reSee.it - Tweets Saved By @deedydas
@deedydas - Deedy
A single fairly unknown Dutch company makes maybe the most expensive and complex non-military device ($200M) that builds on 40 years of Physics and has a monopoly responsible for all AI advancement today. Here's the story of ASML, the company powering Moore's Law.. 1/9 https://t.co/neBV1hQkIz
@deedydas - Deedy
ASML's extreme ultraviolet (EUV) machines are engineering marvels. They shoot molten tin droplets 50,000x/s with a 25kW laser turning it into plasma as hot as the sun's surface to create 13.5nm UV light —so energetic it's absorbed by air itself. 2/9
@deedydas - Deedy
Each $200M machine contains mirrors that are the smoothest objects humans have ever created. They're made with layers of molybdenum/silicon, each just a few atoms thick. If you scaled one to the size of Germany, its largest imperfection would be 1mm high. 3/9
@deedydas - Deedy
This light goes through the mirrors onto moving 300mm silicon wafers at highway speeds (~1m/s) with precision better than the width of a SINGLE SILICON ATOM (0.2nm). That's like hitting a target in SF from NYC with the accuracy of a human hair. 4/9
@deedydas - Deedy
TSMC's 4nm process for NVIDIA H100 needs ~15 EUV layers (+80 DUV layers). Each layer must align within nanometers. One machine processes ~100 wafers/hr. Cost? About $150K of chips per hour. Other techniques cannot get the quality + throughput + cost to this level. 5/9
@deedydas - Deedy
Why monopoly? The supplier network: — Zeiss (optics) — Trumpf (lasers) — VDL (frames) 40 years of co-development, 40,000 patents, 700+ suppliers. They own 24.9% of Zeiss's semiconductor div. Replication would take decades + $100B+. 6/9
@deedydas - Deedy
The complexity is astounding. Each machine ships in 40 containers and takes 4 months to install. The supply chain spans 700+ companies. 100K+ parts per machine, 40K patents protecting it. One missing component = global semiconductor disruption. 7/9
@deedydas - Deedy
Only three companies can run cutting-edge EUV: — TSMC (that makes GPUs for Nvidia) — Samsung — Intel. ASML machines are the only way to make chips dense enough for modern AI. Each H100 has 80B transistors. The next gen will need >100B. Impossible without EUV. 8/9
@deedydas - Deedy
Rich Sutton's "The Bitter Lesson" is that general methods that leverage computation and Moore's Law are the most effective for advancing AI research. In the iceberg of AI technology, while LLMs are at the top, ASML is at the murky depths. It has kept Moore's Law alive. 9/9
@deedydas - Deedy
This is shocking. Facebook gave Netflix all your private messages on Messenger in exchange for all your watch history, while Netflix paid them $100M+ for ads. Meta will sell your data at a heartbeat for profit.
@deedydas - Deedy
Source: https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24520332-merged-fb
@debarghya_das - Deedy
BIG Immigration news! UCSIS made a huge statement about how it evaluates the EB-1A Extraordinary Ability visa, the only non-backlogged one for Indians. Top Highlights: High Salary "person’s highly valued equity holdings in the startup are of comparable significance" 1/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Leading and Critical Role "Founder or co-founder of, or contributor of intellectual property to, a startup business that has a distinguished reputation" With distinguished reputation defined as— 2/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Leading and Critical Role "business has received significant funding from venture capital funds, angel investors... commensurate with funding rounds generally achieved for that startup’s stage and industry, as a positive factor regarding its distinguished reputation." 3/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Final Merits "person’s employment or research experience with leading institutions.." as defined by "having high or very high research activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education" or ranked in "QS World University Rankings" 4/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Comparable Evidence "if a petitioner demonstrates that a particular criterion does not readily apply to the person’s occupation, the petitioner may submit evidence that is of comparable significance to that criterion to establish sustained acclaim and recognition." 5/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Comparable Evidence "publication of scholarly articles is not applicable to a person whose occupation is in an industry rather than academia, a petitioner might demonstrate ... work at a major trade show is of comparable significance to that criterion." 6/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Published Material "print or online newspaper or magazine articles, popular or academic journal articles, books, textbooks, similar publications, or a transcript of professional or major audio or video coverage of the person and the person’s work." 7/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Original Work "Detailed letters from experts in the field explaining the nature and significance of the person’s contribution may also provide valuable context for evaluating the claimed original contributions of major significance" 8/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
For researchers in general — Explicit references to "high h-index for the field.", journals with high "impact factor."! 9/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
One main takeaways is that for startup founders with funding, 2 of the 3 criteria you are met by (a) Leading / Critical Role and (b) High Salary. If they can get one of Membership, Published Material, Judging, Original Work (patent) or "comparable evidence", they're set. 10/10
@debarghya_das - Deedy
Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-6-part-f-chapter-2#footnote-41
