TruthArchive.ai - Tweets Saved By @Engineer2The

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/ Cleanup day. A summary of threads for things I've worked on in no particular order.

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

2/ The Connor Reed early case

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1. The search for cluster zero continues. Connor Reed (from UK - age 25) was an English teacher in Wuhan. He's an early case, developing symptoms on Nov 25. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8075633/First-British-victim-25-describes-coronavirus.html

First British victim, 25, describes coronavirus Connor Reed, a 25-year-old expat from Llandudno in North Wales, has worked in a school in Wuhan, China, for almost a year and was the first man infected with the coronavirus in November. dailymail.co.uk

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

3/ The mahjong and early market cases

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/🧵on the earliest market cases and an exploration into where the market outbreak began. First, a summary of the situation highlighted in purple as of Dec 13, 2019. #RacoonDogGate

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

4/ The early official cases outside the market

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

In my earlier thread, I probably should have covered the NON market cases as well on the right.

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

5/ The unofficial early cases before the market outbreak

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

6/ Some evidence that parts of the DARPA grant were carried out by the Chinese without DARPA funding

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/ Some have suggested that since the DARPA grant was rejected, the work wasn't done. This is not necessarily the case, as some DEFUSE proposed work was in progress or already done. 🧵on what work proposed in DEFUSE was carried out. https://drasticresearch.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/main-document-preempt-volume-1-no-ess-hr00118s0017-ecohealth-alliance.pdf

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

7/ Showing the earliest official case is not related to the Huanan Seafood Market

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

8/ Sorting out some errors and misconceptions in the published cases

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

9/ Background on 51M the first Beijing case who was at a pharmacy near the market and onset of Dec 17, 2019

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

One of the new patients disclosed in this paper is 51M. He was previously not known to be an early patient and/or connected to the Huanan seafood market. However, he is among the earliest genome patients in December 2019 and connected to the market.

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

10/ Sorting out and resolving some errors in various published papers

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

11/ Information on the Shi Zhengli Chinese bioengineering research grant

@TheSeeker268 - The Seeker

The project summary of Shi Zhengli's 2018 NSFC project. Via @Engineer2The "We will target the SL-CoV strains which use ACE2 as receptor and investigate the binding ability between the S-RBD and ACE2 of different origins.. web.archive.org/web/2021081720…

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

12/ Showing how the market case map closely reflects transit rail stops

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/ I ran this crude comparison of the Wuhan rail stops vs the Weibo case data for Jan-Feb 2020. I certainly don't claim to be a mapping expert, but thought it's easy to see a a pattern in the data.

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

13/ Some more info on early cases

@babarlelephant - babar

First preprint with @Engineer2The @Drinkwater5Reed @Franciscodeasis on our dive into early Covid cases, focusing on sequences. https://zenodo.org/record/6672912 We found some raw reads unpublished as sequences (https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/71/15/713/5780800 ) and that Beijing's 1st case was earlier than thought

On some unpublished early SARS-CoV-2 sequences The origin of SARS-CoV-2 is still unknown: the chain of events that brought a virus whose close relatives are found in Rhinolophus bats in the Yunnan province and in Laos to the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan in early December 2019 remains to be elucidated. In particular, the non-market patients and the genetically more ancestral Lineage A remain mysterious. A retrospective analysis identified 174 patients with onset in December, among them only 15 have been sequenced and published, often multiple times. By collating as much data as possible on early cases we found some data on 65 patients with onset in December 2019. Furthermore, we detected two patients who had been sequenced, but whose sequences were never uploaded to a public database and whose raw reads, although published, were not reanalyzed. We also present some information on the first Beijing patient, who had an onset date of December 17, 2019 and was related to the Huanan market outbreak. Using the collated information, significant progress has been made towards solving the discrepancies in the early sequences. A phylogeny of 19 early patients is presented, based on onset dates, as well as several tMRCA estimates – falling in late November. zenodo.org

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

14/ A closer examination of which market case first infected the market. https://t.co/GMdIZv5jZM

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/ 🧵exploring which human case could have been the first market case by examining details of each case. https://t.co/fs6hFfMR6O

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

15/ Some details of the Ben Hu research grant. https://t.co/44D09VuFfj

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/ 🧵on the WIV research grants and researcher Ben Hu. Ever since the discovery of the DARPA proposal, some key questions remain unanswered. https://t.co/wVPNadJCSl

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

16/ Some details of the Ge Xingyi research grant. https://t.co/kJpCsiE4Z7

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

17/ Some details of the Zhao Xuesen research grant. https://t.co/LPbO5sJbpF

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

18/ Thread dismissing the Huanan Seafood Market as the origin of the pandemic. https://t.co/j3bGovvwPq

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1⃣ The origins of SARS-CoV-2 remains unsolved. Whether zoonotic in origin, or the result of lab leak remains a mystery. Here I show why the Huanan Seafood market can be dismissed as the origin of the pandemic. https://t.co/8iRwTUZwfi

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

19/ More up to date details and citations for 48F and 57F cases. https://t.co/CgY7oLWnLg

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

20/ A partial list of WIV workers. https://t.co/N9h5SEwck2

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/ 🧵I've been meaning to do for some time. We may need to go back to the future to see what's correct after new intelligence is released. There are 700+ WIV personnel. Only 20-30 work in the emerging infectious diseases group (specializing in SARS like virus). Who are they? https://t.co/4rlkTD2NAh

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

21/ A discussion of the Lineage A family cluster and the onset dates. https://t.co/FkClHpqLvk

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1⃣ A review of 62M LineageA, onset Dec 1, 2019 and early cases in Huang et al 2020 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 https://t.co/CD22KNFO4D

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

22/ The Huanan turtle vendors and relation to Liu Deyan clinic https://t.co/eaarXTyDkD

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf Counting 5 days of incubation time also for pat4, it's Dec 27th, where he was still in Shenzhen. The family was traveling on Dec 29th. Even a travel related (airport, taxi,...) infection is rather unlikely for pat4, as 3 days is a rather short incu time.

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf For the relatives other than rel1(baby at hospital), they all got I'll the same day, which points to a family meeting/evening meal with an infectious adult. The incubation time of the relatives matches best the infectious period of pat4 (yellow), less for pat3. https://t.co/F201CiYw1q

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

@a_kruschke @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf There are other instances where onsets differ by 3 days. They mostly occur during husband/wife pairing like this from Li et al 2020. M49 and F48 are husband and wife. The increased exposure time likely shortens time to onset. https://t.co/1UgZsJVyZO

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf Do you have a reference please? Unfortunately, the problem with many papers is the lack of sound experience from field work.

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

@a_kruschke @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf Thanks. I'll have a look.

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf Nice study. I remember the figures. One of the first studies that provided useful epidemiological indicators despite the poor data situation. (Let's keep aside the affiliations of the authors.)

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf Agreed, there's one of the clusters with an incubation time of 3 days, but it's in the cluster 4. https://t.co/eGUPurDd2D

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf The yellow cases could be infected at the Wet market, too. https://t.co/qPRhJ7lQjb

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf However, the authors calculated the mean incubation time even higher. "The duration from illness onset to first medical visit for 45 patients with illness onset before January 1 was estimated to have a mean of 5.8 days (95% CI, 4.3 to 7.5),.."

@a_kruschke - A.Kruschke

@Engineer2The @BillyBostickson @gadboit @mbw61567742 @gdemaneuf This of course doesn't exclude the possibility of 3 days incubation time, but it is outside their CI. Possible, but rare, and therefore questionable.

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

1/ It turns out that Ben Hu and Guo Li were on the October NIAD SARS conference call. Perhaps this isn't surprising as they are listed as a contributors in the DEFUSE proposal. https://x.com/WashburneAlex/status/1734783976689017107?s=20

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

2/ Shown in @CharlesRixey Prometheus Shrugged substack is a complete list of the management plan and support team. Note that both Ben Hu and Guo Li are in the list and match the conference call E-mail list. https://prometheusshrugged.substack.com/p/deusexgaslight

Gaslight of the Gods: The new DARPA report raises a lot of questions no one is asking For $133B a year, Americans deserve more than a giant bureaucratic middle finger prometheusshrugged.substack.com

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

3/ I'd like to take a moment and highlight Xinyi Ge who is also on the conference call. He was the lead on discovery of WIV1 and always maintained a close relationship with his former lab at the WIV. (now in Hunan) https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12711

Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor - Nature Whole-genome sequences of two novel SARS-CoV-related bat coronaviruses, in addition to a live isolate of a bat SARS-like coronavirus, are reported; the live isolate can infect human cells using ACE2, providing the strongest evidence to date that Chinese horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV. Peter Daszak and colleagues identify two novel coronaviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats that are closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the cause of a pandemic during 2002 and 2003. They also isolate a live virus from these bats that has high sequence identity to SARS-CoV and that can infect human cells using ACE2, the same receptor that is used by SARS-CoV. The results provide the strongest evidence to date that horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV. The 2002–3 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was one of the most significant public health events in recent history1. An ongoing outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 suggests that this group of viruses remains a key threat and that their distribution is wider than previously recognized. Although bats have been suggested to be the natural reservoirs of both viruses3,4,5, attempts to isolate the progenitor virus of SARS-CoV from bats have been unsuccessful. Diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) have now been reported from bats in China, Europe and Africa5,6,7,8, but none is considered a direct progenitor of SARS-CoV because of their phylogenetic disparity from this virus and the inability of their spike proteins to use the SARS-CoV cellular receptor molecule, the human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)9,10. Here we report whole-genome sequences of two novel bat coronaviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats (family: Rhinolophidae) in Yunnan, China: RsSHC014 and Rs3367. These viruses are far more closely related to SARS-CoV than any previously identified bat coronaviruses, particularly in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Most importantly, we report the first recorded isolation of a live SL-CoV (bat SL-CoV-WIV1) from bat faecal samples in Vero E6 cells, which has typical coronavirus morphology, 99.9% sequence identity to Rs3367 and uses ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for cell entry. Preliminary in vitro testing indicates that WIV1 also has a broad species tropism. Our results provide the strongest evidence to date that Chinese horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV, and that intermediate hosts may not be necessary for direct human infection by some bat SL-CoVs. They also highlight the importance of pathogen-discovery programs targeting high-risk wildlife groups in emerging disease hotspots as a strategy for pandemic preparedness. nature.com

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

4/ In 2019, he received a research funding grant for project "2019JJ20004 - Genetic Diversity and Interspecies Transmission Mechanisms of Coronaviruses." https://archive.ph/xc4Tk https://t.co/0fifO3VxiY

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

5/ A paper titled "Interspecies utilization of mouse ACE2 as a Receptor for BAT SARS-like Coronavirus WIV1" followed the research grant. Note that grant numbers match. The submission date of the paper is December 9, 2019, with publish date of Jan 6, 2020. https://t.co/rOjcHtbd1A

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

6/ "In the present study, pseudoviral infection experiments were conducted to compare SARS-CoV BJO1 and SL-CoV WIV1 on their ability of using human, civet, bat, mouse ACE2 and ACE2 mutants to enter cells." Zhengli Shi student Bingjie Hu in on this paper from Hunan. Why?

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

7/ Interestingly, the Ge Xingyi grant title sounds very similar to the Shi Zhengli grant: "Evolutionary mechanism of bat SARS-like coronavirus adaptation to host receptor molecules and its risk of cross-species infection" https://archive.ph/XcS81

@Engineer2The - TheEngineer2 🇨🇦

8/ Did the Chinese pool their grant funding on this research topic? It sure looks like it. Why else would a WIV student be on a Hunan paper? It's a short rail ride from Changsha lab to WIV, so daily commute is possible. What else did they work on? This story isn't over yet...