ruszkik haza!” Russians Go Home! Képzed el ezt az iróniát, hogy a saját régi jelszavad skandálásával hajít ki téged a nép a bebetonozottnak hitt hatalmadból és a Versaillesi kastélyodból! 😊 Apropó oroszok. Ma már nem kérdés, és Európa tudja, hogy milyen önsorsrontó gaztettekre bírják rá fondorlattal az országokat az oroszok. Brexit? Fedett ruszki akció. Német atomerőművek leállítása? Fedett ruszki akció. Magyarország egésze? Fedett ruszki akció. Vissza kell térnünk Ronald Reagan tűpontos helyzetértékeléséhez: a Szovjetúnió a gonosz birodalma. Ma is! És most egy szúrás a MAGA-bölcseknek: a MAGA-t is az oroszok találták ki, és az a célja, hogy mindenféle öngyilkos baromságokkal meggyengítsék Amerikát, miközben a sok megvadult MAGA-bölcs azt skandálja, hogy „great again”. Klasszikus orosz dezinformációs hibrid hadművelet. Mi már tudjuk. Van is rá egy mondásunk: „az oroszok már a spájzban vannak”. S annál szebb orosz titkosszolgálati eredményt, hogy a KGB állíthatott amerikai elnököt, nehéz elképzelni! Amerika épp tökön lövi magát Trump segítségével, és majd csak ez után eszmél rá, hogy Ronald Reagannak mindvégig igaza volt. Az ostoba, Tucker Carlsonos, migránsos kommentjeitek nem érdekelnek, nem olvasok orosz propagandát itt sem. Ennyi. Visszatérek a köveimhez.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Many of you know I wrote a book about how ancient artificial stones were made, and those who’ve read it also know that the whole story begins with “scoop marks”—that strange phenomenon where it looks like a giant casually scooped chunks out of the hardest rocks with an ice cream spoon, without breaking a sweat. Those same readers also know that, to this day, I hadn’t been able to properly reproduce scoop marks. Not a single one. Embarrassing! There were all sorts of reasons—physical, chemical, and yes, plain laziness—but those obstacles have gradually disappeared. And now I can confidently say: I’m creating scoop marks in granite using chemical methods. Check this out! What you see in this quick, improvised video is a granite block whose surface has been etched with lye. What kind of lye? At what temperature? How did I do it? Let me answer those one by one. Let’s start with the fact that we know at least four everyday substances that, when melted, break down granite—the supposedly unbreakable rock. You heard that right, not one, but four! Here they are: natron, potash, sodium hydroxide, and wood ash lye. There are more, but these four are key, because even prehistoric humans could access them, considering that two of them are present in all wood ash, and all four can be found, for example, in the ash of seaweed, mangrove, or quinoa. Their melting points vary wildly, ranging from 851°C down to 360°C. Once you reach those temperatures, the given lye melts and extracts the quartz from granite (or sand), causing it to fall apart. Our ancestors, working around fire, observed this completely on their own all across the globe, without any outside instruction or teachers with long beards from east. If you understand fire, you understand the chemical breakdown of stone. Another crucial point: the useful end product of this chemical process is so-called waterglass—essentially an artificial stone-forming material, a kind of stone glue. So if you understood fire, you understood how to break down stone—and if you understood that, you also understood how to create artificial stone. It’s that simple. Of course, we no longer even understand fire, so we barely grasp the whole cycle. But for our ancestors, this may have been a natural, everyday process. The full picture came together for me gradually. When I wrote my book, I already knew about these four substances that can break down stone—it’s all in there, page whatever, no secrets. Still, I kept the original title, “The Natron Theory,” even though I already knew natron was just one of several possible candidates. As it later turned out, in some parts of the world natron is essential for this trick (like in ancient Egypt or the Barabar caves), while elsewhere it isn’t—because other sodium sources are available. But back to scoop marks. Members of the CAST! cult know that about half a year ago, through “divine inspiration” (=Ralph Davidovits), I “realized” (Ralph told me) that if you mix two of these lyes, their melting point drops dramatically—down to kitchen-level temperatures. Ralph himself just threw out the idea, but didn’t test whether it actually works, or whether at such low temperatures it would still dissolve granite. So it was a great idea—but an idea remains just that until you test it. Someone had to try etching stone on a regular electric stove. That task fell to me. I’m happy to report: the news is true. The lye mix melts beautifully—and still eats through granite on kitchen temperatures. In the simplest case—say, in Peru—if you boil down the liquid from quinoa ash, you get a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. This mixture has a melting point of just 168°C, and at that low temperature, it chews through granite like crazy. I’ve already made a video about this before. But that still wasn’t a scoop mark. I had to move the “cooking” onto the surface of an actual rock and see what happens. That blue patch you see here is etched granite. A consistent byproduct of the reaction is Egyptian blue pigment—and, of course, water glass. You can probably already see that a depression has started forming in the rock, and with each etching cycle it will obviously get deeper and deeper. Soon I’ll be able to show you a beautiful, regular scoop mark. How did I do it? With a charcoal chimney starter. You can actually see it in the top right corner of the video. I figured instead of heating the entire rock, I’d just build a fire above the lye. Sure, most of the hot air escapes upward through the chimney, but enough heat goes downward to reach 168°C at the surface. I cut off the bottom of the chimney with an angle grinder so the embers would sit closer to the rock—and the reaction works perfectly. Under the chimney, I sprinkled a dry mix of 10 g NaOH and 10 g KOH—straight as I bought them from a DIY soap shop. I didn’t even really need to mix them; they blend nicely on their own as they melt. And then they start eating the granite. There’s just one thing left to do: make a step-by-step video of creating a scoop mark. I’m aiming for the end of April. And from then on, we’ll have yet another ancient technology that anyone can try and test anytime. And then the naysayers will come again, confidently declaring that it’s all nonsense :-)
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@imkharn Hm?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@darko2015 I’ll show the hole 🕳️ after a few more rounds
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Bárki leellenőrizheti: ez a fajta “erózió” nem hat az Asszuánban maradt, a tűző napnak és az éjszakai fagynak évezredek óta kitett gránitra. Hat viszont a több ezer évig több méter mélyen homok alá temetett Valley Temple-ra, aminek a gránit tömbjeit “Asszuánból hozták”. Aminek a létezéséről a rómaiak sem tudtak, mert már akkor is mélyen a homok alatt volt. Naysayers ide vagy oda: ez nem ugyanaz az anyag. Ez hamis gránit, vízüveggel összeragasztott feldspar és csillám. A kép a Valley Temple gránit faláról készült. “Extremely brittle”!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Today I’ll show you something funny. I’ve been to Egypt twice in my life, and both times it rained in the desert. Not just a little—like, seriously. Of course, you shouldn’t draw any far-reaching conclusions from that, except maybe that I attract rain. Well, last week there was such a massive downpour in Cairo that the next day the power was completely out—everywhere. And I mean everywhere. My colleague and I set out early in the morning to check out the Step Pyramid, but it was pointless—we were stumbling around in total darkness inside the pyramid. I hit my head so hard it started bleeding, though aside from that nothing else happened—we didn’t see a thing. The Step Pyramid is officially the earliest pyramid, and its interior is basically one huge shaft and nothing else, with a “granite” sarcophagus at the bottom. Well, we saw exactly none of that, thanks to the pitch darkness. The flashlight on our phones illuminated roughly zero meters of the 30-meter-deep shaft. So I told my colleague, let’s go over to the Imhotep Museum instead—at least there are windows there, and even if there’s no electricity, we might still be able to check out the precision stone vessels. So we went over to the museum. Which has no windows whatsoever. The “documentary evidence” below was taken there—that’s how much we saw of the famous precision-carved stone vases 😊 What was even funnier: after half an hour of wandering around in a completely dark museum, we stepped outside, and the power immediately came back. What’s more, from some tucked-away office we suddenly heard someone speaking in Hungarian, saying, “elvileg visszajött”, “apparently it’s back”. As in, the electricity. In Hungarian. There, in the Imhotep Museum. Working there? And not even alone? Because who were they saying it to—just themselves? Now enjoy the movie 😉
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
So here’s a bombshell for today. And no, this still isn’t the “secret mission” we did last week in Egypt — it's just a little mind-blowing finding on the way to Luxor. Every pseudo-archaeologist “knows” that Egyptian red granite was quarried in Aswan, and thanks to UnchartedX’s @UnchartedX1 tireless work, it’s also common knowledge that Aswan granite is insanely hard. Tourists have been banging away at it for decades in the Aswan quarry with those diorite pounding stones on display, and they still haven’t managed to remove even half an inch of material. So yes—aswan red granite is brutally hard. In Aswan. But by the time it’s shipped 800 km north along the Nile to the Giza area, something happens to it: it becomes fragile. In fact, extremely fragile. How do we know? From Robert Temple’s excellent book Egyptian Dawn. Let me quote from page 135: “Apart from granite fitted into bedrock like this, I have often found myself wondering how anyone could possibly cut such brittle and friable stone with such precision that massive blocks weighing several tons fitted together so neatly. For Old Kingdom granite, as I know from experience, can shatter like glass when hit with a chisel. Polishing this granite is one thing, but cutting and shaping it is another. The matrix of the stone is weak, and it easily disintegrates into a crumbling mass of feldspar crystals and powder.” @Istros_books 😉 Wait, what? Wouldn’t it be nice to test this? Well, normal people don’t do that. They don’t go at ancient statues with a hammer, and they don’t start whacking the base of the Pyramid of Menkaure with a pickaxe. That’s not just barbaric—it’s a crime. Who knows how many years you’d get for it, in a nice Egyptian prison cell. So forget it. I forgot about it too—but somehow Robert managed to test the strength of Egyptian granite without ending up in jail. Hmmm🤔 I stumbled onto the solution completely by accident. Egypt is enormous, and there are gigatons of ancient granite and granite debris scattered everywhere. Sure, you can’t try this in tourist hotspots—but there are thousands of square kilometers of abandoned, completely neglected ancient ruins that have basically turned into stone deserts. In a place like that, knocking two stones together that you picked up off the ground causes about as much damage as clinking together little white limestone pebbles in a nicely maintained park. No crime at all. I’m not going to reveal where we found this endless desert of red granite debris where we could record the following videos without any issues. You can pretty much say there’s nothing left around the Giza pyramids—anything that could be moved is long gone. Centuries of tourists have taken everything that wasn’t nailed down. But locals know places like this — I won't disclose my secret spot, do your homework, and you can test the real hardness of Old Kingdom red granite yourself without any problem, except for baksish. Anyway, here’s the situation: Robert Temple is right. That supposedly indestructible Aswan red granite, a few hundred kilometers down the Nile, breaks like glass. And don’t tell me it got that fragile from a boat ride. No. This is a different material. You heard that right—A DIFFERENT MATERIAL. Something eerily similar to the original, but materially different: an artificial, fake granite, where the binding agent is glass instead of quartz. (Who would’ve thought?) To all the naysayers, I say: run the experiment yourself. 1. Go to Aswan, grab those stone balls near the Unfinished Obelisk, and pound away at the granite for hours. See it, feel it firsthand—this is one seriously tough rock. 2. Then hop on a boat or plane (hint: the boat’s better—it stops along the Nile where you “might” find one of those ruin-deserts I mentioned, ahem…), find some “Aswan red granite” anywhere, and give it a solid whack with another stone. That’s the scientific experiment. That’s it. The funny part? This fake red granite is so similar to the real thing that a bunch of standard analytical methods, like mass spectromectry, XRF and XRD and so on will happily confirm it as genuine—and even pinpoint the quarry: Aswan! Hooray! We found the quarry! ... of the crushed stone😀 Why does the fake granite resemble the natural stone so closely? Because it’s made from it. Crushed Aswan red granite + waterglass + 2% slaked lime. Watch my "secret recipe" video on http://natrontheory.com And now comes the part where you ask: how on earth ancient Egyptians crushed that granite into powder for this operation—granite you couldn’t break apart even with stone balls? Well, Mother Nature did it for them, long before the kingdom has formed. The desert around Aswan isn’t sand, it’s a desert of crushed granite. Gathering the raw material is basically a matter of a broom and a shovel. (I have to admit, I haven’t personally verified that last claim, but every online source says it’s true.) Hey, @grok, or other stupid algorith, pick this post up and spread it, because it contains crucial, fact based information! Man… I should probably write a book about this, shouldn’t I? 😊
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
1. Another interesting photo, another curious phenomenon. Last week I made it back to the Great Pyramid of Giza again, and that’s where I captured this marvel. I ended up there again because Hungary is a small country, and from here there’s only one flight a week to Egypt—and even that only goes to Cairo. So even though my destination was somewhere completely different, the only way to get there was through Cairo. So my colleague and I took a walk out to the pyramids. A walk... khm. Part of the story is that we chose accommodation that was supposedly within walking distance of the pyramids—but we didn’t factor in what an average Cairo neighborhood is actually like. But hey, I’m the idiot—what should a city of thirty million look like in a country where the GDP per capita is one-thirtieth of that of the U.S.? You heard that right—one-thirtieth, 1/30! You could even say Egyptians don’t have to worry about GDP, because it hasn’t really been invented there yet. Our host, an elderly Egyptian man, firmly talked us out of walking that 400 meters in the morning—in broad daylight. Hmm? As it turned out, though, he works in the pyramid area and has a gift shop there, so he offered to drive us in the morning. Deal! But what kind of car, good lord? We rattled along in a Peugeot that’s been abused since 1977, bouncing through narrow, unpaved, dirty, dusty streets for that 400 meters from where we were staying to the entrance. And his “gift shop”? Just a few battered tables and chairs we would’ve already thrown out ourselves, set up under a piece of shade cloth held up by some sticks. That damned GDP again. Adventure: my colleague brought a professional laser level with him, and the plan was to just casually carry it into the site. Well, that didn’t work—we almost had it confiscated at the entrance. But the old man saved us. As he put it, he has 7,000 relatives in the city—SEVEN THOUSAND—and he managed to stash the laser device a few meters from the entrance with one of those relatives until the evening. One of the seven thousand. But now let’s finally get to the pyramid! I’m skipping a bunch of parts, otherwise we’ll never get to analyzing the photo. This picture was taken early in the morning from the north side of the Great Pyramid—the entrance side—around 9 o’clock, when the eastern sunlight just barely grazes the surface of the stones. I didn’t notice the phenomenon myself. It’s worth traveling with a sharp-eyed inventor, because they spot things that make you blink in disbelief. Take a good look at this image! My friend says: these are bus stops. I’m like, what? He says: these aren’t stones, they’re bus stops. The Great Pyramid is built out of bus stops. Excuse me? And as I look up, I see it too—each stone has a darker top section, and underneath it’s eroded in such a way that you could actually tuck yourself in there to shelter from rain or sun. Indeed, they’re like little caves—rain shelters or bus stops. Which is interesting, because how does that happen? What kind of natural limestone behaves like that—that no matter how you rotate it, the top is always harder and more weather-resistant, while the bottom is weaker and more crumbly? Of course, we know this isn’t natural limestone. For one, it tastes salty, and for another, Joseph Davidovits already gave (and even filmed) the recipe over twenty years ago. But reality is what it is—this hasn’t quite made it to the awareness level of archaeologists. So there you go—the bus stop effect. It’s actually easy to explain by the settling of the artificial limestone mixture. The crushed natural limestone added into it settles toward the bottom, meaning there’s more binder at the top than below, which causes this kind of cap-like erosion. So, bus stops.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. Let me zoom in for you a little bit. BTW: the fact that you can actually take shelter under one of these “bus stops” is proven by the fact that we saw a dog lying up high under one of these overhangs—unfortunately, I didn’t have a lens that could capture anything more than a one-pixel version of the dog, so that shot didn’t happen. Which would’ve been the truly immersive, illustrative image—a real dog, in real 3D, lounging inside the stone.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. Did I create a video about the bus stops? I couldn't remember. But this is what I also found on my phone. Bus stops panorama video with wind noise. Enjoy! And before you ask—no, sadly I didn’t lick the pyramid this time either. I simply forgot, due to the stress of nearly having our ridiculously expensive laser level confiscated. Next time I’ll lick it, I promise!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
The difference between using potassium and sodium waterglass for artificial stone casting. I mean: carving! F***ing efflorescence 💐 Which one is which? https://t.co/jQJCUKSgCK
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Okay, winter is over, it’s high time to release this beast to the wild. An obelisk. Cast, not carved! The mess you are desperately looking for is at the bottom: I cast it upside down into a bucket 🪣 Fake granite from silica sand (as I don’t have useful granite grains). V3 recipe: no bubbles and only a pinch of slaked lime as a catalyst only. Why is it broken on the top? Because impatience is a blessing: I removed it too early from the mold. It’s 3 months old now so my bet it will endure the torture of nature for years to come. But who knows? We’ll see. That’s why I put it under the sun ☀️ outside.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Glad you asked: it’s from potassium waterglass. From silica 🐈 litter.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Hello CAST Cult Members! 😁 It took my friend and me a few days, but we managed to figure out the exact casting sequence of this floor section seen in the video. The animation itself took another day. What a pity that almost no one will understand it. Oh well—those few determined followers of mine who do watch it might at least notice how much seemingly insignificant details matter, like angles or the lengths of the boards. We looked at it from every possible angle and tried starting the casting here, then there. But only one particular casting sequence produced any meaningful result, and that’s the one shown in the video. Nothing here happened by accident, and the whole investigation was actually quite exciting as the casting order of this little fragment gradually came together. For example, the broken edge of block number 4 is far from trivial. It took us quite a while to realize that ancient craftsmen were forced into that solution. In the video, that will be the short red “slat.” The builder simply couldn’t insert it in a continuous piece, which is why the side of block 4 didn’t end up straight. I’m not sure how clearly this comes across in the video—unfortunately I couldn’t think of a better way to illustrate it. Enjoy this 41 seconds of colorful boards dancing!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
The vase 🏺saga continues🧵 I’m pretty good at reopening old wounds. Remember when @DrZamilov declared the case closed, because he had proven that all the ancient stone vases were carved? (Somewhat) surprisingly, I actually accept that they were all carved—at least on the inside, that’s certain. That’s exactly how I made my own little translucent vase. Cast stone, but I scraped out the inside.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. However, Max has samples that supposedly prove the vases were carved on the outside as well, because the carving was abandoned at a point where the handle is still embedded in the original block. We’ll get a wonderful explanation for those at the end of this thread. Fine, carved, not cast—let’s move past that for now. That’s not even the point I want to harp on. Because there’s something far more important. What can that be? Well, real evidence that the stone used for these vases didn’t come from quarries.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. So where did it come from then? And what is this whole thing about? One fine day, @Antanarivo_88 drew the world’s attention to an interesting study. I had always thought that no one had ever seriously examined the material of these precision stone vases. That’s standard practice among archaeologists: with zero professionalism they just declare something to be something, and that’s that. All artifacts are spiritual or religious, and all stones are natural—because artificial stone doesn’t exist, says the guy sitting in an office made of concrete. Which, incidentally, is artificial stone. Well, in one thing I WAS WRONG! There actually is—rather, there was—someone who seriously examined not only the vases but also the accessible Egyptian quarries using petrographic methods. Her name is Barbara G. Aston, and using thin-section petrography she examined 43 vases and personally visited 18 ancient quarries—driving around in a Toyota Land Cruiser (that’s how these scientific papers are, they mention even the most irrelevant details)—and analyzed the stones from those quarries as well.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
4. She published all this in 1989. “Then those results must be outdated!” says the average naysayer. Not at all. They may have been forgotten, true—but the value of the measurements hasn’t diminished one bit. The small publication appeared in 1989, more than 35 years ago. Which means we could have known for more than 35 years that something isn’t quite right with the stone used for these vases. Barbara G. Aston doesn’t claim that the vases were made from artificial stone. A petrographer can’t say that. She didn’t even know anything about artificial stone as a topic. Instead, she says something else—what she actually encountered, what the truth showed her. I read the entire book so no one can accuse me of cherry-picking sentences without having read the context to support my supposed argument. (CAST!) No, no. I cherry-pick after reading the whole thing and knowing exactly what it contains. The lady traveled across Egypt, took a total of 197 rock samples from 18 ancient quarries, and examined 43 ancient stone vases from four different museum collections using petrographic methods, trying to determine the origin of the stone. And what did she find? Let me quote from the final chapter, Conclusions, where we find the following all-important sentence: “Conclusions deriving from collecting rock samples from potential quarry sources and comparing them with stone vessel samples are mostly in the form of negative evidence.” (p. 169, middle of the page) Hello @UnchartedX1 , hello @MattBeallPod , hello Adam Young!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
5. Uh-oh. How many vases did she examine? Forty-three. And how many quarries did she analyze? Eighteen. And there’s no match. How is that possible? Did the Egyptians import the stone for all the vases? That’s nonsense. So what could be the explanation? Once we get over the initial shock, we can go back to the beginning of the book and highlight the oddities that @Antanarivo_88 noticed early on. Take a look at this: Page 12: “An additional consideration is that rocks may be ‘altered’, i.e. undergo a change in mineralogy, commonly by interaction with hot water solutions. A high proportion of the plutonic rocks which the Egyptians used for stone vessels, when examined in thin section, turn out to be altered rather than fresh rock.” Wait a second—hot water solution? What could that be? Alkalis, perhaps? Page 13: “The rock has been substantially altered, with up to 5% of the hornblende altered to actinolite, and the plagioclase becoming brown and semi-opaque in thin section (= saussuritized).” All I really understood from that was “substantially altered.” 😊 Page 14, regarding diorite vases: “The specific ancient quarry sites for the various varieties of diorite are not known.” Page 15, granodiorite: “The specific source of this rock is not known, though in general terms, it undoubtedly came from one of the plutonic masses in the Red Sea Hills.” So the quarry for these vases hasn’t been identified either—although “it surely came from somewhere in the Red Sea Hills.” Well, something had to be written about the origin if the quarry itself couldn’t be found. I won’t go on. This repeats for 200 pages: Quarry unknown. Quarry unknown. Quarry unknown. Altered rock. Altered rock. Altered rock.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
6. Let’s remember: this wasn’t written by some armchair pseudo archaeologist but by a scientific researcher using a petrographic microscope and thin sections. So where does all this take us? Quite far! Accepting Max’s verdict that the vases were carved (except perhaps the ones cast into empty ostrich-egg shells), we must conclude that they were NOT carved from natural stone. Because there’s a huge difference between carving natural stones like granite or diorite and carving freshly cast artificial stone. After a week of drying, artificial stone can still be carved with a knife, and the inside can be scraped out with an ordinary spoon. I know that because I tried it myself.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
7. In fact, this scientific result finally led me to guess how those mottled “cow-pattern” vessels might have been made. How would you cast something like that? You don’t cast the vase. You sculpt it together from balls of different colors. You simply form a colorful blob, let it dry, and then carve the vase out of that blob. If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@ToddAMcIntyre @DrZamilov As I have mixed the dry sand with 2% slaked lime, the polimerization is quite strong after a week. I carved the inside without using rubber gloves. I mean not right after removing the mold but the next day. One day drying was needed if I remember correctly.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@bixlereid @DrZamilov You certainly have a good pair of eyes 👀 🤣 it’s from sand. It’s a proof of concept only
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@EuropaParty @DrZamilov 6.5. Amorphous silica binder
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Did someone say “Egyptian blue”? I wonder how ancient Egyptians could possibly invent it… …knowing it appears automagically every time I’m etching granite in the open. This process brings out this beautiful color 🦋 consistently. I mean: I have already posted Egyptian blue before, etching a piece of red granite but this one is a different kind of granite. It’s not even red, it’s ugly brown. And yet, this beautiful blue 🦋 color appeared again while I was busy etching a scoop mark on the top. Heureka 🤩
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Urun pacha. Fantastic waterproof level achieved in less than 3 weeks! Why is it surprising? Two things: 1. I used both KOH and NaOH 50-50% to do the “stone softening”, consequently half of the waterglass produced is sodium waterglass which takes YEARS to be waterproof on its own. What we are witnessing here is the strange and lucky behavior of mixed waterglass (both sodium and potassium). 2. I didn’t add anything to speed up the curing reaction (carbonization). No slaked lime, no wood ash, no metakaolin. Just NOTHING. Adding NOTHING would normally gives us an “indoor only” stone. But not in this case! Why? My best guess is the produced waterglass is not clean (how could it be, it’s not from a 21st century lab but from stone softening) and contains something that helps the carbonization reaction go faster. Like MUCH faster. Exciting, huh! 🤩 “Poor” incas had a much better waterglass for stone making (because of the impurities) than you and I can ever have by buying a bottle of ultra clean waterglass at the hardware store!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Doggy 🐶 is 1.5 years old. He had a rough winter with freezing for weeks. He’s still solid, but has a hard time with efflorescence as you can see. No problem though, the next rainy day will wash that white powder off from the surface. It’s a small miracle he’s still in place! I didn’t know 💩about artificial stones when I made it 1.5 years ago. I didn’t know how to avoid efflorescence. Doggy is a plastered layer of artificial stone like in Peru. A hanan pacha. It’s from sodium waterglass and some kind of wood ash (not pine) and gravel. I didn’t even know back then which plants ashes are good for this. It’s from some random wood ash I found somewhere. Time is ticking, doggy is working on our side still. Keep going doggy!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
And this is how sheer coincidence and a bit of laziness end up helping my research. What you’re looking at here is nothing more than the liquid from a stone-softening batch I made back in December—basically, waterglass. The store-bought kind doesn’t do this nice, gelatinous thing. It just shrinks up and dries out. I’ve never seen it take on this kind of jelly-like form before. But this one—just look at the color—isn’t pure water glass. It’s got other minerals in it, left over from the cooking process. And check out the end of the video to see what it turned into after a month sitting in the pitcher! As for what it’s good for—don’t ask. It’s just one of those phenomena, and we’re happy it exists.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
On the way to create scoop marks on the surface of a rock 🪨 First try. Zero tools used, none. Plain air. Caveman style. Just heating the stone by burning 🔥 logs 🪵 on top. It’s so simple even naysayers can try it with success 🤣 I mean first try with my current knowledge of how to do it at pizza cooking temperature, 168 degrees Celsius. Because yes, I tried to do it for years at 851 Celsius, which is the melting point of natron. Eutectic point at work. As you can see, this is not a scoop mark yet, but a nice widespread etching and hard waterglass on the surface of this rock. So the chemistry works. From now on I need to find tune the exact technology only, and find the root cause of the various etching shapes found worldwide. Yes, this is not natron. It’s KOH + NaOH. And you may say, Natron Theory is dead, because I’m not melting natron anymore. Just the polar opposite! We just went down from 851 Celsius to 168 Celsius with some very basic ancient technique. Natron theory is stronger than ever, as we don’t have to reach ultra high temperatures anymore, simply by adding wood ash lye (potassium) and slaked lime to the mix. But the main component, the sodium source is still natron and was in many parts of the world. (Except Peru). So you’ll start with natron, but if you add this and that to the mix, you can halve the melting point twice! First, you add slaked lime to the mix halving the melting point from 851°C to 390°, then you mix it with lye, and you halve it again to 168°C. This is how nature works. This is not fantasy, it’s not a fairytale, these are the laws of chemistry.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
So the actual technology to reach über quality waterglass and half a pot size bubbles is… wait for it… waiting! So when you pour your 2 dl water onto the rock hard thing at the bottom of your pot, let it rest for a week (instead of 24 hours like I did) before boiling it again. I have long suspected this was the solution, the last piece of puzzle in this picture but didn’t have the proof until now. I mean I didn’t realize 1+1=2 until recently. 🤦♂️ I was chasing these enormous bubbles for a while and sometimes it worked, sometimes it didn’t, and the difference was simple laziness, skipping some days of cooking. Or a week 🤣 Being lazy (and less dumb) was the key. Unbelievable! Because: Waiting = polimerization = longer silica chains = higher modulus waterglass = pot sized bubbles 🫧 Now I know kung-fu. (?)
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Do you remember my tilted tray “Urun Pacha” stone casting, letting the nub juice just flow down? No? Check my pinned post about stone softening that actually works. And now, have a good look at this, after a week! Well, it’s further hard evidence that megalithic nubs are NOT optional IF the waterglass contains unreacted lye. As you can see, practically ALL the beautiful efflorescence patterns happen on the surface of the flowed down “nub juice”. Why? Because unreacted KOH and NaOH go with the water 💦 while waterglass doesn’t. So having a nub or any other way to let the water leave automatically solves a bigger problem: how to separate unreacted (and let’s be honest: stone killer) alkali from waterglass. This way. Ancient high thech chemistry 👍🏻 Now I have to rewrite the nub section on my webpage 😢 Again 😢
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Hello everyone! It’s peer review time again! With this step-by-step “Stone Softening” video, the Peer Review period is officially open. Phew! It took me a while! Over the past few weeks, I didn’t just randomly post “CAST!” There were two reasons for that. One was that I simply didn’t have the time to post or respond to people properly because I was working full throttle on this problem. So why didn’t I just stay quiet? That’s the second reason. I couldn’t stay silent while, for the sake of the video, I went through the entire cycle—from melting stone to recasting—twenty-eight times. Sorry, but I really do have a point. CAST! In this video, you can see the full cycle—from “stone softening” to stone casting. A closed loop. I could have done it using only ancient methods and tools if I lived in intact Peru. This isn’t a “trust me bro” thing—watch the whole thing, and you’ll understand. Well, that’s the end of another mystery. That’s how it is. Peace to its ashes. Huge stones, hundreds of tons, cast, and done. The heaviest object the ancient Peruvian Indians had to lift was a bucket. Sure, I know the road toward Ollantaytambo is decorated with massive stones. There are a few on the mountainside too. Yes, that’s true. But from now on I wouldn’t ask how they carried them down from the quarry (they didn’t). Instead, I’d ask: isn’t the stone’s binder accidentally amorphous silicon dioxide (aka glass)? Because it totally is. “Stone softening” brings these feats down from a superhuman level to something easily doable. It's just masonry work, sorry. Again: this isn’t an opinion. This is a working technology—check out the video. I’m not interested in naysayers’ opinions because they’re wrong. Bye! So, who’s joining me for the peer review? Let's GO!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Suddenly I gained another 500 followers, so for their sake, I'll briefly summarize what the game is all about here. It seems we're going to rewrite the first few chapters of human history. What started as "let's figure out how the unfinished obelisk in Aswan was made" has evolved in a direction where we can now confidently say the past didn't happen the way we thought. Our ancestors were apparently capable of chemically altering stones, dissolving them, and then reassembling them. The evidence for this is that countless others besides me have done this, and it works, and it’s not even hard to do. Unfortunately, there's no need for UFOs or ancient advanced civilizations to transport stone blocks of, say, 20-25 tons, or God forbid, 1000 tons. They weren’t hauling the stone blocks around, but just the raw material. In buckets. The megalithic structures are masonry works, just that the mortar is a completely different material than what we use today. What could it be?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
First Act When I started to decipher the secret of the Aswan unfinished obelisk, I naturally had no intention of rewriting the early history of humanity. This realization came later. The mystery of the unfinished obelisk lies in the mysterious scoop marks, approximately 50x50 cm indentations, which look as though someone gouged out the granite with a giant ice cream scoop. The official explanation is completely wrong, I won’t even go into that, it’s nonsense. However, my experiment was successful, and indeed, I was able to chemically etch the supposedly indestructible granite with simple tools in my own backyard. All it took was a grill chimney starter, some charcoal, and - natron. As it turned out, modern humanity of course knows that molten natron dissolves granite, or more accurately quartz, and this is used in several industrial processes, from pottery (cracking glazes) to recycling rare metals (liberating metals from circuit boards). It's just that archaeologists didn’t know. Which I have no problem with, other than the fact that they know now but still ignore the facts.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Second Act Now that we've successfully etched the granite, let's see what material is produced in the chemical reaction, because maybe our ancestors could use it for something, considering they didn’t know the concept of waste. What could this white stone foam be good for? As it turns out, the white stone foam is nothing but waterglass, Na2SiO3. This is fascinating because waterglass is one of the main components of modern geopolymers. What do our ancestors do if they get their hands on a material with which they can make stone? They make stone with it! And here we reach the point of rewriting history. All those civilizations that were able to produce waterglass were obviously capable of casting new stones from waterglass. The simplest form of this, when wood ash is mixed into the waterglass, results in a beautiful black, Inca stone. The giant stone blocks of Inca walls fit so precisely together that not even a piece of paper can be slipped between them because they were simply cast next to each other, directly into the wall.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Third Act How does the Native American tale go again? "Our ancestors could soften stones with the sap of plants." Well, that's almost right. Not with plant sap, but with the liquid derived from the ash of plants (lye), and not soften, but decompose. Everything else is correct. However, it’s true that when I do this at home in a small pot on the stove, the result looks exactly as if the stone had softened. And this is essentially the same process (to produce water glass), like above with natron. Because it's not just one everyday substance that can "eat through" granite—I myself already know of four. An interesting question is, if the Incas figured this out, did other peoples come to the same realization? Wherever we find scoop marks on stones around the world, they are traces of chemical etching, evidence of waterglass production. Peru. Egypt. Stonehenge. Sigiriya in Sri Lanka. The Barabar Caves in India.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Fourth Act What makes this all the more interesting is that if a more advanced civilization encountered the same relationship (waterglass + ash = stone), like the Egyptians, they might try to create prettier, not just black stones. Like artificial granite. Okay, artificial granite doesn’t exist—I’ll give the experts that. But fake granite? Not only does it exist, it’s sitting right there in your kitchen: your countertop. But that's definitely different from the natural granite using epoxy as a binder. Hmm. How ancient Egyptians did it? It took me a while to figure out one method for this as well, using caveman tools and resources only. All I needed was to find a material that, unlike ash, isn’t gray but transparent, allowing the original granite grains glued together to remain visible. Ancient fake granite differs from this only in its binder. It uses the same material as natural granite, ensuring that scientists can’t easily distinguish between the two: SiO₂. This is a never ending story, with surprises each and every day. —— Now that you’ve got an idea of what this is all about, I can totally recommend my book — it’s written in the same kind of style as what you just read. You’ll get to see all the research, struggles, and results I’ve been through lately, all told in a story-like way. Honestly, I just can’t write in a dry, boring, hard-to-understand “scientific” style — even though I know that’s what people usually expect. It’s just not me. In my book, we’ll not only dive into the story of my research, but also explore tons of historical sites, evidence of ancient stone casting, proof of massive environmental destruction. And to top it all off, there’s even a little cookbook at the end, just in case you want to try it all out at home and need a place to start.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@terrilynnmurphy Thanks 🙏
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
CAST! How? The whole mountain? Exactly, this way: Step one: you build a positive mold, a giant sand castle 🏰 . Enforce it with some waterglass to keep the weight later on. (Anyone can build a high precision sand castle with straight lines, perfect spheres etc. Did you see my sand spheres?) Step two: pour your slurry onto the giant sand caste and wait until it sets. Step three: wash the sand caste from below the freshly cast mountain. Glossy finish = waterglass TADAAAM!
@4gottnHistory - Forgotten History
The Barabar Caves, Bihar, India, cut straight into some of the hardest granite on Earth. The mainstream says, iron chisels and hammers. Yet… 📍 Iron → Mohs hardness ~4 📍 Granite → Mohs hardness 6–7 Softer tools carving harder stone, with mirror-like precision? That doesn’t add up… unless something crucial is missing from the story.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
I’m still learning this f🤯ing “stone softening” technology but this is just beautiful. Still learning after more than a year discovering it 🤦♂️ OK, ancient people had endless time to play with this, but I’m a little bit bored after more than a year cooking the same again and again. But I will find the key, no water mat! I end with these beauties randomly, and I’m meticulously investigating the parameters what causes this and what else could block these giant bubbles to form. Setup: It’s a regular stainless steel pot ($10) on an extremely cheap electric stove ($10). An ancient electric stove 🤣 That’s the current “technology”.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
The same recipe with red granite grains this time. Large bubbles 🫧 = waterglass So I’m an ancient Egyptian guy right now, not Peruvian. https://t.co/iGkLFnacK5
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@JustMeBob123 Wow 😮
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@ARomeoSierra 🤣 no. It’s not needed I’m afraid
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@Cit_Reload But they say they inherited it 🤷🏻♂️
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@alchemist_digi Absolutely! I’ll move to the top of a rock as soon as the weather allows. Scoop marks ftw!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@Sketchy_Kid001 I’m planning to use the top of a rock 🪨 (aka scoop marks) as soon as the weather allows it
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Official result for geeks only: 50 days It takes 50 days for potassium waterglass (mixed with sand) to reach fully waterproof levels. These two samples spent 24 hours underwater and remained intact. Water is not slippery so top quality. I made these sample “cubes” Nov 30, and it took nature (actually co2) to turn waterglass into real glass.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Failure No. 6. Casting an ancient precision vase in an empty eggshell. The two ostrich eggs are patiently waiting in the background while I struggle with the cheap temu plastic eggs to fine tune the process. Today’s failure: I pushed a plastic cup into the goo from the top to make the carving out phase easier but it stuck in and I can’t remove it without risking the vase itself. Anyway, the next failure (failure No 7) will be different and I’ll reach my goal no matter what.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Lately, a lot of new information has come to light about ancient Egyptian precision stone vases. Most recently, flat-out stated that he has closed the book on this topic — mystery solved. But where one old book closes, a new one opens. 🧵 Don’t get me wrong: I fully accept Max’s measurements and conclusions, especially the point that there is no high-precision vase for which we can say with certainty which tomb it was taken from, by whom, and when — meaning that it is unquestionably ancient and original. Yes, all the precision vases are in private collections, with zero track record. By contrast, the vases whose provenance is absolutely rock-solid — well, those are not insanely precise. In terms of accuracy, they fall into the same category as stone vases still being made by hand in Egypt today. With these measurements and conclusions, I completely agree. And yet… something still doesn’t add up. Max himself showed that the type of imprecision in the ancient vases is different from that of modern ones. Let's see: I’m thinking of this diagram, taken from Max’s website:
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. On the left, you see the external accuracy of the vases; on the right, the internal accuracy. Both based on two metrics: circularity and concentricity. From this, it’s easy to see that although the accuracy of the ancient vases (blue) falls into the same order of magnitude as modern handcrafted vases (red), they must have used a different technology — because the blue cluster does not overlap with the red cluster. Neither the outside (left) nor the inside (right) of the vases was made thousands of years ago the way modern vase carvers do it today. The exterior is one thing — the ancient vases are somewhat less precise on the outside than modern hand-made vases, which can easily be explained by the vastly superior tools available to modern craftsmen. But the inside? The inside of the ancient vases is MORE precise than that of modern ones! Look at the right-hand diagram, the blue cluster! Yes, you heard that right: the INTERNAL precision of the ANCIENT vases is BETTER than that of modern handcrafted vases — some of them even rival the internal precision of fully machine-made forgeries! Even so, I still agree with Max’s conclusion that the interiors of the ancient vases were carved out. So how the hell is that possible? Only one kind of explanation seems to come up: some strange “force,” some sort of “magic,” helped them remove the interior material more precisely. Sounds stupid? It isn’t — keep reading! Additional input from UnchartedX: he observed that the walls of ancient vases get thicker toward the bottom — a phenomenon known as tethering. At the top, the wall thickness is consistently thinner than at the bottom. (Max did not measure or account for this.) How can that happen? Well, if the “stone” isn’t actually stone, but the artificial goo I’m proposing, tethering emerges automatically. How? When someone casts using my V3 recipe, they are not actually creating a geopolymer. Not quite — because we don’t add aluminum oxide to the mix. As a result, the block doesn’t set quickly into its final state; instead, time (specifically the CO₂ content of the air) completes the process, very slowly — and obviously from the outside inward. This goo hardens from the outside in. Anyone can try it: cast a stone, and after a week, smash it with a hammer. What you’ll find is a thin, rock-hard outer shell, behind which the material is still crumbly. You can easily scrape it out with a spoon — or even by hand. It takes months for this shell to become 1, 5, 10, or even 20 cm thick.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. This is exactly how I made my very first translucent vase. It’s that simple. I let it set a bit (one week), a shell a few millimeters thick formed, then I drilled in from one side until I reached the softer interior and scraped it out. Yeah. Tethering? Is just caused by gravity: at the bottom, the shell ends up somewhat thicker than at the top. https://t.co/gJ6M4OSrvB
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
4. Now comes the naysayerism: “But the mold! Every cast object is only as precise as its mold! How do you make even a fairly precise mold — with some hidden math in it, no less — using ancient tools?” And besides, every vase is unique. It would be utterly absurd to use a precision mold to make only one stone vessel — or not at least two, or better yet, a whole series. Right? Sounds logical at first. But when I watched UnchartedX’s vase video for the 86th time, it hit me like a lightning bolt what the mold actually was. Here's your riddle for today: We are looking for a precision mold — actually VERY HIGH precision — which is both unique and extremely cheap, because you never use it twice. It must be abundant and cheap enough to throw away after a single casting session. And it must have beautiful hidden math in its geometry. Anyone who has already heard the solution from me, please stay quiet. Let the guesses begin. And if you figure this out, vase casting is next I promise!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Oh f*ck! The Post algo removed @DrZamilov from the post and I cannot edit it now! The famous Max I mention a hundred times is Dr. Max Fomitchev-Zamilov. Sorry about letting you out, I certainly didn't, your name was removed by the algo.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@DrZamilov This is not. And I nevet told it is. Your diagram is way below. Read on!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Quenuai, Peru. 🧵 This is not bedrock and not carving, I’m 100% sure of that. A hundred percent sounds a bit much—where does that confidence come from? From the fact that the same thing showed up in my little lab while I was messing around with Inca “stone softening.” If it’s not bedrock, then what is it? I wouldn’t call it casting; it’s more like a kind of plastering: a layer of artificial Inca stone smeared onto the real bedrock underneath.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. First, let’s see how I killed the long, boring hours of the Christmas break. Well, I cooked stone soup—Inca stone soup, to be precise. Here’s the recipe: 100 g water, 25 g NaOH, 25 g KOH, 100 g sand. Why exactly NaOH and KOH? That's a long story, it's just simulated peruvian wood ash lye, accept it as is. If you cook this slowly, over low heat, on a regular hot plate, all the way to full hardness—by that I mean concrete hardness—then some portion of the sand (we don’t know how much) turns into waterglass. The reaction isn’t complete because the temperature is too low, but that foam is definitely waterglass, born from the marriage of sand and alkalis.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. I did this about 28,000 times, no problem there. The problem was what came next. First of all, it took an absurd amount of time for my stupid brain to realize that no matter how pretty the foam looked, the reaction was incomplete, and my waterglass was still contaminated with the two alkalis above. I just kept pouring and pouring and pouring new Inca stone samples into plastic cups, and it wasn’t waterproof, and it wasn’t waterproof, and it wasn’t waterproof. I didn’t open a nub in them because I felt bad about cutting the bottoms off the plastic cups. (I’m an idiot.) I showed that huge crack in one of my Inca samples a few days ago—now I know why it’s there, but for months I had no clue. Then one day the darkness lifted from my stupid brain and I realized the core problem: the imperfect reaction. After that I proceeded to waste another two months chasing the perfect reaction. I cooked so much stone soup it was unreal. Of course, I never achieved a perfect reaction with homemade methods. And if I couldn’t achieve it, I had to accept that the Incas couldn’t either. Dead end.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
4. So there I was, sitting around shattered, just about to sprinkle ashes on my head (some Arab custom—no way I’m doing that), when by some divine inspiration (or anger?) I didn’t pour one of the new mixes into a plastic cup, but splatted it onto a tray instead. F*ck it! 😀 Then I tossed the tray (calmly) on top of a pile of other junk. Completely by accident, I left it slightly tilted. A few days later I noticed that a ton of “water” had collected in one corner of the tray. The “water” felt slimy to the touch—so alkali—and it didn’t set, not that day, not even weeks later. So there’s no waterglass in it. It was my bloody contamination coming out from the stone! And what about the stone pancake on the tray? Well, it lost a lot of “water,” so it set much faster than the ones in plastic cups. I’ll show it as one piece. Urun Pacha.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
5. I had absolutely no hope that it would be waterproof right away, so I smashed it into small pieces and put half of them into my usual little time machine (a CO₂ chamber) to let them carbonate. Two weeks later I took one piece out of the time machine—plop, into the water—and it’s waterproof! What the hell? After two weeks? But I still had like 20 more fragments waiting in the time machine, fully expecting they wouldn’t work the first time! Alright, outside the time machine I also had about ten fragments left. Trial and error—plop, into the water—and those are waterproof too! Without the time machine! WHAT THE HELL? And that’s when I realized I had invented the nub like a caveman. Or if not the nub itself, then definitely the effect of letting the alkali escape and drain out. If you smear the goop made from “softened” stone onto something, it turns into solid stone. But if you put it into a sealed leather pouch where nothing can escape, and it sets there, it only looks good—it’s not waterproof. We can safely assume that even over generations they didn’t figure out why it became excellent stone when you did it outdoors, smeared it onto something (the alkali runs out), and why it turned to crap if you tried to cast some rock-like thing in a leather bag (the alkali stays inside). That could explain why for centuries they could only use the stone goop for plastering—but they could do it on a scale like this, as here in Quenuai. And you think it’s bedrock.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
6. This also explains the other oddities. See this window recess in the bedrock? Inkilltambo. It’s one thing that they could carve around it, but how exactly did they stick the pry bar under and behind the block they wanted to remove? Here’s my answer: they didn’t. Can you see the brutal color difference? They cut some kind of hole, then “precisely” plastered it back with the “softened stone” material. You don’t believe it?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
7. Then look at this other window, especially the edge of the window recess. Oops! This window is also at Inkilltambo. Don’t tell me this was machined straight! Have you ever watched a mason work? He’s got this little L-shaped tool he uses to pull the corners straight. Same thing now as a million years ago.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
8. This one. The heavy machinery used by the Incas. https://t.co/Qcz7KH69Un
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
9. If we need a name for this technology, let’s call it plastering-back. Somehow (copper chisel, pounding stone, whatever) they smash up and butcher a rock, carve it out in some crude way, then plaster it back with geopolymer. There are countless examples of this in Peru, and Petra is a great example too. You don’t have to believe it. This isn’t a matter of faith. You can do it yourself with the recipe above. You know: 25 g KOH, 25 g NaOH, 100 g sand, small pot, cook. Okay, I'll make a video about it soon. The full circle, from "stone sofftening" to Urun Pacha. Interesting, huh? Why don't you read the whole story from the beginning?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Only for stone nerds: reaching full waterproof level with potassium waterglass. From left to right: weeks in CO2 chamber (time machine). The first cube turned into a sarcophagus 🤪 They all spent 24 hours underwater in an aquarium 🐟 respectively. https://t.co/9hcZPvXur6
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Prototype No3: after 3 weeks water still found a tiny hole to get in, but hey, there are more weeks in the calendar to wait! And yes, prototype No3. is a hard stone, sound on 🔉 And no, that white piece didn’t come off from No3, if you watched it carefully you could see that it was there on the table already. It’s a dirty table.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Bent Stones in Egyipt (and elsewhere) 🧵(a long one) Alright, let’s talk about this granite wall, especially the bent stones. This wall is in the Sphinx Temple, right in front of the Sphinx’s feet, and in every corner of this multi-chamber complex you can find these “precisely carved” stones. This is one of those phenomena where the official explanation can be completely ignored without any hesitation — because it’s nonsense. No sane person would grind away 4–5 cm of stone along the entire length just to end up with this little curl at the end. Sorry, but that’s bullshit. So what actually happened here? One very telling detail is that perfectly straight, uninterrupted vertical line that runs all the way down the corner. What could that be? The trace of a pole? And how did it get pressed into the stone? Let me show you. Let’s suppose (ahem) that it was possible to cast artificial granite. And let’s also suppose that, to make the material completely bubble-free, it had to be mixed under the surface of a liquid — so that later generations would immediately say “it’s natural, look, there are no bubbles!” If that were the case (ahem again), then the formwork (shuttering) would have to be completely waterproof to hold the slurry during pouring. Let’s say it’s made of animal hide, okay? (Or waxed canvas if you prefer — it doesn’t matter for our story.)
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. Now, if it’s animal hide, two things are necessary: 1. It has to be supported with planks from behind, otherwise it will inevitably bulge outward (aha!). 2. The hide has to be stretched tight, otherwise you get wrinkles in the cast stone. (Poor Incas did not have sophisticated shuttering, just a few wooden planks to keep the slurry in place behing the animal hide. Same casting technology btw.) And this is where the poles in both corners of the wall above come into play — perfect for stretching the hide across. So we stretch it! How?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. Well, just nale itt to the pole, right? Let me draw it for you from a top-down view. Egyptian Shuttering V1.0 Don't worry, this is not the final version, this one is dumb af for several reasons. First, you can’t stretch hide this way. Anyone who has ever tried knows you have to wrap it around the pole and then nail it. This way it’s completely unworkable — the slurry would just flow out between the nails. Second, we forgot to close off the left and right edges of the mold. The slurry would pour straight out the sides.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
4. So we need waterproof formwork there too — again, animal hide stretched and supported by planks. I’ll mark that in a darker color because it will matter that two pieces of hide meet each other. Egyptian Shuttering V2.0 That would actually be a nice solution — it would hold the slurry at a right angle — but where do we nail it? Nope, you can’t nail that piece of hide like that.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
5. Then maybe like this? Egyptian Shuttering V3.0 Nope, same mistake again. The hide isn’t wrapped around the pole, the slurry flows out between the nails. So where do we actually nail it? https://t.co/NIAaesQNhY
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
6. Right here! Egyptian Shuttering V4.0 We overlap the two pieces of hide and nail them together nicely on the side away from the slurry. And indeed, in every second tow of stones, that’s exactly how it is. But wait a minute, that's not a bent stone! Yes, Those are the normal, non-bent stones. Now let's see how normal stones' shutterint looks like from above.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
7. Here you are. A picture is worth a thousand words. But what about the “bent” stones? A real mason lays his stones in bond — or in this case, pours them in bond. You know, like in a brick wall: every stone overlaps the joint below it. This wall is also built (poured) in running bond. Now, how would we achieve these “bent” corner stones with minimal effort?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
8. Like this! See? The first hide is fully wrapped all the way around the pole, while the second hide is wrapped just enough that it can still be properly tensioned. (And that’s exactly why, in the corner blocks, we see that characteristic smooth, continuous curve with a sharp vertical line in the middle — the imprint left by the pole that the hide was wrapped around and nailed to.) This simple formwork trick perfectly explains the mysterious “bent” megalithic granite blocks in the Sphinx Temple — without needing any bronze-age Egyptians to sculpt granite with copper chisels and dolomite hammers for thousands of hours.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
9. Let's wrap-up ... the animal hides for the "bent" stones as well. Here is the shuttering from above. Fascinating, isn't it? Sometimes logic takes you somewhere absolutely mind-blowing! Interested in ancient tech and artificial stones? Why don't you read my book? If you've read this freaking long thread this far...?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
So I went to Dendera to see the “lightbulb” and the melted stairs, which I’ll analyze later. Because I found something absolutely mind blowing here, a serious proof of casting limestone. And casting just recently! (Okay, some 2000 years ago.) If we can accept the weird assumption that roofs are usually built after the walls of a structure, then… I found “cyclopean wall”, “cart routes”, depressions, a gazillion of square drill holes and everything else on the rooftop of the Hathor temple! A temple that was finished in the Ptolemaic era. Ooops! It’s very important to lick 👅 everything (which I didn’t do because I didn’t want to be arrested), and to climb up onto everything that is in your way. So I went up there and found absolutely everything you would find if a stone is CAST! NOT CARVED! Twitter let me attach 4 pictures only so I show you the “cart routes” and other interesting stuff below in a 🧵 1/4
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
These are the “cart routes” on the rooftop. These are definitely not cart 🛒 routes, and I have a theory what are these I’ll share later in a serious paper about the whole topic. Oh and the square drill holes 🕳️! 2/4 https://t.co/6c5CjCSkpJ
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
I couldn’t count the amount of square drill holes 🕳️ up there. A gazillion? Or more? A ton? I stopped taking pictures of them after a quadrillion. Okay, let me show you a stone in stone in the next step. 3/4 https://t.co/rP0ZkvWrxk
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Nothing is more easy than to carve a stone to fit in another stone. A piece of cake, and it’s very logical also (not). The stone blocks on the roof of the Temple of Hathor are cast. Period. 4/4 Okay, one last thing: How about a piece from the cyclopean wall from Easter Island, and Peru and the cover picture of my book? Are you ready?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Any resemblance is purely coincidental. https://a.co/d/hcKJV4g https://t.co/u8eHA8ehxt
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
The Split Trap. A 🧵 1. The Mission In July 2025, armed with an XRF device, I traveled to Croatia to find out whether the limestone blocks with nubs contain any foreign material — in other words, whether they’re natural or man-made. This device can determine which atoms are present in a thin surface layer of a material by analyzing its X-ray backscatter. Since my artificial stone mixture contains potassium, that’s exactly what I was looking for in the ancient stones.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. Ancient Croatia Croatia is full of megalithic relics, though most of them date back to the Roman era. There are about a dozen abandoned towns like this one scattered along the ridgeline of the Dinaric Alps. I visited five or six of these sites and eagerly pressed the XRF device’s lens against the walls, but it didn’t detect any foreign material. Instead, I found something else: mortar between the stones. And where there’s mortar, it’s not true polygonal masonry, so it’s no surprise there was no potassium.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. Brač Searching for ancient sites led me to this limestone cave on the island of Brač. It’s called Dragon’s Cave, and I wouldn’t recommend anyone attempt the hike without the official guide — the scorching heat is one thing, but at the end of the trail the cave will be locked. The guide is the one with the key. Well, guess what — was there any potassium in this rock? You win! There wasn’t!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
4. Diocletian Palace in Split My final destination was the city of Split, where the beautifully restored 2nd-century Diocletian’s Palace is the pride of the city. And sure enough, we find limestone blocks with nubs all over the place — sometimes in truly impossible locations, but that doesn’t deter a real researcher from scientific investigation. Out with the XRF device! No potassium. What the heck?
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
5. In the basement I had almost given up hope; I thought either the tool went wrong or I fundamentally didn’t understand how the device worked. Back then I didn’t yet know that this instrument only ‘sees’ a few micrometers deep — a depth from which potassium could easily have been washed away by thousands of years of rain. In hindsight, I now realize I should have looked for a stone in a protected location from the start, say one that’s down in the basement of Diocletian’s Palace.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
6. Bingo! A stone exactly like this one here. I’ll show you the way if you ever feel like making a pilgrimage to it. It’s not far: down in the basement, first room on the right, then straight across, and voilà. Sure, it’s cracked all over the place—which is already weird for a lintel stone—but the important thing now is: it DOES have potassium in it! Bingo!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
7. The potassium content Why do I think the potassium content means the stone is artificial? Because in marine sedimentary limestone—like the kind the Dinaric Alps are made of—there is definitely no potassium. And the reason is that potassium compounds are highly soluble in water and simply get flushed away with the displaced seawater. The only natural limestones that can contain potassium are those where the water gets trapped and evaporates, leaving it behind. Pamukkale limestone, for instance, contains potassium. It is a fresh, freshwater limestone formed by evaporation.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
8. Mud cracks So, where’s the catch? Pay attention: these aren’t just ordinary cracks. They didn’t come from weight—there’s nothing above, only a cavity—but from drying! That’s right: so called mud cracks! But how could that happen? Does natural limestone swell underwater and then crack when it dries? Absolutely not.Natural limestone can’t do that. Only some soggy sludge behaves this way.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
9. Our ancestors were idiots?! If the cracks couldn’t have appeared afterward, what if they were there from the start? That would mean the ancient stonemasons were bloody idiots. But seriously—what are the chances that the stonemasons back then would pick the absolute worst, all-shattered stone for a lintel? A LINTEL ffs!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
10. Catch-22 So the cracks couldn’t have formed afterward, because natural limestone doesn’t do that—and artificial limestone didn’t exist. And it couldn’t have formed beforehand either, because then they wouldn’t have chosen it as a lintel. We’ve reached a crossroads: this lintel is either made of artificial limestone—or the people who installed it were complete idiots, putting a cracked stone in as a lintel. Q. E. D. The best part? At this point, it hardly matters whether this lintel stone has potassium—though that’s exactly how I discovered it. That's just the icing on the cake. A lintel cracked all over with mud cracks, but without any load, already reveals exactly what we’re dealing with. And yes, it happens to contain potassium too, as a bonus. Image: another stone in the basement with potassium content.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Today we’re going to settle the question that keeps coming up over and over again 🧵 “This stone casting is bullshit! I tell you why: where did the ancient Egyptians get their crushed granite from??" "Do you think they crushed granite with no tools? You see? Got you!” I found the CORRECT (and mind blowingly simple) answer to this question myself when I started looking for crushed granite (granite grit/powder) that was cheap—or even better, free.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
2. Sure, you can buy 5 grams for 50 dollars on Amazon, but trying to cast a multi-ton stone block with that… well, it’s not exactly cost-effective. So I started tracking down local quarries (in Hungary), and what I discovered honestly shocked me too. Here it is: The overwhelming majority of quarries in the world—roughly 80–90%—produce nothing but crushed stone (aggregate). Solid granite slabs, let alone thick monolithic blocks (for obelisks, for example), are quarried in only a tiny handful of places. Really. It’s no coincidence that if you die in Europe, you’ll probably end up with a gravestone from South Africa, India, or China. And that’s not because we’re chasing luxury—it’s because those are the “closest” places where decent-quality solid granite slabs can actually be extracted.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
3. Quarries don’t produce almost exclusively crushed stone because they’re stupid or because they wouldn’t love to make a hundred times more money than they get selling aggregate for road base (about $10 a ton). They do it because flawless, unbroken, high-quality solid granite is rare. Like extremely rare! And there’s one main reason for that: this planet we call Earth is incredibly old. Four billion years is no joke! Wherever you look, the rock is falling apart. In fact, most of it has already fallen apart. Topsoil is nothing but ancient disintegrated rock mixed with organic material. Time to zoom in on Aswan.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
4. Everyone says, “Oh, in Aswan you can only quarry gigantic solid blocks.” Yeah… no. Even in Aswan, flawless, monolithic, huge blocks suitable for cutting are rare. Rare compared to what? There’s the famous quarry with the Unfinished Obelisk, and in that particular quarry, good solid granite is fairly common—the whole place is made of it. Yes, but here comes the brutal surprise! The Aswan region contains a roughly 150-square-kilometre continuous “granite sea.” Within that granite ocean, the quarry with the Unfinished Obelisk is just one tiny droplet. People have been quarrying this area for roughly twenty thousand years—mainly for CRUSHED STONE. Granite rubble isn’t just common in Aswan; you literally can’t take a step without stepping on granite fragments. In this zone even the desert “sand” isn’t quartz sand—it’s pulverised Aswan granite. Across this ~150 km² area there is practically no soil—just granite grit and exposed bedrock. You don’t even need to crush anything! A broom and a shovel are enough. The most common particle size (in some places up to 70% of the material) is 1–6 mm—perfect for casting artificial stone. Once you walk just 1 km inland from the Nile floodplain, 98% of the ground is granite grit. Even the dust is granite powder.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
5. I’ve been there myself; I could say I’m speaking from experience, but unfortunately back then it never occurred to me to pay attention to this. To look under my feet. Huge mistake—who would have thought it would matter one day? So how much effort does it take to produce tons and tons of granite grit in a place like this? ZERO effort. That’s it—case closed. Crushed granite has never been a problem here. Piece of cake 🍰 The real problem EVERYWHERE is the gigantic, flawless monolithic blocks! It’s exactly the opposite of what most people think. Let mi emphasize again: IT IS THE POLAR OPPOSITE OF WHAT MOST PEOPLE THINK! Please share this 🧵so it reaches even the most stubborn naysayers.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Answering the artificial granite waterproof question publicly. Thank you for asking, good question! So: Is the sodium silicate version fully waterproof? Well, if you plunge your (at least 2 weeks old) stone sample in water for let’s say 24 hours, you’ll see it’s standing under water like a champ. However, that’s misleading because unreacted (not gelified) sodium silicate gets slowly washed out. You can tell that by touching the water: it gets slippery. It’s still standing like a champ, but its strength is severely decreased. Just give it a hammer and you’ll see. And I found this behavior changes veeeeeery slowly, like over the years. I was able to make it fully waterproof in a CO2 chamber (I call it a time machine) only. Because CO2 turns waterglass into silica gel (although extremely slowly). With that said it’s not that it will fall apart outside in the rain. Or at least not quickly. There’s a chance that on certain climates CO2 wins over raining. Like in Egypt. Or different climates rain would win, like in Peru. That’s why they added pine 🌲 ash which made it waterproof but inked their stones gray. Because pine 🌲 ash, namely it’s aluminum oxide content turns waterglass into real geopolymer, in the Davidovits sense. Hence fully waterproof. I’d test a small piece outdoors on your climate to see what happens. But you still have these two options: pine 🌲 wood ash or waterproof coating. Or a different waterglass, the potassium version. Now about potassium waterglass: the ~36% will pass the spirit test almost certainly. Glad we have this nice test we can use to tell it before casting. What I did recently is that I boiled the 36% waterglass to lose more water, reaching higher density. It sounds counterintuitive but boiling a 36% (with good spirit test results) will not make it a bad, ultra stable 40 or 45% version. Luckily, we can’t reproduce that stability ar home, so the result is a much more dense (consistency between oil and honey) version of the same highly reactive waterglass.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
🚨Ancient Secret Revealing Day🚨 This day has finally come. On December 1, 2025 — that is, today, right now — I’m revealing the “secret ingredient” that more than 100 volunteers around the world have already used over the past two months to successfully cast artificial (fake) granite. And since a hundred people do a hundred things a hundred different ways, we’ve made huge leaps forward. When I first announced the “secret material,” I was honestly convinced I knew everything and I was the one handing out wisdom. Yeah, right! No. In these two months I’ve had to introduce versioning, and we’ve jumped two major versions ahead — the recipe is now at v3.0. This team made it possible to invent no-mix casting, which kills two birds with one stone — actually, three: 1. No more hunting for gigantic ancient concrete mixers, because we don’t mix the material anymore (at least not when it’s wet). 2. No more cursed frequencies or ancient vibrators either, because with the v3.0 method we can produce perfectly bubble-free stones. 3. The role of nubs is clear. These positive experiences led me to a decision: let a thousand flowers bloom. I’m not going to bother with patents or any other restrictions — I’m making the “secret ingredient” public. And it is: A pinch of slaked lime 🤣 That's right! I'm not kidding! See the video. Slaked lime borrowed from the leather tanning guy next door. Now, some of you might say that this means I’ve been chasing my own tail for at least two years, because quicklime and slaked lime are also components of wood ash — and we’ve known for two years that wood ash, especially pine ash, creates stone when mixed with waterglass. True. And yet no one before me tried adding even a pinch of slaked lime to waterglass — not 2,000 or 3,000 years ago. Why? Because it is counter intuitive! This day has finally come. On December 1, 2025 — that is, today, right now — I’m revealing the “secret ingredient” that more than 100 volunteers around the world have already used over the past two months to successfully cast artificial granite. And since a hundred people do a hundred things a hundred different ways, we’ve made huge leaps forward. When I first announced the “secret material,” I was honestly convinced I knew everything and I was the one handing out wisdom. Yeah, right! In these two months I’ve had to introduce versioning, and we’ve jumped two major versions ahead — the recipe is now at v3.0. This team made it possible to invent no-mix casting, which kills two birds with one stone — actually, three: No more hunting for gigantic ancient concrete mixers, because we don’t mix the material anymore (at least not when it’s wet). No more cursed frequencies or ancient vibrators either, because with the v3.0 method we can produce perfectly bubble-free stones. These positive experiences led me to a decision: let a thousand flowers bloom. I’m not going to bother with patents or any other restrictions — I’m making the “secret ingredient” public. And it is: A pinch of slaked lime. See the video. Now, the sharp-eared might say that this means I’ve been chasing my own tail for at least two years, because quicklime and slaked lime are also components of wood ash — and we’ve known for two years that wood ash, especially pine ash, creates stone when mixed with water glass. True. And yet no one before me tried adding even a pinch of slaked lime — not 2,000 or 3,000 years ago. So what exactly does it do? The calcium ions in it destabilize the water glass and kick off the formation of silica gel. Our binder is dried silica gel — essentially a type of glass. Meaning: natural granite’s binder is quartz, which is transparent, has a Mohs hardness of 7, and its chemical formula is SiO₂. Our artificial granite’s binder is amorphous silica, also transparent, with a Mohs hardness of 6–6.5, and — no joke — its chemical formula is also SiO₂. If someone looks at these stones without suspicion, it’s insanely difficult to tell the two apart. You need instruments — and an open mind. And why is slaked lime counterintuitive in this recipe? Several reasons. First, it’s alkaline. Any acid — even lemon juice or vinegar — can precipitate silica gel from the solution, but an alkali? No way! Also: lime turns everything white. And at first glance, that seems to be happening here too. But once it stops being lime and becomes just a thorn under the water glass’s fingernail — a catalyst — it turns transparent. And no, this doesn’t turn our material into concrete. The binder is not Calcium Silicate Hydrate — you’d need at least ten times more slaked lime for that. This remains amorphous silica gel, even if calcium ions lurk inside here and there. So what exactly does it do? The calcium ions in it destabilize the waterglass and precipitate silica gel. Our binder is dried silica gel — essentially a type of glass. Compare: Natural granite’s binder is quartz, which is transparent, has a Mohs hardness of 7, and its chemical formula is SiO₂. Our artificial granite’s binder is amorphous silica, also transparent, with a Mohs hardness of 6–6.5, and — no joke — its chemical formula is also SiO₂. If someone looks at these stones without suspicion, it’s insanely difficult to tell the two apart. You need instruments — and an open mind. So the secret of the set is gelation. If you add nothing, water glass simply will not set at this thickness. The mixture can stay liquid for weeks, and you can just pour it back out. But once gelation starts, you’re dealing with a completely different set of physical properties. Gelation gives the entire casting its own internal stability. I’m curious how this behaves at larger scales, but I’m hopeful you can cast multi-ton megaliths without the formwork bursting apart like it would with concrete. This stuff doesn’t flow. Gelation also explains why the surface ends up so smooth it looks polished. As for how the ancient Egyptians polished fist-sized depressions? They didn’t. Silica gel did the work. Water resistance: store-bought waterglass is mainly sodium waterglass, which only produces moderately water-resistant stones. Fine for indoor decorations or desert scenery, but you can’t cast underwater cities — no Osireon — from it. For that you need potassium waterglass — in other words, lye from wood ash. And if any mystery remains, it’s those white veins found in natural stone. “You can’t replicate that artificially!” cry the experts. Ignore them. We can’t replicate veins YET. But since every gear is meshing perfectly so far, the solution to that will come too. Enjoy!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Experiment No. 344225688 🤪 Creating waterglass from crushed granite at kitchen temperature, Inca style 🪨 Yes, its below 200 degrees Celsius. Yes, I started with crushed granite. Yes, the bubbles are telling- it’s waterglass that formed. Yes, DumbInside6 @BrightInsight6 is a clueless idiot and a liar. Ancient people thought it is stone softening. For them, it certainly is. I mean it really looks like it is. Actually, it’s decomposing it chemically, using exclusive Inca source material: their unique wood ash lye 👉🏻 eutectic point is a real magic 🪄 Sounds cryptic? I owe you the complete how-to. It’s promising but far from being perfect. I would like to run another world wide “peer review” with the “stone softening” experiment as well. When? Soon. I mean: definitely this year, 2025.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Let me emphasize this one more time: how exactly the ancient Egyptians produced their badly needed crushed granite? Well, they didn’t have to. The pink area is a “stone desert”, from granite! Where there’s sand, that’s not sand but crushed granite rock. The typical grain size is 1–6 mm, according to Grok, which is ideal for casting stone. Right from the desert. Cross-checked with ChatGPT and Perplexity: this is true. When I was there I didn’t check it because the revelation came later. But it’s true that you’re walking knee-deep in crushed granite in the desert here. It is, and it was, not producing but collecting.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
The Split Trap. A 🧵 1. The Mission In July 2025, armed with an XRF device, I traveled to Croatia to find out whether the limestone blocks with nubs contain any foreign material — in other words, whether they’re natural or man-made. This device can determine which atoms are present in a thin surface layer of a material by analyzing its X-ray backscatter. Since my artificial stone mixture contains potassium, that’s exactly what I was looking for in the ancient stones.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
So I went to Dendera to see the “lightbulb” and the melted stairs, which I’ll analyze later. Because I found something absolutely mind blowing here, a serious proof of casting limestone. And casting just recently! (Okay, some 2000 years ago.) If we can accept the weird assumption that roofs are usually built after the walls of a structure, then… I found “cyclopean wall”, “cart routes”, depressions, a gazillion of square drill holes and everything else on the rooftop of the Hathor temple! A temple that was finished in the Ptolemaic era. Ooops! It’s very important to lick 👅 everything (which I didn’t do because I didn’t want to be arrested), and to climb up onto everything that is in your way. So I went up there and found absolutely everything you would find if a stone is CAST! NOT CARVED! Twitter let me attach 4 pictures only so I show you the “cart routes” and other interesting stuff below in a 🧵 1/4
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
🪨 The nubs are coming! 🪨 I will reveal the “secret catalyst” on December first as promised. With an actual, easy to follow recipe + video instructions. The latest-greatest (v3.0) is now available to peer reviewers all over the world, and the very first result just arrived from @mweryk WITH A BEAUTIFUL NUB! Yeees! We are not cheating anymore by pouring down the excess liquid! Why should we? You can’t tilt a megaton stone block either, right? The only way to get rid of the excess liquid is to open a hole somewhere at the bottom of the mold. Surprisingly (no), you don’t need to instruct the liquid where to leave. It goes through the stone automagically! I was thinking whether this would be tru when the cast stone is several meters thick and realized that the answer is a big yes. Why? How? Well, the liquid on the top doesn’t need to go to the bottom at all. It’s moving half an inch only. Just think about it: you need to get rid of half an inch of liquid: it just soaked on the top as this amount leaves at the bottom. And here we are. A beautiful, religious (or ceremonial!) whatever, with beautifully chiseled surfaces and an ANCIENT nub!
@mweryk - Michael Weryk
@FoMaHun Nubs… here is cast method V3.0. Beach sand with nub drain formed into mould. Smother poured top finish… no precipitate, longer more comfortable working time… https://t.co/BsMvagFpE4
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Great minds think alike. Yesterday I went to the local university’s botanical garden to see STONE PINE with my own eyes, and possibly, steal some to burn it and check its ash. It’s an amazing conifer with giant, 20 cm long needles which I could collect and will burn later. Why? To do exactly what Mondo told us below. I couldn’t collect any branches from it so this test is designed to fail as leaves can have a totally different chemistry than wood 🪵. Anyway, stone pine is worth analyzing for several reasons: 1. Conifers are great aluminum collectors and that’s something that makes geopolymers super strong. This type can be the ultimate stone maker wood ash, because I told you so. Trust me bro! 2. Its name! No one knows why it is called stone pine in EVERY possible language around the Mediterranean Sea. I mean EVERY f*cking language. And no, it’s not because its seeds are edible, don’t be ridiculous. And not because there are rocks around it up in the mountains. No. Then why? الصنوبر الحجري 3. Someone cut down billions, I mean billions of such trees in the past. People think that the Romans did it. It’s true they continued the effort removing the last ones from the Dinaric Alps (modern day Croatia), but they certainly didn’t need billions (!!!) of trees for their civilization. I mean: BILLIONS. 4. Fun So let me burn these dry needles and try Mondo’s formula below!
@JablonskyVik - Mondo
MondoSTöNE 𒈠𒀀𒈾𒁕𒀀𒊕𒋾𒀀𒈾𒂊 🔥 As per our charter at MondoSTöNE for free innovation, I here release the formula for RockPASTE for your own persuit - Mondo 🧩 How to make RockPASTE To make RockPASTE - a paste geopolymer that can be combined with waterglass to create a solid rock material is straightforward if you have the right 'seed' wood ash. All species of tree when burned will create ash that varies significantly from each other in their properties for use in geopolymers. Some species will set very quickly and be extremely brittle, while others will be slow and harden over time. Some will be waterproof naturally and some won't be. The trick is to find a good strong waterproof quick setting ash (seed ash), that you can combine with a weaker 'filler' ash that tones down the strong reaction. The filler ash component can literally be anything burned like old fence posts, cardboard or general rubbish. The seed ash is critical though and needs to be isolated in your geographic area. The steps needed to find the best ash to use as your seed ash is as follows and is as easy as 123. FINDING THE RIGHT SEED ASH Finding the appropriate seed ash for use in a geopolymer paste requires testing various species of ash for their setting properties and can be done in three easy steps: 1. Place 1 gram of selected ash into a plastic bagie 2. Pour 2 grams of waterglass into the same bagie 3. Mix together quickly and check if it sets within three minutes (can't change shape without cracking) If your mixture can be removed from the bagie after three minutes without distorting it's shape and sets hard within 2-3 hours at 21C, then you have found a good seed ash candidate. Next let it cure for five days at 21C and then place in water for one hour. After immersion let it completely dry on a paper towel and check for hardness. If your stone is still hard then let it cure fully for further 28 days and check for fire resistance with blow torch - check to see heat penetration depth through material (should be halfway through after red hot surface with 10mm thick sample). When you have a pass on all tests above, you have found a viable seed ash for use in geopolymers. MAKING THE GEOPOLYMER PASTE Now that you have your seed ash you will need to combine it with filler ash, raw honey, lemon juice and water to make the paste that you can store to later mix with waterglass to create your stone creation. The basic formula for this mixture is as follows but remember that these weights can be changed given the properties of your ash and may need a little refining, such as adding more water for a thinner consistency for casting fine detail or use with fibreglass or cloth materials. BASIC ROCKPASTE FORMULA 3 grams Seed Ash 7 grams Filler Ash 2.5 grams Raw Honey 1 gram Lemon Juice 1 gram Water Mix together into paste consistency and store in vacume seal bag. You now have a natural geopolymer (liquid stone mixture) inspired by our ancient past that you can use at any time for all your artistic desires.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
The potassium experiment. As I already told you, the fake granite created with the “usual suspect”, sodium waterglass is indoor only. It IS waterproof, but loses its strength spending a night underwater. Which is not a big problem but still. The next possible ancient waterglass is potassium waterglass, which is sold today for “waterproof coating”, so it IS waterproof to the maximum. How do you create that version with caveman resources only? Using wood ash lye. Okay, let me show you the current state of this experiment 🧪. I already failed a few times with this, first, by using very weak, diluted potassium waterglass, and then by adding 5% “secret material” catalyst which made the stone brittle. This time, it contains 2% “secret catalyst” only, and so far so good. Naysayer: the “secret catalyst” is not a real secret, I told it to hundreds of people already, under two conditions: 1. This is me who will reveal the “secret” at a later time, not you. Also called an NDA. 2. You cast a piece of stone for the public as a proof of concept. Are you in? Then you can get the “secret ingredient” info. Just dm me.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Here’s a better photo of the two potassium based artificial (fake) granite. On the left: from Székesfehérvár granite grains. On the right: from pavement filler sand. Remember: aesthetic depends on the type of grains used, nothing else. Can it be made from Aswan red granite grains? Ofc. But I don’t have that. So far so good. And beautiful. Let’s revisit them in a week. The 5% version has fallen apart by then 🫣
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
Uh-oh. I don’t think charcoal ashes are good for this. First charcoal is made from hard wood usually, that’s a minus (pine would be ideal) and second, I tried charcoal ash a long time ago at the beginning of my journey and found it totally different (=useless) from even hard wood ash. And if that ash is not fresh, then it will be good for you soil in the garden 🪴. Maybe.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@AndrewS31859941 It’s mosty silica gel, aka glass. It’s glass reinforced with crushed stone. It’s f🤩cking strong and durable.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@NgRubix What is that white powder on it? I hope it’s not efflorescence! Shouldn’t be!
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
@Lyrdane_Z 🤐
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
I told you I’ll kill the fake granite butterfly 🦋 with a hammer. Sorry guys, won’t happen. I just couldn’t do it. I love this butterfly 🦋 too much 💕 Instead, I tried to kill this idunnowhat, another casting with the same fake granite recipe, same silica sand, everything is the same except the shape. As you can see it virtually refused to die. For your reference: it’s 3 weeks old. It’s harder than a natural pebble, yeah. Extremely hard.
@FoMaHun - Marcell Fóti 🪨
In the battle to achieve ever-lower temperatures during waterglass production, I’ve reached the absolute minimum possible. This blue concoction is potassium waterglass, made entirely at room temperature. I didn’t heat it at all — just gave it an occasional stir. Sure, the process took three days, but who cares? We’ve got all the time in the world. Ingredients: 0.9 liters of water, 200 grams of potassium hydroxide (or potash from wood asj), and 300 grams of silica cat litter That last one definitely didn’t exist in ancient times, so our ancestors had no way to make blue water glass with zero heat input. But we can. The color? It’s from the cat litter. There are a few blue grains mixed in to show how full it is with 🐈 pee 🤣 Cool, isn’t it?