@aaronshem - aaronshem
ie, we only need to reduce our emissions by 48% to achieve net zero and weโll need to increase emissions to sustain current concentrations thereafter.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
The FDA is literally preventing Americans from protecting themselves from cancer. While people in the US burn with decades-old sunscreen formulas, Europeans and Australians enjoy superior protection that the American government won't let its citizens buy. The bureaucracy is so broken that one company has spent 20 years and $18 million trying to get FDA approval for a single sunscreen ingredient. ๐งต
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
The FDA hasn't approved a new sunscreen ingredient since 1999. Let that sink in. Your smartphone has been updated thousands of times since then, but your cancer protection is stuck in the Clinton administration. Meanwhile, dermatologists routinely recommend sunscreens from Australia, Europe, and Asia that Americans can't legally access.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
International sunscreens contain newer UVA filters like bemotrizinol that offer stronger, broader protection. US sunscreens focus mainly on preventing sunburn but provide weaker coverage against the deeper skin damage that causes cancer and aging. Europeans got bemotrizinol in 2000. Australians in 2004. Even Canadians got it in 2023.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
Why the delay? Because a 1938 law classifies sunscreen as an over-the-counter drug requiring lengthy clinical trials, while most countries treat it as a cosmetic product. Think about this: you can walk into any store and buy ibuprofen, which can cause stomach ulcers, kidney damage, and heart problems. But sunscreen gets stuck in an 86-year-old regulatory framework that nobody bothered to update.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
The absurdity gets worse. Americans literally stock up on superior sunscreens when traveling abroad because they know the difference. But not everyone can afford international travel to protect their family from cancer. The FDA is creating a two-tiered system: good protection for the wealthy, inferior protection for everyone else.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
This is "drug lag" in action, the additional time FDA requirements force consumers to wait before accessing better products. As @dr4libertyย noticed in his article published by CATO Institute (https://www.cato.org/blog/bureaucratic-sunburn-what-fda-wont-let-you-prevent): "Drug lag is cruelest to terminally ill patients, to whom it denies the right to try to save their lives by using drugs that have already been proven safe but are awaiting efficacy approval. Many seriously ill Americans die waiting for the FDA to approve drugs that regulators in other countries have already approved." People are literally dying waiting for treatments available elsewhere.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
Even if bemotrizinol gets approved tomorrow, there are several other proven sun filters Americans still can't access: Tinosorb M, Mexoryl SX, Mexoryl XL, and Uvinal A Plus. Each one requires the same bureaucratic marathon. Each delay means more cancer cases that could have been prevented.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
The real tragedy? We'll never know how many people got skin cancer because they couldn't access better sunscreen. The FDA can point to their "rigorous safety standards." But they can't point to the families who never had to deal with preventable cancer diagnoses. Bureaucrats measure their success by procedures followed, not lives improved.
@sfliberty - Students For Liberty
How many cases of skin cancer could have been prevented if Americans had access to the world's best sunscreens? We'll never knowโbut the delay is indefensible. Want to learn how to spot these kinds of government failures before they become obvious? Check out our free 5-day course: How to Not Be An NPCโThink Like Thomas Sowell ๐ https://go.studentsforliberty.org/npc-sowell/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/10ใ That's the point, Brian! When it comes to taxes & spending, there's not a dime's worth of difference between Democrats and Trump. That's why @elonmusk lost patience with @realDonaldTrump. Tariffs are taxes, and 9ร is a BIG tax increase. But it hardly scratches the deficit. Do you have any idea how enormous Trump's $2 trillion/yr federal deficit is? https://www.usgovernmentspending.com/federal_deficit_chart https://www.usdebtclock.org/ For each family of four, the federal government is adding $23,500/year to the national debt. AND IT IS GETTING WORSE. Tariff revenue could at best cover about 5% of the federal budget, and that's optimistically ignoring the cost of the probable consequent recession (or worse).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 2/10ใ Trump is much more like a Democrat than a conservative Republican. W/r/t his personal conduct, he resembles Bill Clinton or Gary Hart. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 3/10ใ But Clinton had better manners than Trump. Trump is a narcissist, and a foul-mouthed, hypocritical, lecherous creep, who contradicts himself constantly.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 4/10ใ There are some bright spots. For instance, Trump 2.0 is showing more respect for real science than Trump 1.0 and the Democrats did. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/10ใ But Trump resembles Biden in many ways, none of them good. Both men lie constantly, and both even stole troves of government documents from the White House when they left office, some of them classified top secret. https://theweek.com/articles/651704/miss-george-w-bush I miss principled, conservative leadership.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/10ใ It's been over 16 years since we had a POTUS who I would trust to watch my dog for the weekend.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/10ใ On 1/17/2025, just before he left office, President Biden tried to amend the U.S. Constitution by decree & wishful thinking, to ratify the defeated ERA. Three days later President Trump tried to amend the U.S. Constitution by decree & wishful thinking, to end "birthright citizenship" for children born to aliens here temporarily or illegally, contradicting the plain language of the 14th Amendment. BOTH of those acts SHOULD be offensive to every American, and especially to every conservative. But as far as I can tell, the vast majority of people offended Biden's executive overreach on 1/17 were fine with Trump's on 1/20, and the vast majority of people offended by Trump's executive overreach on 1/20 were fine with Biden's on 1/17. "Until the people have, by some solemn and authoritative act, annulled or changed the established form [of the Constitution], it is binding upon themselves collectively, as well as individually; and no presumption, or even knowledge, of their sentiments, can warrant their representatives in a departure from it, prior to such an act." - Federalist #78
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 8/10ใ Both Trump and Biden are showing obvious signs of cognitive decline (though Biden's has progressed further than Trump's).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 9/10ใ Perhaps worst of all, both men determine their "convictions" based on a moist finger in the political wind. In fact, both of have completely reversed their positions even about murdering unborn babies, when it was politically convenient.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/10ใ So, yes, I know the Democrats are as bad as Trump. I know Biden tried to amend the Constitution by decree, and he lied constantly, just like Trump. I know Biden is even more pro-abortion than Trump, and he's as much of a tax-and-spend Keynesian as Trump. But THOSE ARE NOT GOOD EXCUSES for the GOP's abandonment of conservative principles! Biden & Harris are Democrats, so I expect it of them. We used to be able to expect better from Republicans.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 10-part tweetstorm compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1952741608404685125 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/6. Global warming has not detectably worsened floods. Do you understand graphs? https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=wetdry#wetdry
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/6. Even the IPCC acknowledges that climate change has not detectably worsened floods. https://sealevel.info/AR6_says_changes_in_flood_magnitude_or_frequency_undetected03.png In a warming world, the "water cycle" should accelerate slightly, which could be expected to increase overall rainfall, and perhaps floods (and to decrease droughts). But the effect on flooding is so minor that, thus far, it is undetectable, according to the IPCC. Here's an excerpt from their Sixth Assessment Report (WG1, Chapter 11): 11.5.2 Observed trends. The SREX assessed low confidence for observed changes in the magnitude or frequency of floods at the global scale. This assessment was confirmed by the AR5 report. ...
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/6. In fact, none of the supposed major harms from #ClimateChange which the climate industry's FUD-based marketing predicts have actually come to pass. Hurricanes and tropical cyclones have not worsened, nor'easters have not worsened, coastal sealevel trends have scarcely changed, flooding hasn't detectably worsened, drought impacts have decreased, and severe tornadoes have decreased.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/6. The climate debate has NEVER been about whether "climate change is real." If that's what you think it is, you're not getting accurate, balanced information. https://www.quora.com/It-is-claimed-that-97-of-climate-scientists-state-that-anthropogenic-climate-change-is-real-What-evidence-do-the-3-who-dont-think-so-have-What-are-some-good-counterarguments-to-their-claims/answer/Dave-Burton-2
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/6. The scientific evidence is compelling that manmade climate change is real, but modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are beneficial. https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-greening-earth-study-finds/ This is a NASA video about one of the major benefits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/6. To understand a contentious issue like climate change requires balanced info. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=agriculture That's a resource list with: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to best blogs on BOTH sides of the issue
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1941590773809455434 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
To learn about #ClimateChange see: https://www.sealevel.info/learnmore.html It has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to best blogs on BOTH sides
@atensnut - Juanita Broaddrick
Hallelujah. Common sense has taken over.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/18. Interesting story, Jeffrey, but it would've been improved by omitting the climate propaganda: https://time.com/7274542/colossal-dire-wolf/#:~:text=elephants%20that%20can%20better%20survive%20the%20climatic%20ravages%20of%20a%20warming%20worldโฆ "Climatic ravages of a warming world" are the same threat level as unicorn fart pollution.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/18. We don't need to engineer "elephants that can better survive the climatic ravages of a warming world." The existing elephants survived the mid-Eemian Climate Optimum, which was clearly warmer than now. Here's a NOAA graph: https://sealevel.info/Temperature-change-and-carbon-dioxide-change-measured-from-the-EPICA-Dome-C-ice-core-in-Antarctica-v5_200pct.png (I added the annotation, identifying the Eemian and Holocene [current] temperatures.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/18. NASA measures those "climatic ravages" (benefits). This is their video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI Are you surprised? Then you haven't been getting balanced, accurate information.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/18. The effects of CO2 emissions are heavily studied. They have a modest, benign warming effect, and large benefits for plants and animals. Here are some additional papers & articles about it: https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/18. Here's how elevated CO2 "ravages" (benefits) agriculture. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929390
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/18. Here's a paper how it benefits even corn, which, significantly, is a C4 photosynthesis crop: sciencedirect.com/science/articlโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/18. In fact, among agronomists it has been settled science for over a century that elevated CO2 is extremely beneficial for crops. This @sciam article is 125 years old! https://sealevel.info/ScientificAmerican_1920-11-27_CO2_fertilization.html They called anthropogenic CO2 emissions "the precious air fertilizer."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 8/18. Long-settled science confirms that CO2 emissions are enormously beneficial for both natural ecosystems and human agriculture, just as predicted by Nobel Laurate and Pioneer climatologist Svante Arrhenius, over a century ago. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrhenius#arrhenius
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 9/18. Thousands of rigorous subsequent studies have confirmed and refined his results. This site indexes many of them: co2science.org/data/plant_groโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/18. Rising CO2 levels are also very beneficial for natural ecosystems. They cause deserts to retreat, because plants become more water efficient and drought resilient when CO2 levels are higher. CO2 improves water use efficiency and drought resilience for plants by reducing stomatal conductance and, consequently, water loss through transpiration. Here are some references: 1. Chun JA, et al. (2011). Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and water stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency in corn. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(3), pp 378โ384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.015. 2. O'Leary GJ, et al. (2015). Response of wheat growth, grain yield and water use to elevated CO2 under a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment and modelling in a semi-arid environment. Glob Chang Biol. 21(7):2670โ2686. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12830 3. Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13263 4. Uddin S, et al. (2018) Elevated [CO2] mitigates the effect of surface drought by stimulating root growth to access sub-soil water. PLoS One. 13(6):e0198928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198928 5. Taylor, C & Schlenker, W (2021). Environmental Drivers of Agricultural Productivity Growth: CO2 Fertilization of US Field Crops. National Bureau of Economic Research, no. w29320. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29320 6. Chen, Xin et al (2024). The global greening continues despite increased drought stress since 2000. Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 49, 2024, e02791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02791.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/18. That makes droughts much less destructive. When CO2 levels were < 350 ppmv, catastrophic famines, usually triggered by drought, were common. Compare: โ COVID-19 killed about 0.1% of the world's population โ The catastrophic 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2% โ WWII killed 2.7% of the world's population โ But the near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world's population.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 12/18. Thankfully, catastrophic, drought-triggered famines are fading from living memory, and one of the main reasons is the 50% increase in average atmospheric CO2 level, thanks to fossil fuels.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 13/18. If you're young, you might not realize what a threat catastrophic, drought-induced famines were, until recently. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
14/18. The impact is especially great for Africa. Even politically correct National Geographic once reported the improvement, back in 2009 (though since then they've scrubbed that good news from their site): https://sealevel.info/Owen2009_Sahara_Desert_Greening-NatGeo30639457.html EXCERPT: "Vast swaths of North Africa are getting noticeably lusher due to warming temperatures, new satellite images show, suggesting a possible boon for people living in the driest part of the continent."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
15/18. New Scientist reported the "remarkable environmental turnaround," including "quite spectacular regeneration of vegetation," and "a 70 per cent increase in yields of local cereals such as sorghum and millet in one province in recent years." https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17523610-300-africans-go-back-to-the-land-as-plants-reclaim-the-desert/ See also: https://www.sealevel.info/Pearce2002_Africans_go_back_to_the_land_as_plants_reclaim_the_desert-New_Scientist.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 16/18. Elevated CO2 and consequent climate change dramatically improves global food security, and mitigates drought impacts. These two photos were both taken in the Madras region of the Indian subcontinent:
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 17/18. If you believe there's a risk of "climatic ravages" from a warming world, you've been badly misled. The scientific evidence is compelling that manmade climate change is modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
18/18. To understand a contentious topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to best blogs on BOTH sides of the issue Please do not hesitate to contact me directly if you have questions or need expert sources for future articles.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1909579388510728550 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/12ใIan James @ByIanJames, you reported that, "Research has shown that human-caused climate change is driving worsening droughts in the western United States." That is false. Droughts have not worsened, either in the United States, or globally: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughtsโฆ https://sealevel.info/Fraction_of_the_Globe_in_Drought_1982-2012_fig5c.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/12ใU.S. droughts are not worsening. Here's NOAA NCDC's U.S. percentage very wet or very dry: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/uspa/wet-dry/0 https://sealevel.info/US_percentage_areas_very_wet_or_very_dry_NOAA_2025-01-11.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/12ใIn fact, CO2 emissions mitigate drought impacts. Elevated CO2 helps plants use water more efficiently, by reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration. That's especially helpful in arid regions & during droughts. Here's a paper about corn: sciencedirect.com/science/articlโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/12ใHere's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13263
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/12ใHere's a NASA video about how rising CO2 levels are greening the Earth and causing deserts to retreat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/12ใMitigation of drought damage is a very important benefit of rising CO2 levels, and it is one of the reasons that catastrophic drought-induced famines are fading from living memory, for the first time in human history. โ https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughts โ https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/31/23/jcli-d-18-0159.1.xml?tab_body=fulltext-display
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/12ใThat's a very, very Big Deal. Famine used to be a scourge comparable to war and epidemic, the Third Horseman of the Apocalypse. โ https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/12ใ https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#benefits For comparison: โ COVID-19 killed about 0.1% of the world's population โ The catastrophic 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2% โ WWII killed 2.7% of the world's population โ But the near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world's population.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/12ใDroughts still happen, of course, but elevated CO2 mitigates the adverse effects of vapor pressure deficit (dryness) on plants. That's why the global greening trend is most pronounced in the driest regions, like the Sahel (southern Sahara).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/12ใChatGPT did a good job of โโโโexplaining how elevated CO2 improves plants' water use efficiency and mitigates drought impacts: โโโIn agronomy, the effects of elevated CO2 on plant water use efficiency and drought resilience are extensively studied. One of the key mechanisms through which elevated CO2 levels improve water use efficiency is by reducing stomatal conductance and, consequently, water loss through transpiration. โโโโโโ โโโStomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that regulate gas exchange, including the uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis and the release of water vapor through transpiration. When CO2 levels are elevated, plants can maintain the same or higher rate of photosynthesis while reducing stomatal conductance. This reduction in stomatal conductance leads to a decrease in water loss through transpiration without significantly affecting CO2 uptake, resulting in improved water use efficiency.โ References: 1. Chun JA, et al. (2011). Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and water stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency in corn. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(3), pp 378โ384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.015. 2. O'Leary GJ, et al. (2015). Response of wheat growth, grain yield and water use to elevated CO2 under a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment and modelling in a semi-arid environment. Glob Chang Biol. 21(7):2670โ2686. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12830 3. Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13263 4. Uddin S, et al. (2018) Elevated [CO2] mitigates the effect of surface drought by stimulating root growth to access sub-soil water. PLoS One. 13(6):e0198928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198928 5. Taylor, C & Schlenker, W (2021). Environmental Drivers of Agricultural Productivity Growth: CO2 Fertilization of US Field Crops. National Bureau of Economic Research, no. w29320. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29320 6. Chen, Xin et al (2024). The global greening continues despite increased drought stress since 2000. Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 49, 2024, e02791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02791.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/12ใTo understand a politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from bothโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on bothโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on bothโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
12/12ใSo, Ian @ByIanJames, please correct this error in your @LATimes article: https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2025-03-21/desalination-tech-tested#:~:text=Research%20has%20shown%20that%20human,western%20United%20States
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@ByIanJames @latimes Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1904008142742012327 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
EXCLUSIVE: In its final days, the Biden administration awarded $50 million to an obscure nonprofit whose leader has a history of self-dealing and financial mismanagement, documents show. Now, the Trump administration has launched an investigation and not yet disbursed the funding, officials shared w/ me.๐งต
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
The $50M grant โ from the Department of Energy โ was approved on Jan. 13 for the Tribal Energy Consortium. It is a 501(c)(3) charity on Indian tribal land focused on energy and mineral development.
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
IRS records show the charityโs leader is Roger Fragua, a former Enron Corporation manager and consultant who wears different hats.
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
Fragua is also the founder and executive director of the Flower Hill Institute, a charity on tribal land that, in fact, shares a mailing address with the $50 million awardee and Fraguaโs LLC, Cota Holdings.
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
Hereโs why thatโs notable: Fraguaโs other charity, also a federal grantee, was found through an independent third-party audit to lack internal controls and violate federal rules. Among other issues, it did not test to see if other contractors could fulfill its needs other than a trio of companies tied to its board members โ including Cota Holdings.
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
Fraguaโs Cota Holdings raked in hundreds of thousands from his charity, while it also overbilled the Department of Agriculture for reimbursements, the audit documents say.
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
The USDA told me it later received a corrective actions plan from Fraguaโs group to address its issues, though tax experts still said these are red flags for the Trump administration to critically investigate before potentially handing the $50M to Fraguaโs Tribal Energy Consortium.
@gekaminsky - Gabe Kaminsky
Read more here @dcexaminer https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/investigations/3311236/in-final-days-biden-awarded-50-million-to-self-dealing-charity-leader/
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Here's a list of just some of the crackpottery that simping GOP senators are going to let RFK jr walk back today:
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Claimed that Americans meat producers were a โgreater threat to the United States and U.S. democracy than Osama bin Laden and his terrorist networkโ less than a year after 9/11, and that reiterated that opinion years later. https://manhattan.institute/article/osama-the-pigs-the-kennedy
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Accused climate deniers of being โtraitorsโ and proposed they face criminal prosecution in global courts. RFK is a longtime fan of censorship. https://www.nationalreview.com/2007/07/ignorance-strength-dissent-treason-marlo-lewis/
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Supports single-payer socialized medicine and abortion until the moment of crowning. (I'm not sure what he says he believes now. Whatever a suddenly trusting Josh Hawley wants to hear, I guess.)
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
He โwonโt take sidesโ on 9/11 conspiracy theories, but called National Rifle Association a โterrorist organization.โ https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/robert-f-kennedy-jr-wont-take-sides-911-conspiracy-theories-rcna160255
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Said COVID was engineered to attack black and Caucasian people, but to spare โAshkenazi Jews.โ https://nypost.com/2023/07/15/rfk-jr-says-covid-was-ethnically-targeted-to-spare-jews/
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Claims that โno vaccine that is safe and effective.โ Believes smallpox, polio and measles could have been eliminated with better hygiene. https://apnews.com/article/rfk-kennedy-election-2024-president-campaign-621c9e9641381a1b2677df9de5a09731
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Wants all fossil fuel energy shut down โ also, nuclear energy; he led the campaign to shut down the Indian Point nuclear facility in New York https://nypost.com/2025/01/27/opinion/senators-vote-no-to-rfk-jr-whos-still-a-radical-left-lunatic-hazardous-to-our-health/
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Claimed we have vaccine-induced โautism epidemicโ โ convincing thousands of parents that they are at fault for their childrenโs disability โ which he nauseatingly compared to a โholocaust.โ https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-robert-kennedy-jr-apologizes-for-likening-vaccine-impacts-to-holocaust-20150413-story.html
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
He says fluoride, which is completely safe at the levels we use it, is โindustrial wasteโ and the the water supply is turning kids gay https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/13/politics/robert-kennedy-jr-chemicals-water-children-frogs/index.html
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Promised to investigate chemtrails. First got into it after hanging out with Woody Harrelson. https://www.newsweek.com/rfk-jr-chemtrails-conspiracy-theory-1987708
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
For some reason he left a dead bear cub in Central Park. I believe this was after he was charged with heroin possession. So, really, no excuse. https://www.npr.org/2024/08/05/nx-s1-5063939/rfk-jr-central-park-bear-bicycle
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Claimed that WiFi โradiationโ causes cancer as do phones which case โcellphone tumorsโ https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/11/15/rfk-jrs-conspiracy-theories-heres-what-trumps-pick-for-health-secretary-has-promoted/
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Says HIV was โphonyโ https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/robert-f-kennedy-jr-2024-presidential-campaign-democratic-primary.html
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Says a PLO fan who killed his dad was hypnotized by the cia https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2018/06/04/the-assassination-of-bobby-kennedy-was-sirhan-sirhan-hypnotized-to-be-the-fall-guy/
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
RFK is a ridiculous dilettante who would be laughed out of congress if his name wasn't Kennedy. We won't get into his vile personal life, which tells us a lot about the type of man he is.
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
Less than a year ago, RFK supported unrestricted "full-term" abortion. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/257643/rfk-jr-endorses-unrestricted-abortion-even-if-its-full-term
@davidharsanyi - David Harsanyi
RFK said that the Polio vaccine "killed many, many, many, many, many more people than polio" https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/17/health/robert-f-kennedy-jr-polio-vaccines.html
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
In todayโs world, misinformation travels faster than the truth. Whether itโs anti-vaxxers, chemophobia, GMO fear, or anti-nuclear. The internet has turned bad science into big business. Hereโs how anti-science communication works, and why itโs so effective ๐งต: 1/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
1. Fear is More Viral Than Facts: ๐จ โGMOs cause cancer!โ ๐จ โ5G is frying your brain!โ ๐จ โThe government is hiding the cure for cancer!โ People donโt share boring but accurate statements like: โOverwhelming scientific evidence supports vaccine safety.โ 2/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
2. Why Do People Fall for Anti-Science? โ It feels empowering โ They think theyโve uncovered โhidden truthsโ that experts โdonโt want you to know.โ โ People love โevidenceโ that supports what they already believe. โ Science is complex. Conspiracies are easy. 3/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
3. Tactics of Anti-Science Communicators: ๐ธ They cherry-pick data. Using one flawed study to discredit 100s of real ones. ๐ธ They create fake experts. Self-proclaimed โdoctorsโ with no credentials. ๐ธ They weaponize uncertainty. โIf science changes, it must be fake!โ 4/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
They share shocking, emotional headlines, even if theyโre false. A fake study with one scary anecdote spreads faster than a 500-page peer-reviewed report. The goal? Confuse the public enough that they distrust real experts. 5/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
5. The Damage Anti-Science Communication Causes: ๐จ Vaccine fear = preventable diseases making a comeback. ๐จ Anti-GMO laws = fewer tools to fight hunger and climate change. ๐จ Chemophobia = unnecessary bans on safe, effective technology. 6/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
6. How Do We Fight Anti-Science Communication? โ Make real science engaging โ If misinformation is emotional, facts need to be compelling too. โ Teach critical thinking โ If people question sources, they wonโt fall for bad ones. 7/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
โ Hold misinformation accountable โ When influencers spread lies, call them out. โ Trust expertsโnot influencers โ Being loud doesnโt mean being right. Science fights for truth. Misinformation fights for attention. 8/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
The Takeaway? Anti-science thrives because itโs simple, emotional, and viral. Misinformation is a business - thereโs profit in fear. Fighting anti-science means making real science more accessible, engaging, and trusted. 9/10
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
Science isnโt perfect - but itโs the best tool we have to understand reality. The real question is: Will we trust science or let misinformation win? 10/10
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7ใ All of your examples are good, Simon. But I think one of the reasons so many people distrust science is that in some fields "experts" have proven to be untrustworthy. In some fields many so-called experts are just propagandists, or even crackpots. https://youtube.com/watch?v=kVk9a5Jcd1k&lc=UgyqbK1IDJFBj1mrRC54AaABAgโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7ใ It's not just fringe actors who "love [only] 'evidence' that supports what they already believe." Among people comfortably sharing a majority opinion, it's even worse, because peer pressure amplifies confirmation bias. https://www.simplypsychology.org/asch-conformity.html Have you heard of the Asch Conformity Line Experiment?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/7ใ Ideology also can contribute to anti-scientific bias, particularly at the extreme ends of the spectrum. Many articles of faith for leftists are simply incompatible with science. https://sealevel.info/intersectional_blah_blah_blah.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7ใ Science is not fundamentally either Left or Right. But periodically the Left goes to war against science. In the mid-20th century Trofim Lysenko was the communist point man in the Left's war against science. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/trofim-lysenko-soviet-union-russia/548786/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7ใ The Scientific Method is the foundation of science, the single thing which distinguishes science from all other scholarship. https://sealevel.info/papers.html#whitherscience:~:text=If%20the%20test%20results%20fail,scientist%20worthy%20of%20the%20name But the left-dominated U.S. National Academy of Science now opposes teaching the Scientific Method.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7ใ Human beings are instinctively tribal. That results in a great susceptibility to peer pressure. Many people would even rather believe in terrifying horrors than question the doctrines of those they see as their own tribe, no matter how ridiculous.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/7ใ Willingness to reevaluate and correct mistaken beliefs is a learned discipline, and it doesn't come easily. That discipline is as essential for mental health as for scientific progress and political sagacity. Unfortunately, it's almost as uncommon as common sense.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1889087376321847733 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HayGenLabs
@simonmaechling - Simon Maechling
Name one invention that saved more lives than the Haber-Bosch process. It enabled large-scale ammonia synthesis, revolutionizing agriculture with synthetic fertilizers. This invention sustains billion of people, preventing starvation and malnutrition worldwide. https://t.co/RYxm3WGtkR
@WeatherProf - Jeff Berardelli
New study LA fires: โConditions are upย to 5ยฐC warmer, 15% drier & 20% windier now compared to past. We ascribe the strengthened winds, higher temps & drier conditions to human-driven climate change. Natural climate variability likely played a minor role.โ https://www.climameter.org/20250107-08-california-wildfires
@detgodehab - Savonarola
MBH98 features its famous hockey stick graph in two figures. By mistake, an older version of the reconstruction was actually used for one of the figures. I like a good puzzle so decided to do some reverse engineering on the "old" MBH98 reconstruction. ๐งต
@detgodehab - Savonarola
MBH98 uses the old reconstruction for signal detection. Since the forcing data begins in the early 1600s, only the post-1600 portion of the reconstruction is shown in the paper. The goal of this thread is to reproduce that part of the reconstruction and then extend it.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
The post-1760 portion also appears in an earlier paper by Mann and Bradley (MB98). This paper will be useful.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
Figure 1 of MB98 shows a map of 62 proxies from 58 locations. Let's start by identifying these proxies. We can make use of the fact that in periods with constant sample depth, the temperature reconstruction is a linear combination of the underlying proxy records.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
All MBH98 proxies have data back to 1820, so let's project that part of the old reconstruction on the final set of 112 proxies. To get a perfect fit, we must also include a few "dirty laundry" series. The proxy data is available on @ncdave4life's website: https://sealevel.info/FOIA/2009/FOIA/documents/mbh98-osborn/
@detgodehab - Savonarola
The coefficients indicate that 59 proxy records were used. They are a subset of the 62 proxies marked on the map. The three unused proxies are coral records from the Galapagos Islands, the Great Barrier Reef and Espiritu Santo.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
So we know which proxies were used. MB98 also specifies which temperature principal components were used to calibrate the proxies. But the MBH98 algorithm doesn't produce the old reconstruction from this input. At least not with default settings...
@detgodehab - Savonarola
The fact that 62 proxies are shown in MB98 but only 59 have nonzero coefficients suggests that the proxies were weighted (i.e. scaled after standardization), with zero weight assigned to the three unused coral records.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
Weighting of proxies was a non-default setting in the MBH98 computer program and wasn't used for the final reconstruction. As an aside, for their emulation of MBH98, Wahl and Ammann didn't use weights either and called it a "significant methodological simplification." ๐คจ
@detgodehab - Savonarola
Curiously, a file in the mbh98-osborn archive assigns zero weight to the three unused coral records, but the reconstruction isn't reproducible using these weights. We'll need to reverse engineer the correct values.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
A standard nonlinear least-squares solver (Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm) finds the approximate weights in a few iterations. ๐
@detgodehab - Savonarola
With the proxy weights successfully extracted, the emulation is exact back to 1760. MB98 doesn't specify which temperature PCs were used further back, so we'll reverse engineer this as well. More linear algebra...
@detgodehab - Savonarola
The reconstruction is a linear combination of the proxies, but also of the columns of PWยฒPโแตUโ, where P is the proxy matrix, Pโ is the calibration-period submatrix of P, W is the weight matrix and Uโ is a matrix of temperature PCs. See @ClimateAudit: https://climateaudit.org/2008/04/05/squared-weights-in-mbh98/
@detgodehab - Savonarola
By projecting the reconstruction on the column space of PWยฒPโแตUโ over periods with constant sample depth, we see which temperature PCs were used.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
Temperature PCs 1, 2, 3 and 5 were used back to 1760, as stated in MB98 and as we have seen. For the period 1610โ1759, only the first two PCs were used. With these PC selections, the emulation is exact back to 1610, which is when the archived data begins.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
Comparing with Figure 7 of MBH98, the emulation looks accurate back to 1600 as well.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
MB98 states that the reconstruction is highly skilful back to 1450. Judging by the proxy map, 1400 might be the actual start year.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
To extend the emulation, we again need to know which temperature PCs to reconstruct. According to the algorithm description, the number of retained PCs decreases back in time, so let's keep one or two PCs for the period before 1600.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
Here is the emulation back to 1400. Whether one or two temperature PCs are used, the early and late 1400s are about as warm as the modern end of the reconstruction. The warmest year is 1566.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
This obviously changed when the proxy weights were dropped, and questionable bristlecone pine chronologies were added to the proxy network and mined for by the peculiar PCA method.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
As a final note, it may or may not be possible to work out which PCs were selected for the earliest period. MB98 gives a brief description of the selection rule and refers to MBH98 for the details, but MBH98 gives a different rule. What rule they really used is anyone's guess.
@detgodehab - Savonarola
The emulation is on GitHub: https://github.com/klimatsmart/mbh98emu/ Thanks for reading! ๐
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
"Pro-choice"? Not so much. A thread about a shocking new legal tactic we're seeing from pro-abortion officials in multiple states. ๐
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
Weโre currently litigating cases in NY, CO, and CA where state officials have tried to ban/punish pro-life speech. These officials are trying to punish doctors, nurses & pregnancy centers who provide a treatment called abortion pill reversal (APR)... or even TELL women about it.
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
These politicians accuse APR providers of โmisleadingโ women. But the evidence says otherwise. APR uses progesterone, a natural hormone which has been safely prescribed to pregnant women for decades. Progesterone can counter the deadly effects of mifepristone when taken in time.
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
Statistics suggest APR has an effectiveness rate of 64-68%. It's safe for mom & baby and has likely saved thousands of lives, including... - a baby girl born to Atoria in 2022 (CA) - a baby girl born to Mackenna in 2024 (CO - pictured) - a baby boy born to Desirae in 2024 (CA)
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
All three of these women are incredibly grateful for the pregnancy centers and healthcare providers who helped them use APR to undo a decision they immediately regretted: taking the first abortion pill. All three of these babies were born healthy and are deeply loved.
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
Itโs hard to believe ANYONE would oppose this happy outcome, or this lifesaving choice. But if government officials in these states had gotten their way, these women would have been forced to have abortions they didnโt want. And these babies would have never been born.
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
These officials are abusing their power. They have no right to punish speech about a safe, legal treatment. But they're also showing how extreme the modern pro-abortion movement is. Thereโs nothing โpro-choiceโ about banning speech so women are forced to have unwanted abortions.
@ADFLegal - Alliance Defending Freedom
In NY, CO, CA, and other states, ADF is fighting back. Weโre suing officials and challenging laws that trample free speech and trap women in unwanted abortions. You can help. Learn more and join our work defending pro-life pregnancy centers at adflegal.org/wecare
@sesaunders101 - Sherrie Saunders
I have read this perverse editorial @doritmi ... Your argument is blatantly one sided.. Your Opinion.. Is mute... blogs.harvard.edu/billofhealth/2โฆ
@DrJeffMasters - Jeff Masters
Join me Wednesday night at 8:30 pm EDT at http://blueskiesbluewaters.com where I'll discuss 4 ways climate change made Hurricane Helene worse. The site aims to fundraise for the Harris/Walz campaign, promote climate action, and raise awareness of the climate-unfriendly Project 2025.
@ssgovforum - SSF
#Florida #residents should flee to these 2 popular #states before #climatechange decimates #home #VALUES https://www.businessinsider.com/real-estate-housing-market-outlook-climate-change-flood-insurance-burt-2024-8?utmSource=twitter&utmContent=referral&utmTerm=topbar&referrer=twitter via @businessinsider
@ChrisMartzWX - Chris Martz
โIf science can't be questioned, it's not science anymore. It's propaganda, and that's the truth.โ โ Aaron Rodgers
@JamesRHarrigan - James R. Harrigan
. @CNN is hyping its "unprecedented" presidential debate. Please. It's a debate. And it won't even be a good one.
@JamesRHarrigan - James R. Harrigan
That said, people do seem to think that debates are woven into the fabric of American presidential politics, They're not. The first one that we had that would be recognizable to contemporary American eyes was Nixon/Kennedy in 1960.
@JamesRHarrigan - James R. Harrigan
After that we didn't have another until Ford/Carter in 1976. From that point on debates have been a regular feature, but this is all a relatively new thing.
@JamesRHarrigan - James R. Harrigan
No one will ever accuse Ford or Carter of being great statesmen, but I urge you to go watch their debate. They were thoughtful, decent, and charitable. Then take a look at what will doubtlessly be on offer tonight. Then remember...we get the politics we deserve.
@JamesRHarrigan - James R. Harrigan
We have what we have because we put up with it, and in many cases we have demanded it.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/15โซ Dr. Belch (why oh why isn't she a gastroenterologist?) seems not to recognize the significance of the story. Climate activists predicted that if Earth's average temperature got to 1.5ยฐC above the pre-industrial (late Little Ice Age) baseline it would be a disaster. But they did, and nothing bad happened. The significance of that is that it means the climate activists were completely wrong.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/15โซ In case you're wondering, the 4 known factors which caused 2023 to be so mild were: 1. A strong El Niรฑo spike. And 2. IMO 2020 shipping regulations drastically reduced sulfate aerosol air pollution (The IMO says they resulted in "an estimated 46% decrease in ship-emitted aerosols," which equates to a sudden 10% decrease in total global SO2 emissions, which is a large improvement in a short time, with a significant warming effect). And 3. The unusual 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption, which humidified the stratosphere. And 4. Also a little bit of warming from the ongoing slow rise in atmospheric CO2 levels (though only about 25 ppmv/decade). It's all good, though (unfortunately) #1 & #3 are temporary.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/15โซ Q: And what was the result of all that warmth? A: Nothing. Nothing bad, anyhow. We still get storms, but they're no worse than in the past. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=hurricanes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/15โซ In fact, some categories of storms have decreased. https://climateataglance.com/climate-at-a-glance-tornadoes/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/15โซ Although droughts still happen, drought impacts are reduced, because elevated CO2 levels make plants more water-efficient and drought resilient. Refs:
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/15โซ Along with improved crop yields from "CO2 fertilization," that has greatly improved global food security and decreased famine risk. Global crop yields are near or above all-time records. Refs: https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields https://sealevel.info/ourworldindata_cereal_yield_4regions_1961_and_2022_annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/15โซ Thanks to mild 2022-23 and 2023-24 winters, Germany got by without needing Russian gas โ which is a very good thing, since they can't get it anymore. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-did-germany-fare-without-russian-gas/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/15โซ Coastal sea-level trends are about the same as they were seventy years ago (i.e., very slow/slight). https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/15โซ Honolulu is arguably the best quality sea-level measurement record in the world. It's near the middle of the world's largest ocean. It has 119 years of continuous measurements, from a near ideal location, without even a single missing month of data. It shows: https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=honolulu https://sealevel.info/1612340_Honolulu_thru_2023-04_vs_CO2_annot1_1186x700.png Linear trend = 1.54 ยฑ0.20 mm/yr (6 inches/century) Acceleration = 0.000 ยฑ0.013 mm/yrยฒ (perfectly linear)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/15โซ Note that there's been no detectable acceleration in the sea-level trend there. That's typical: some long measurement records show negligible acceleration, and others show none at all. Here's a Dutch measurement record with 158 years of continuous data! https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Harlingen&boxcar=1&boxwidth=3 https://sealevel.info/Dutch_dike_vs_Harlingen_sea-level_trend_1880x940_v06.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/15โซ In fact, the "global" (average) coastal sea-level trend is so slight & slow that in many places it is dwarfed by local factors, like erosion, sedimentation, and/or vertical land motion. @GretaThunberg's hometown of Stockholm is one such place. https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Stockholm&c_date=2002/4-2014/3&lin_ci=0 https://sealevel.info/050-141_Stockholm_Sweden_1889-2020_smoothed_vs_CO2_annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
12/15โซ The one really important change due to carbon emissions is a monumentally important improvement over the the last half century or so: the end of catastrophic famines. References: https://sealevel.info/Famine-death-rate-since-1860s-revised-annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
13/15โซ That's right: catastrophic famines are fading from living memory, for the very first time. For all of human history, famine (usually caused by drought) was one of the great scourges of mankind, the Third Horseman of the Apocalypse โ until now!
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@GretaThunberg 14/15โซ If you're too young to recognized what a miracle that is, count yourself blessed. In large part because of elevated CO2 levels, catastrophic famines no longer happen.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
15/15โซ To understand a highly politicized issue like climate change, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#benefits It has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ accurate information about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@GretaThunberg Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1810688760646177040 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/10. When climate activists like Prof. Christopher Taylor have the power to block publication and deny tenure to young professors with differing opinions, it corrupts academia and distorts science. https://sealevel.info/ammocrypta_1808686484867760224_has_chaired_tenure_and_promotion_committee_for_8yrs.png https://x.com/ammocrypta/status/1808686484867760224
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/10. Scientific consensuses exist about many things, but we don't talk much about them, because we don't disagree about them. If there's a hot debate about the existence of a consensus, it means there's no consensus.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/10. One of the dishonest tactics used by the parasitic climate industry to promote their products is to pretend there's a scientific consensus that the "climate crisis" is real. That's a plain lie.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/10. Censorship is a fundamental part of climate activism. One of the main ways climate activists promote the lie that there's a "consensus" among scientists for the so-called "climate crisis" is by suppressing viewpoints which differ from their own.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/10. That's why most climate alarmist blogs are heavily censored to quash dissent, as are platforms like YouTube. To have meaningful online discussions about climate, you must go to blogs run by skeptics of climate alarmism, like WUWT, ClimateEtc, etc. https://wattsupwiththat.com/ https://judithcurry.com/ https://drroyspencer.com/ https://climateaudit.org/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/10. I searched for years for climate alarmist blogs that aren't censored to promote the climate industry's agenda. I found a few, but you've probably never heard of them. The major alarmist blogs are all heavily censored. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=blogs#blogs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/10. "Coming out" as a climate realist is a sure way to not get tenure in leftist-controlled schools. It's a safe bet that if Prof. Taylor had chaired the department's tenure and promotion committee at Princeton, Prof. Dyson would've been denied tenure.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/10. The real climate debate isn't about whether 'climate change is real.' The real debate is whether Nobel Laurate and "Father of Climatology" Svante Arrhenius was right or wrong, when he predicted that CO2 emissions would be highly beneficial. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrhenius#arrhenius
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/10. Arrhenius was right. But with Christopher Taylor chairing the tenure and promotion committee, Arrhenius probably could not have gotten tenure in Prof. Taylor's department at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/10. To understand a contentious & politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1808806683675697427 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@cosmicfirepeace - jaysea
Wackadoodles are coming out in droves .... Flock off
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7. This PBS piece is extremely misleading. Elevated CO2 greatly improves crop yields, and it mitigates drought impacts, by improving plants' water use efficiency (WUE) and drought resilience. See: https://masterresource.org/carbon-dioxide/co2-increased-water-use-efficiency/ I asked ChatGPT to explain the mechanism by which agronomists have found that elevated CO2 improves crops' WUE and drought resilience. It did a good job: โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ๊ง๊ง In agronomy, the effects of elevated CO2 on plant water use efficiency and drought resilience are extensively studied. One of the key mechanisms through which elevated CO2 levels improve water use efficiency is by reducing stomatal conductance and, consequently, water loss through transpiration. Stomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that regulate gas exchange, including the uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis and the release of water vapor through transpiration. When CO2 levels are elevated, plants can maintain the same or higher rate of photosynthesis while reducing stomatal conductance. This reduction in stomatal conductance leads to a decrease in water loss through transpiration without significantly affecting CO2 uptake, resulting in improved water use efficiency. Several studies have quantified the effect of elevated CO2 on stomatal conductance and transpiration. For example, a meta-analysis published in 2013 (Kimball et al., 2013) found that under elevated CO2 levels, stomatal conductance decreased by an average of 22%, while transpiration decreased by only 17%. This indicates that plants under elevated CO2 levels were able to reduce water loss more efficiently than they reduced CO2 uptake, leading to an overall improvement in water use efficiency. Improvements in water use efficiency due to elevated CO2 levels can increase plants' drought resilience by allowing them to maintain adequate hydration during periods of water scarcity. This can be particularly beneficial in arid and semi-arid regions where water availability is limited. Overall, the literature suggests that elevated CO2 levels can improve water use efficiency in plants by reducing stomatal conductance and water loss through transpiration, which can enhance their resilience to drought conditions.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7. Contrary to climate industry propaganda and misinformation from the leftists at PBS, the scientific evidence is compelling that CO2 emissions and rising CO2 levels are beneficial. Here are some relevant papers: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/7. The beneficial effects of elevated CO2 are helping make famines rare for first time in human history. If you're too young to understand how important that is, count yourself blessed! Famine used to be a scourge comparable to war & disease. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine https://ourworldindata.org/famines
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7. Droughts kill by hunger, not thirst. They kill by causing crop failures. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughts Or, rather, they used to. The most important thing to know about drought is this: rising CO2 levels mitigate the damage. That's one of the main reasons catastrophic famines are fading from living memory. Drought incidence has declined only slightly as CO2 levels have risen, but the damage caused by droughts has decreased much more dramatically.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7. Ending famine is a Very Big Deal, comparable to ending war or disease. For comparison: โ Covid-19 killed about 0.1% of world population. โ The 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2% of world population. โ WWII killed about 2.7% of world population. โ The near-global drought & famine of 1876-78 killed an estimated 3.7% of world population.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7. The scientific evidence is compelling that manmade climate change is modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial. The major harms are all hypothetical, and mostly implausible. The major benefits are proven, measured, and very large: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1291143344400347137.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/7. To understand a contentious, politicized issue like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. You won't get it from the leftists at @PBS, but I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html That page has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@PBS Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1803184124884349245 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@NASAClimate - NASA Climate
Sea levels around the world are rising as a result of human-caused global warming. Overall, global sea levels have risen about 10 centimeters from 1993 to 2023. #WorldOceansDay https://go.nasa.gov/3VuV88X
@NASAClimate - NASA Climate
Sea levels are also rising at an accelerating rate. Right now, global sea level rises about 0.17 inches (0.42 centimeters) per year. For comparison, the 1993 rate was 0.07 inches (0.13 centimeters) per year.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/9. @NASAClimate is not one of the divisions & departments of NASA that do science. It's the "JPL Earth Science Communications Team" in Pasadena, which is comprised of "communicators," not scientists. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html NASAClimate is a frequent source of misinformation and outright political propaganda.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 2/9. Many other parts of NASA still employ real scientists, who do excellent work. Here's a NASA video about some of that work. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI CO2 emissions are very beneficial for natural ecosystems, and NASA satellites measure the resulting "greening" of the Earth.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 3/9. Do you worry about the Antarctic Ice Sheet melting? This excellent NASA study should put your fears to rest. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/mass-balance-of-the-antarctic-ice-sheet-19922016-reconciling-results-from-grace-gravimetry-with-icesat-ers12-and-envisat-altimetry/0A29BAA84961428700886DCCE201912F Note: Antarctic temperatures average below โ40ยฐ, so a few degrees of warming obviously cannot melt it.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/9. Here are two photos of the Moana Surfrider Hotel on Waikiki Beach, in Honolulu, one taken in 1925 and the other recently. They illustrate how negligible the sea-level trend is. https://sealevel.info/moana_hotel_1925_vs_now.png (Caveat: the widening of Waikiki Beach in front of the Moana Surfrider Hotel is due to a sand renourishment project. Ignore that, please. It's the negligible change in the elevation of the hotel above sea-level that I want you to notice.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 5/9. The best scientific evidence shows that manmade climate change is modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial, rather than harmful. Here are some relevant scientific papers: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/9. The study which NASAClimate is hyping is based on satellite altimetry, not coastal measurements. https://sealevel.info/satellite_altimetry.html Coastal (tide gauge) measurements provide much higher quality data. Measurement of sea-level by satellite altimetry has many problems, which do not affect coastal measurements. One problem is that the satellites only measure sea-level far out to sea. They cannot measure sea-level near the coasts, where it matters. Also, satellite altimetry measurement records are generally only about a decade long. In contrast, many coastal measurement records are over a century long. Also, satellite altimetry measurements have proven to be disturbingly malleable. The very same data can show acceleration, deceleration, or linearity, depending on how it is processed! Here's an example from a 2014 paper, which turned apparent deceleration into linearity, by changing ("correcting") the measurements. https://sealevel.info/nclimate2159-f1_large_trimmed1.png A subsequent paper then turned the linear trend into an acceleration, by a combination of additional corrections and a little bit of additional data: https://sealevel.info/2017GL073308_fig4_scaled2match2.png The 2012 Envisat revisions were especially striking: https://sealevel.info/envisat_msl_correction_from_esa02.png A widely-hyped 2018 paper by U. Colorado's Dr. Steve Nerem et al claimed to have discovered โaccelerationโ in the satellite altimetry measurement record of sea-level. They did it by reducing the rate of measured sea-level rise in 20 year-old Topex-Poseidon data, thereby making more recent measurements appear to have accelerated, by comparison. H/t Steve Case for this graph: https://sealevel.info/CU-2016-2018-With-Trend_with_caption.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/9. In contrast to the satellite measurements, most tide gauge (coastal) measurements continue to show little or no acceleration in sea-level trend in the last nine decades or more. https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Harlingen&boxcar=1&boxwidth=3 https://sealevel.info/Dutch_dike_vs_Harlingen_sea-level_trend_1880x940_v06.png Honolulu is a nearly ideal sea-level measurement site: https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Honolulu https://sealevel.info/1612340_Honolulu_thru_2023-04_vs_CO2_annot1_1186x700.png One exception to the general linearity of coastal sea-level trends is the southern half of the Atlantic coast of the United States, where the Gulf Stream skirts the coast. Thanks to a (presumably transient) acceleration of the Gulf Stream, sea-level rise there has accelerated strikingly over the last decade: https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Charleston&boxcar=1&boxwidth=3&c_date=1930/1-2024/12&co2=0 https://sealevel.info/SL_Charleston_234_1930-1_to_2022-1_annot1.png This is the presumed cause: https://sealevel.info/Jackson2022_FIg2bc_annot.png Here you can see how close to the coast the Gulf Stream is, in the SE United States: https://sealevel.info/Gulf_Stream_wikipedia_200pct_with_NYC_Wilmington_Key_West_labeled.png Here's nice video animation of a full year of AMOC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RD3I69k71Y
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 8/9. CO2 emissions are highly beneficial, especially for agriculture and for natural ecosystems. The benefits of rising CO2 levels are large and well-measured. The supposed major harms are all merely speculative, and mostly implausible.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/9. To understand a contentious & politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. You won't get it from @NASAClimate, but I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1799981591957012701 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/9โฏ The Grauniad's Ian Sample called Nobel Laurate Svante Arrhenius "The father of climate change." Arrhenius said CO2 emissions and rising CO2 levels would be highly beneficial. The evidence confirms that. But Joe thinks anyone who says it is a "science denying idiot." https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrheniusโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/9โฏ Somebody is VERY confused. (And it wasn't Arrhenius!)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/9โฏ CO2 emissions are greening the Earth, 3 ways: 1. By helping trees grow through CO2 fertilization. 2. By making plants more water efficient & drought resilient. 3. By improving crop yields, thus reducing the amount of land needed for agriculture. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/9โฏ The benefits of rising CO2 levels for agriculture are spectacular. CO2 is not the only reason for improving crop yields, but it is one of the major reasons: https://sealevel.info/ourworldindata_cereal_yield_4regions_1961_and_2022_annot1.png https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/9โฏ The best scientific evidence shows that CO2 emissions are beneficial, and manmade climate change is modest and benign. Here are some relevant studies: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/9โฏ The benefits of rising CO2 levels for natural ecosystems are measurable from orbit. https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7 of 9โฏ This is NASA's video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/9โฏ To understand a contentious & politicized topic like #ClimateChange you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/9โฏ The CO2 Coalition's site also has excellent resources to help you learn about this issue: https://co2coalition.org/ Many of the Coalition's members are highly distinguished. Their newest Board Member is Dr. John Clauser, 2022 Nobel Laureate (Physics). The CO2 Coalition is an organization of volunteer scientists, dedicated to combating disinformation about CO2 & climate change, and pushing back against the corruption of science for political & pecuniary reasons.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1791863199844708584 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ciais_philippe - Philippe.ciais
So happy to see this incredible work published, showing that 36 million large trees disappeared from agricultural land in India
@AkademiskC - I'm trying to focus on important things
Let me say this: practically the whole field of climate science is rotten to the core, absolutely pathetic. Why? Climate science is supposed to be practical. We are facing enormous problems. After 50 yrs of talk, there is NOTHING. Nothing that works, nothing that can work.
@AkademiskC - I'm trying to focus on important things
You can publish your fancy graphs here and elsewhere everyday and you can get arrested and you can talk about economics & political science & collective action, none of which you understand & then complain that nothing happens - you are bunch of silly & pathetic people. Stupid!
@_ClimateCraze - John Shewchuk
Nobel Prize winners have great advice regarding climate change ... https://t.co/IOxKpaQf8V
@JessePeltan - Jesse Peltan
We should use more concrete - not less. Concrete is a foundational pillar of civilization. It's also an easy answer to "hard to abate" emissions. Concrete is about 8% of global emissions, but we could make it negative 4%. (or even more if we use more concrete) Concrete emissions come from two places: 1. fuel use to heat up limestone 2. decomposition of limestone (process emissions) (emissions are roughly half and half) Over time, concrete reabsorbs the CO2 it gave off (process emissions) during production. The rate and magnitude vary by geometry and exposure. (thinner slabs carbonate more quickly) If we provide heat from carbon free sources and capture the process emissions, concrete can be a net absorber of CO2. Capturing a concentrated stream of CO2 from a concrete plant is a lot cheaper and less energy intensive than capturing dilute CO2 from the atmosphere. This exact same chemistry is actually exploited by some direct air capture (DAC) processes to capture CO2 from the air. We don't have to set up a dedicated direct air capture facility that makes and unmakes cement over and over again. That's a lot of energy and capex that only captures CO2. By comparison, if we just make more concrete and make it carbon negative, we can capture the CO2 and use concrete for things we need. We can even substitute it for other building materials. The world needs concrete to build safe shelters, infrastructure, power plants, etc. If we make current volumes of concrete carbon negative, they could offset all of global aviation emissions (~2.5%). If we make even more concrete, we could offset other "hard to abate" sectors too. Concrete is an extremely valuable material. There's a big push to use less concrete or find alternative concrete chemistries that don't emit CO2. That push misses the massive opportunity for concrete as a tool for negative emissions. We don't need less concrete. We just need to be smarter about how we make it.
@JessePeltan - Jesse Peltan
Concrete is DAC. We're already spending the energy necessary for global scale DAC. With a few tweaks, we can get the benefit of it too.
@JessePeltan - Jesse Peltan
Side note: "embodied emissions" is mostly B.S. - at least how we typically use it. A nuclear plant has negative embodied carbon if the concrete used is negative carbon. Steel has a vastly different emissions intensity if it comes from a blast furnace, DRI with methane, DRI with hydrogen, recycling, etc. When evaluating embodied emissions, it's critical to take into account the evolution of processes used to manufacture a given technology. Solar's embodied carbon today is vastly different than 20 years ago. In 20 years, it will be just as unrecognizable. This is true broadly across technologies as processes electrify, the grid becomes cleaner, and we deploy alternative production pathways.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/4. Here's a good example of Climate Movement insanity. "We are not doing anything about this crisis! The water is coming for us!" he says. Here's the reality: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/4. https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=150-021&boxcar=1&boxwidth=5
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/4. The best science shows manmade climate change is modest & benign, and CO2 emissions are beneficial, not harmful. The major harms from CO2 are all hypothetical, and mostly implausible. The major benefits are proven, measured, and very large.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/4. To understand a commercialized & politicized topic like climate change, you need balanced, accurate information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies This resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1768723006824521793 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/11ใ Don't believe the Climate Industry propaganda. Here are some academic papers and articles about what fossil fuels, carbon emissions, and #climatechange are ACTUALLY doing to the Earth: https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/11ใ Here's a NASA video about it. It's based on measurements, unlike most of the Climate Industry's "climate impact" claims, which are based on dubious modeling and baseless speculation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/11ใ The CO2 Coalition's website also has many excellent resources to help you learn about this issue: https://co2coalition.org/ The CO2 Coalition is an organization of volunteer scientists, dedicated to combating disinformation about CO2 & climate change, and pushing back against the corruption of science for political & pecuniary reasons. Many of the CO2 Coalition's members are extremely distinguished. Their newest Board Member is Dr. John Clauser, 2022 Nobel Laureate (Physics).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/11ใ Carbon emissions and #ClimateChange are having a major impact on global food security. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#benefits But it's not what you probably think.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/11ใ What the Climate Industry doesn't want you to know is that the "major impact" of carbon emissions is POSITIVE, just as the Nobel Laurate Svante Arrhenius predicted, over a century ago: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrhenius#arrhenius
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/11ใ Do you know what "FUD" is? It stands for "Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt." The "climate crisis" is FUD. The fact that many people worry about it just proves that FUD works. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjVW6roRs-w
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/11ใ FUD is an old and proven disreputable strategy. https://sealevel.info/glossary.html#fud It worked for LBJ in 1964, and it works for the Climate Industry in 2024. https://sealevel.info/LBJ_Atomic_FUD.gif
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/11ใ The truth is the "climate crisis" is just a marketing ploy. The best scientific evidence and thousands of robust studies show that manmade #ClimateChange is modest & benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial. Here are a few relevant papers: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/11ใ Whenever you find "climate crisis" or "climate emergency" messaging, if you dig, you'll find industry money behind it. It's how they sell the product. Climate scammers say manmade climate change is a "crisis" or "emergency" for the same reason computer scammers say your computer is infected with viruses: to frighten you into opening your wallet. It's all about the Benjamins, baby.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/11ใ The Climate Industry's marketing campaign is made easier by the fact that many people WANT to be fooled. Sadly, many people have a psychological need to worry.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/11ใ If you're not one of those people who want to be fooled, I can help. To understand a commercialized & politicized topic like climate change, you need balanced, accurate information: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html This resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1767735658322223382 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ContextClimate - Context Climate
The worldโs food supply is in crisis. ๐ฝ Could these solutions address the issues by changing what, when, and how we eat? Context's @albertybhan takes us behind the scenes of our latest series, Rerooted.
@ContextClimate - Context Climate
You can catch up on the latest episode on the future of coffee here. ๐https://www.context.news/nature/video/the-bean-that-could-save-coffee-from-climate-change?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=context-climate
@GeraldKutney - Gerald Kutney - ๐๐ฅ#ClimateBrawl๐ฅ๐
Climate deniers are not interested in facts, evidence, the truth or science ... so, there is no point providing them to climate deniers bc they just ignore them all. They must be discredited ... them, their sources ... and their posts. That is what #ClimateBrawl is all about. https://t.co/twAKAAD7HH
@BeeAsMarine - ๐ Marine โ๐ PhD - #SDGs - #Breton
This post always goes viral. โ๏ธFacts! โ Only domestic bees produce honey, out of 26,000 species ; โ Bee was named "most important being on the earth" in 2017, key for 80% of the ecosystems ; โ Human has destroyed 80% of them in just 3 decades. โ๏ธSign & Tell me when done๐https://change.org/SaveTheBee ๐
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
The Trial of the Century Michael Mann Vs Mark Steyn Climate Activism Vs Skepticism & Free Speech Mark Steyns Opening Statement A masterpiece of logic &oratory From Papua New Guinea to Australia and Canada with cameos by Rupert Murdoch and Eleanor Roosevelt @MarkSteynOnline
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Steyn, who is representing himself, apologises to the jury for not being able to stand up " I have difficulty standing but I have no difficulty standing on the truth"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
"the truth of what I wrote, the truth about what happened at a famous American institution and the truth about this man, Michael Mann - the plaintiff. To modify a famous line from an American courtroom drama, I think you can handle the truth"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Steyn went on to tell the jury: "In my world I can write something, Mr Simberg can write something and Mr Mann can write something. And you're free to read all or none & decide what weight to attach to all or none"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
"But in @MichaelEMann's world, there's his taken everyone else has to be Hockey sticked onto submission and silence.I'd be inclined to say that's a little unAmerican but....Im a foreigner so it probably isn't for me to say what is or isn't American"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Manns counsel John Williams said Steyn was a Fox News host - possibly trying to cash in on the DC Jury's prejudices
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
"I would like to clarify something Mr Williams said because he can play a little Fast and Loose sometime. am not a host on Fox News I have never had any contractual relationship with Fox News. I fell out with Rupert Murdoch about 15 years ago so he doesn't like me"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Murdochs late mother and his sister like him enormously (but they were a long way away in Australia) but not Rupert, Steyn said. "I have not appeared on Fox News in three years.
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
DOGGATE - the exclusive "the last time I was invited on, to Fox News it was to discuss Andrew Cuomo not wanting to keep his dog after leaving the governors mansion. And I thought Lifes too short."
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
described the Governors Dog story as "complete Codswallop." Will Mann now sue Steyn for insulting a First Dog? I digress
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Despite objections Steyn produced the National Academy of Sciences code of Conduct. Does Mann have an issue with codes of conduct? Perhaps?
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Code states "NAS members shall treat all individuals in the scientific enterprise collegially and with respect....colleagues, other NAS members, students, and interested members of public"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Steyn told jury code of conduct also says "NAS members must refrain from all forms of discrimination, harassment, and bullying in their professional encounters" - Can you guess where Steyn is going?
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
"The NAS described what Mann does all day every day on social media, discriminating against, harassing & bullying anyone who disagrees with him: "
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
He harasses and bullies "Colleagues or interested members of the public. Mann is one of the most vicious blowhards on Twitter, which is pretty much vicious blowhard central"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Steyn points out to the jury that Mann has produced THREE abusive emails from strangers to prove damages. Two are from "OverlordMustafa" and the third calls him a loser. "Is that all they've got? Steyn ask?
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Loser? Steyn says Mr. Mann says far worse than call people a loser every moment of the day. "He doesn't even stop for public holidays."
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
I was shocked when I heard what Mann treated two days ago. Steyn told the jury that on MLK day, Mann tweeted that, Steve McIntyre, an upcoming witness in the trial who challenged Manns stats had "a disturbing connection with white supremacy."!!!!
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Steyn said that if Mann had said this before a trial in the UK - it would be "witness tampering" and Mann would be "facing a spell behind bars."
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Steyn:"Michael Mann is now an activist, tweeter..... couple of scientific papers provide cover for activism"But in the crazy world of Michael E. Mann, highly technical disagreement about Mann's use of principal components analysis is equivalent of burning a cross on your lawn.
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
If Steyn statements are defamatory of Mann, "why is Mann's statement not defamatory of Stephen McIntyre? Mr. Mann wants a world where no one can criticize him but he can damn anyone he cares to as a white supremacist, a racist, a homophobe, whatever."
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
"This is extremely weird behavior from a scientist" Steyn told the jury. "Which is why so many scientists around the world want nothing to do with him. Mann's a classic example of the guy who can dish it out but can't take it."
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
@Steynonline said Mann could not prove he had been damaged by his post "In the 11-1/2 years since the publications at issue he has been lofted onward and upward through the stratosphere of the American establishment."
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
In the most astonishing part of his opening Mark Steyn revealed how Prof @MichaelEMann has frequently and falsely claimed to have won the Nobel Peace Prize.
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
"Mr. Mann is a fraud, a terrible fraud." Steyn showed Manns original complaint to the court where he falsely claimed three times to have won a Nobel Peace Prize!
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
"It's the equivalent of... of stolen valor, those contemptible men one runs into from time to time who claim to have been in the thick of it at Omaha Beach on D-Day or in Vietnam in reality, they were back home in the La-Z-Boy recliner watching Dancing With the Stars"
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Michael Mann is the only scientist on the planet for whom the director of the Nobel Institute has had to issue a statement explaining that he has not and never has been a, quote," Nobel prize recipient" Steyn told jury
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
Stay to jury: "So I wrote, starting in 2001, that his Hockey a fraud. But I came to learn very quickly, as that Michael Mann himself is a terrible fraud."
@PhelimMcAleer - Phelim McAleer
If you want to hear @Steynonline speech to jury - this podcast has the highlights in audio - re-enacted. A gripping listen: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/climate-change-on-trial/id1713827256?i=1000642238509
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
It is a proven, scientific fact that the earth's atmosphere has gotten warmer since humans started burning fossil fuels. (1/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20161125071509/http://climate.nasa.gov/news/2241/why-so-many-global-temperature-records/โฆ #Environment #ClimateCrisis #ClimateChange #GlobalWarming #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg #NuclearPower
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
Back when the dinosaurs were alive, carbon dioxide levels in the air were five times as high as they are today. The world did not come to an end. (2/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20140703210506/https://www.livescience.com/44330-jurassic-dinosaur-carbon-dioxide.html #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
Back when the dinosaurs were alive, global temperatures were so high that there were no polar ice caps. The world did not come to an end. (3/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20150327004317/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-12378934 #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
Today, the owners of commercial greenhouses deliberately pump extra carbon dioxide into the air inside their greenhouses, in order to make their plants grow better. (4/15) web.archive.org/web/2018062218โฆ #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
NASA: โCarbon Dioxide Fertilization Greening Earth, Study Finds.โ (5/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20170127202003/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-greening-earth/ #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
ABC News: โIt might seem like the weather's getting warmer here on Earth, but Mars appears to have an even bigger global warming problem.โ (6/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20210303180827/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98168&page=1 #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
French-style nuclear power is the most environmentally friendly way to produce electricity. (7/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20140225195914/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/france-vive-les-nukes/ #NuclearPower #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
The inside of U.S. commercial nuclear power plants is actually less radioactive than the U.S. Capitol Building, where members of Congress work every day. (8/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20000609114742/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/reaction/interact/facts.html #NuclearPower #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
Germany has been replacing nuclear power with coal and candles. (9/15) https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/7/12/23205691/germany-energy-crisis-nuclear-power-coal-climate-change-russia-ukraine https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2022/12/20/1144258347/facing-an-energy-crisis-germans-stock-up-on-candles #NuclearPower #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg #Idiocracy #Luddites #BjรธrnLomborg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
The increased coal pollution from Germany shutting down its nuclear power plants may have already killed more people than Chernobyl and Fukushima combined. (10/15) https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:iSMahk7s1xAJ:https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/05/10/germany-end-nuclear-cost-climate-health/&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg #BjรธrnLomborg #Idiocracy #Luddites #RiskAnalysis
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
New York state has been closing some of its nuclear reactors, and replacing them with fossil fuels. (11/15) https://www.lohud.com/story/news/2022/07/22/new-york-fossil-fuels-increase-after-indian-point-nuclear-plant-shutdown/65379172007/ #NuclearPower #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
Vermont replaced its only nuclear reactor (which had accounted for 71.8% of the stateโs electricity production) with fossil fuels obtained from fracking. (12/15) https://web.archive.org/web/20141230111022/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/30/vermont-yankee-nuclear-plant-winds-down-operations/21037371/ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_Plant&oldid=645082757 #NuclearPower #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
โA wind energy company has pleaded guilty after killing at least 150 eaglesโ (13/15) https://www.npr.org/2022/04/06/1091250692/esi-energy-bald-eagles #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
Wind and solar farms use fossil fuels as a backup when the wind isn't blowing and the sun isn't shining. (14/15) https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:zzdV5cQ5HecJ:https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/08/11/turns-out-wind-and-solar-have-a-secret-friend-natural-gas/&hl=en&gl=us #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@DanielAlmanPGH - Daniel Alman from Squirrel Hill
TED Talk: Michael Shellenberger explains why he switched from being anti-nuclear power to pro-nuclear power. (15/15) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciStnd9Y2ak #NuclearPower #MichaelShellenberger #GreenNewDeal #AOC #GretaThunberg
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 8/18. The supposed major harms from CO2 emissions are all merely hypothetical, and mostly implausible. None of them are actually happening. For instance, the coral of the Great Barrier Reef are doing fine: https://archive.ph/IcRIY https://archive.ph/IcRIY
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 9/18. "Extreme weather" is not getting worse. Hurricanes, tornadoes, nor'easters, and droughts are not worsening. In fact, tornadoes & droughts have become much less destructive. Here're the facts on hurricanes, from an expert: https://rogerpielkejr.substack.com/p/2023-update-what-the-media-wont-tell
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 10/18. Droughts have showed only a slight decreasing trend, but they're MUCH less destructive now, because elevated CO2 levels make plants more water-efficient and drought-resilient.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 11/18. Strong tornadoes have decreased markedly (though nobody is sure why). https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 12/18. The tide gauge at Harlingen has a continuous sea-level measurement record all the way back to 1865. Contrary to climate industry FUD, the sea-level trend has not been significantly affected by climate change. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=sealevel#sealevel
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 13/18. All of the important effects of CO2 emissions and manmade climate change are positive! Elevated CO2 (eCO2) is beneficial for almost all ecosystems. In fact, eCO2 even helps pine forests withstand bark beetles. https://academic.oup.com/treephys/article/32/6/752/1663608
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 14/18. Elevated CO2 helps warm the Earth, but there's no convincing evidence that's harmful. In fact, scientists call the warmest climate periods "climate optimums." That's because, by all objective measures, warm is better than cold. https://unherd.com/thepost/bjorn-lomborg-how-global-warming-will-save-lives/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 15/18. Natural ecosystems benefit from CO2 emissions, too. In fact, CO2 emissions are greening the Earth. https://www.nasa.gov/technology/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-greening-earth-study-finds/ https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html This is NASA's video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 16/18. The fact that elevated CO2 is extremely beneficial for agriculture has been known to science for >100 years. https://tinyurl.com/1920sciamCO2
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
17/18. Rising CO2 levels improve crop yields in two major ways: through "CO2 fertilization," and by improving drought resilience and water use efficiency (WUE). That's long-settled science, among agronomists. Most plants utilize C3 photosynthesis, and agronomy studies show that for C3 crops the CO2 fertilization benefit is highly linear as CO2 levels rise, until above about 1000 ppmv (which is far higher than we could ever hope to drive outdoor CO2 levels by burning fossil fuels). That linearity is obvious in the green (C3) trace, in this graph: https://sealevel.info/C3_and_C4_Pflanze_vs_CO2_Konzentration_1750_1984_2018_2019.png Here's a study about wheat (a C3 crop): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929390 Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. doi:10.1111/gcb.13263. Plants (and animals) are carbon-based lifeforms. Plants get the carbon they need from CO2 in the air; CO2 is, literally, plant food. The higher the CO2 level, the less air plants must process through their stomata, and the less water they lose in the process (transpiration). Elevated CO2 improves plants' WUE and drought resilience by improving CO2 stomatal conductance relative to transpiration. So eCO2 is especially beneficial in arid regions, and especially beneficial for crops which are under drought stress. Corn (maize) has been very heavily studied. Even though it is a C4 grass (and C4 plants are better at enduring low CO2 levels), corn benefits greatly from elevated CO2, especially under drought stress. Here's a paper: sciencedirect.com/science/articlโฆ Chun et al. (2011). Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and water stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency in corn. Agric For Meteorol 151(3), pp 378-384, ISSN 0168-1923. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.015. EXCERPT: "There have been many studies on the interaction of CO2 and water on plant growth. Under elevated CO2, less water is used to produce each unit of dry matter by reducing stomatal conductance." That improvement is one of several major reasons that catastrophic drought-triggered famines are fading from living memory, for the first time in history. If you're too young to remember huge, devastating, drought-triggered famines, count yourself blessed. Through all of human history, until very recently, famine was one of the great scourges of mankind, the Third Horseman of the Apocalypse. But no more. That is a miracle! Here's the data: https://ourworldindata.org/famines https://sealevel.info/Famine-death-rate-since-1860s-revised-annot1.png Ending famine is a VERYโ Big Deal, comparable to ending war and disease. Compare: โ Covid-19 killed 0.1% of world population. โ 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2%. โ WWII killed 2.7%. โ The near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world population. https://sealevel.info/C3_and_C4_Pflanze_vs_CO2_Konzentration_1750_1984_2018_2019.png https://sealevel.info/Famine-death-rate-since-1860s-revised-annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
18/18. If you want to understand a commercialized and politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced, accurate information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html This resource list has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@_ClimateCraze - John Shewchuk
Latest CO2 research indicates that doubling CO2's concentration from 400 to 800 ppm theoretically warms the climate by 0.71 degrees C, which is reflected in this graph. https://t.co/OWu3izJGMZ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/10. Where on earth do you "learn" such nonsense, Willard? Growing ranges for most major crops cover climate zones with average temperatures that vary by tens of ยฐC. Major crops like corn, wheat, potatoes & soybeans are produced from Mexico to Canada. Compared to that, a degree or two of warming (disproportionately at night, in winter, at chilly high latitudes) is de minimis -- as is the 0.35ยฑ0.13ยฐC between now and what the IPCC calls "1.5ยฐC of warming").
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/10. Willard wrote, "fertilization is the male gamete to female gamete to produce seed/fruit... not the N-P-K addition" Wrong. In agriculture, that's called pollination.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/10. Willard wrote, "(yes, it is often temperature sensitive)" Wrong. Farmers choose planting dates to optimize growing conditions, including temperatures, for their crops.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 4/10. If you think cold weather is better for crops than hot weather, then why do you think farmers plant in the spring instead of the fall?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/10. Willard wrote, "Don't forget the negatives" There are no "negatives" of any consequence from higher CO2 levels. Higher CO2 levels are highly beneficial for agriculture.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/10. Willard wrote, "High temps impact soil moisture levels, evapotranspiration" If you're worried about soil moisture levels and evapotranspiration, then why do you ignore the fact that higher CO2 levels improve crops' water use efficiency and drought resistance?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/10. Here's a paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00114-5 Cheng L et al (2017). Recent increases in terrestrial carbon uptake at little cost to the water cycle. Nat Commun 8, 110 (2017). doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5 It reports thatโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/10. "Land plants are absorbing 17% more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere now than 30 years agoโฆ [yet] the vegetation is hardly using any extra waterโฆ suggesting that global change is causing the world's plants to grow in a more water-efficient way." https://theconversation.com/rising-carbon-dioxide-is-making-the-worlds-plants-more-water-wise-79427
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8.1/10. Aside: for agricultural plants, carbon absorption is roughly proportional to crop yield, so a +17% increase in carbon uptake from a mere 55 ppmv (16%) rise in CO2 level strongly suggests that crop yield improvements from elevated CO2 are much greater than the +20% conservative estimate which I previously mentioned.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/10. Here's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13263 Fitzgerald et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 10/10. If you ever decide that you want to learn about these things, I have some good resources cataloged here: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=benefits
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
You're in denial of thousands of rigorous agronomy studies, over more than a century, which have measured the very large benefits of rising CO2 levels for agriculture. Of course, despite the benefits of elevated CO2, it's still possible to destroy agricultural productivity with bad governance. https://twitter-thread.com/t/1719372491536085167 Mao demonstrated that 60+ years ago, in pursuit of socialist utopia. Gotabaya Rajapaksa proved it again in Sri Lanka in 2021. Sri Lanka's humanitarian and economic disaster is the poison fruit of climate alarmism. Leftist politicians and climate activists are doing their best to lower crop yields, and return us to the days of mass famines. Most young people don't know much history, so they don't know what that's like. They're in for a very rude awakening, if the climate activists get their way. Compare: โ Covid-19 has killed about 0.1% of world population, so far โ The 1918 flu killed โ2% โ WWII killed โ2.7% โ But the global drought & famine of 1876-78 killed an estimated 3.7% of world population Dutch farmers are some of the most productive in the world, but their leftist, climate-conscious government is doing their best to end that: https://reuters.com/business/environment/dutch-farmers-protest-plan-curb-nitrogen-pollution-2022-06-22/ So is Baby Trudeau's leftist, climate-conscious government in Canada: https://agweb.com/news/policy/politics/new-policy-forces-canadian-producers-cut-back-fertilizer The Left and the Climate Industry are at war against agriculture, and against against humanity https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine In fact, the Climate Industry is ultimately at war against science itself. The IPCC's 2022 AR6 Report explicitly promotes homeopathic climatology (TCRE/RCB), which is just as unscientific as it sounds. Eli Rabett @EthonRaptor won't answer the question; so how about you, Willard? Do you agree with AR6 that CO2 which was FORMERLY in the air STILL has a warming effect? Or do you reject the IPCC's unscientific homeopathic climatology? Climate activists are like modern Lysenkoists, pretending to be scientific, while shredding real science. Or are you going to pretend there's anything scientific about GISS "climate scientist" @DrKateMarvel Kate Marvel's "intersectional science"? https://sealevel.info/intersectional_blah_blah_blah.html
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 Again, are the slopes of increasing yields similar or dissimilar, Dave? CO2 fertilization would โlift all boatsโ leading to similar slopes Differences in implementing the Green Revolution would mean dissimilar slopes What does the data say??
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7. The only trace on that graph which does not show large improvement in cereal yield per hectare is the trace for Niger. The graph ended with an anomalously bad crop year for cereals in Niger (2021). Fortunately, 2022 was much better; here's an article https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/06/19/niger-strong-agricultural-season-boosts-economic-rebound-in-2022
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7. By displaying high productivity countries like the USA along with Niger, you forced OurWorldInData to scale the graphs so that it's hard to see the trend in Niger. But if you display Niger alone, as I've done here, you'll see that cereal yields declined there until about thirty years ago, but they've improved since then (except for 2021).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 3/7. The other major staple crop in Niger is cassava. Its yields have improved considerably. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cassava_yield_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7. That's probably because cassava benefits tremendously from additional CO2, especially in the dry conditions which are prevalent in most of Niger. Here's a paper about it: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523 Cruz et al 2018. Elevated CO2 reduces whole transpiration and substantially improves root production of cassava grown under water deficit. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 64: 1623-1634. doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7. Most of Niger is desert or near-desert, which means most of its land is poorly suited for growing crops. Over the 60 year period shown, Niger's population increased by about 640%. As a result, the amount of land under cultivation drastically increased, resulting in more marginal land being put to the plow. That, of course, can be expected to lower the average cereal yield per hectare. Nevertheless, other than a bad year in 2021, yields there have been improving since the mid 1990s. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cereal_production_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7. That's probably because of the well-known fact that, in addition to improving production by CO2 fertilization, rising CO2 levels improve crops' water use efficiency and drought resilience. Here's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13263 Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. doi:10.1111/gcb.13263.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 7/7. The science has been settled for over a century: elevated CO2 is tremendously beneficial for agriculture. The climate activists who refuse to acknowledge that established fact are science deniers. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=preciousairfertilizer#agriculture
@reSeeIt - reSee.it
@ncdave4life @Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @threadreaderapp @rattibha Itโs stored forever โพ๏ธ with reSeeIt thanks to IPFS ๐ช and blockchain. @ncdave4life, check out the permanently stored blockchain record, find related posts, and read the AI summary by clicking here ๐ https://resee.it/tweet/1720229686817485063
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @Willard1951 @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 10/10. The reality is that most farmers are not idiots, and the higher CO2 levels go the more productive our farms will be. That's not speculation, that's the measured conclusion of thousands of rigorous agronomy studies. https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 The increase in food yields is farmers, industry & governments implementing and investing in the Green Revolution, Dave That will vary around the globe The increase in CO2 and CO2 fertilization should be everywhere Another figure
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
You're in denial of thousands of rigorous agronomy studies, over more than a century, which have measured the very large benefits of rising CO2 levels for agriculture. Of course, despite the benefits of elevated CO2, it's still possible to destroy agricultural productivity with bad governance. https://twitter-thread.com/t/1719372491536085167 Mao demonstrated that 60+ years ago, in pursuit of socialist utopia. Gotabaya Rajapaksa proved it again in Sri Lanka in 2021. Sri Lanka's humanitarian and economic disaster is the poison fruit of climate alarmism. Leftist politicians and climate activists are doing their best to lower crop yields, and return us to the days of mass famines. Most young people don't know much history, so they don't know what that's like. They're in for a very rude awakening, if the climate activists get their way. Compare: โ Covid-19 has killed about 0.1% of world population, so far โ The 1918 flu killed โ2% โ WWII killed โ2.7% โ But the global drought & famine of 1876-78 killed an estimated 3.7% of world population Dutch farmers are some of the most productive in the world, but their leftist, climate-conscious government is doing their best to end that: https://reuters.com/business/environment/dutch-farmers-protest-plan-curb-nitrogen-pollution-2022-06-22/ So is Baby Trudeau's leftist, climate-conscious government in Canada: https://agweb.com/news/policy/politics/new-policy-forces-canadian-producers-cut-back-fertilizer The Left and the Climate Industry are at war against agriculture, and against against humanity https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine In fact, the Climate Industry is ultimately at war against science itself. The IPCC's 2022 AR6 Report explicitly promotes homeopathic climatology (TCRE/RCB), which is just as unscientific as it sounds. Eli Rabett @EthonRaptor won't answer the question; so how about you, Willard? Do you agree with AR6 that CO2 which was FORMERLY in the air STILL has a warming effect? Or do you reject the IPCC's unscientific homeopathic climatology? Climate activists are like modern Lysenkoists, pretending to be scientific, while shredding real science. Or are you going to pretend there's anything scientific about GISS "climate scientist" @DrKateMarvel Kate Marvel's "intersectional science"? https://sealevel.info/intersectional_blah_blah_blah.html
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 Again, are the slopes of increasing yields similar or dissimilar, Dave? CO2 fertilization would โlift all boatsโ leading to similar slopes Differences in implementing the Green Revolution would mean dissimilar slopes What does the data say??
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7. The only trace on that graph which does not show large improvement in cereal yield per hectare is the trace for Niger. The graph ended with an anomalously bad crop year for cereals in Niger (2021). Fortunately, 2022 was much better; here's an article https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/06/19/niger-strong-agricultural-season-boosts-economic-rebound-in-2022
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7. By displaying high productivity countries like the USA along with Niger, you forced OurWorldInData to scale the graphs so that it's hard to see the trend in Niger. But if you display Niger alone, as I've done here, you'll see that cereal yields declined there until about thirty years ago, but they've improved since then (except for 2021).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 3/7. The other major staple crop in Niger is cassava. Its yields have improved considerably. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cassava_yield_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7. That's probably because cassava benefits tremendously from additional CO2, especially in the dry conditions which are prevalent in most of Niger. Here's a paper about it: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523 Cruz et al 2018. Elevated CO2 reduces whole transpiration and substantially improves root production of cassava grown under water deficit. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 64: 1623-1634. doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7. Most of Niger is desert or near-desert, which means most of its land is poorly suited for growing crops. Over the 60 year period shown, Niger's population increased by about 640%. As a result, the amount of land under cultivation drastically increased, resulting in more marginal land being put to the plow. That, of course, can be expected to lower the average cereal yield per hectare. Nevertheless, other than a bad year in 2021, yields there have been improving since the mid 1990s. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cereal_production_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7. That's probably because of the well-known fact that, in addition to improving production by CO2 fertilization, rising CO2 levels improve crops' water use efficiency and drought resilience. Here's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13263 Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. doi:10.1111/gcb.13263.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 7/7. The science has been settled for over a century: elevated CO2 is tremendously beneficial for agriculture. The climate activists who refuse to acknowledge that established fact are science deniers. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=preciousairfertilizer#agriculture
@drwaheeduddin - Dr. Waheed Uddin
UN spending billions on climatechange fallacy & its bureaucracy while 800 millions go hungry & millions more live in poverty of food & elec. https://t.co/5tBIvSSh2b
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin @COP28_UAE So after a number of tweets Dave has arrived at my original estimate back on Oct 24th and basically agreed with me Why so much effort spent on something so simple?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
I'm glad you finally understand that, according to NOAA's AGGI chart, over the last 1/3 century CH4 has accounted for just 8.6% of the radiative forcing increase from anthropogenic GHGs. I'm a bit worried about your failing memory, though. They say the mind is the second thing to go. https://sealevel.info/aggi_percentage_forcing_attribution_per_GHG_2022_annot1.png
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin @COP28_UAE I noted 6 days ago that the annual radiative forcing of methane was ~18% based on a quick look at the NOAA AGGI chart, Dave After showing you the AMS SoC tables, you now agree Yet, you still flounder and try to cover up your mistakes Why Dave?
@Daniel_Marbella - Daniel
@Willard1951 @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin James, if you read carefully, he claims about last 1/3 century, not since pre industrial times. After 1992 CH4 slope curves, adding just around 0,2 W/m^2 of radiative forcing in 30 years (0,0066 W/m^2/year). In fact, the effect of CH4 is truly magnified.
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@Daniel_Marbella @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin Dave is floundering, Dan Methane constitutes a significant human GHG emission and thus a significant contributor to the current warming of Earth's climate system
@Daniel_Marbella - Daniel
@Willard1951 @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin According to modern evidence, CH4 only contributed about 0,6 W/m^2 since it was half nowaday concentration. And barely 0,7W/m^2 when doubled. The big factor as GHG is CO2.
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@Daniel_Marbella @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin As we noted in the thread on current contributions to radiative forcing CO2 ~65% CH4 ~18% And remember, CH4 has resumed its rise
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/4. We've been over this, Willard. According to NOAA's AGGI chart, over the last 1/3 century CH4 has accounted for just 8.6% of the radiative forcing increase from anthropogenic GHGs. Not 18% or 25%. That's about 1/10แตสฐ of the contribution which we get from the ongoing rise in CO2. If that tiny contribution to modest and benign warming worries you, perhaps counseling would help.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/4. Here's the CH4 graph: https://sealevel.info/CH4.html https://sealevel.info/CH4_2012-2022_10.55_ppbv_per_yr.png Despite the modest uptick in CH4 level over the last 15 years, the rate of rise in CH4's radiative forcing is still much slower than it was 50-60 years ago. In the 1960s and 1970s the CH4 level rose relatively fast, and consequently CH4 was a larger contributor to radiative forcing increase.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/4. The relatively sharp rise in CH4 level in the 1960s & 1970s was insufficient to reverse the worrisome 1950s-70s cooling trend. Here's a clip from CBS TV, in which Walter Cronkite, The Most Trusted Man in Americaโข, reporting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4JX1S9YZBo Hubert Lamb (source for that CBS story) was the founding director of the UEA Climate Research Unit. Here's a 1974 CIA report, based on the best current science, about the worrisome cooling trend: climatemonitor.it/wp-content/uplโฆ Here's an excerpt, from the Summary: "The western world's leading climatologists have confirmed recent reports of a detrimental global climatic changeโฆ during 50 of the last 60 years the Earth has, on the average, enjoyed the best agricultural climate since the eleventh centuryโฆ The world is returning to the type of climate which has existed over the last 400 years. That is, the abnormal climate of agricultural-optimum is being replaced by a normal climate of the neo-boreal era. The climate change began in 1960โฆ" The grim climate to which we were thought to be returning was the Little Ice Age. "Boreal" means cold: boreal. adj. Relating to or characteristic of the climatic zone south of the Arctic, especially the cold temperate region dominated by taiga and forests of birch, poplar, and conifersโฆ โโโโโโ โโ The global cooling scare was one of the main reasons for the shiny new anti-air-pollution laws governing power plants, in the 1970s. The other main reason was "acid rain." (Note: Unlike "acidified" oceans, which are actually alkaline, acid rain really is acidic.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/4. But, Willard, you said "current warming." The CH4 rise 50-60 years ago is irrelevant to that. 1. The main anthropogenic factors affecting it are CO2 & air pollution abatement. 2. The main natural factors are probably Hunga Tonga (1/2022) & El Niรฑo. https://t.co/LDKUWm76lJ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/25. The leading organization promoting the Climate Industry's "climate emergency" PR campaign is the IPCC. It has severe credibility issues. Investigative journalist Donna Laframboise explains some of them in this lecture about the IPCC's 2007 AR4 Report: https://youtube.com/watch?v=InIQkyKYfv4โฆ (It's 31 minutes but she speaks very clearly, so she's perfectly understandable at 2x speed.) https://sealevel.info/glossary.html#ar4โฆ (Caveat: I've been an IPCC Expert Reviewer on a couple of their assessment reports.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/25. It's only gotten worse since then. The IPCC's 2022 AR6 Report explicitly promotes what I call "homeopathic climatology" (TCRE/RCB), which represents an overt rejection of science.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/25. The TCRE ("Transient Climate Response to cumulative CO2 Emissions") and RCB ("Remaining Carbon Budget") concepts are homeopathy applied to climatology: the belief that the mere memory of a substance is all that's necessary for it to have its effect.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/25. It's as if they think The Ghost of CO2 Past haunts the atmosphere, continuing to warm the Earth long after the CO2 has been removed from the air and sequestered in other carbon reservoirs. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/the-ghost-of-christmas-past-dave-rheaume.html (Art by Dave Rheaume @DaveRheaume)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/25. Of course, only GHGs still in the air actually have a warming effect. So a scientist who valued real science more than the IPCC's political agenda would denounce that TCRE & RCB pseudoscience. But I know of no climate alarmists who've done so. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=debates#debates https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=debates#debates
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/25. The evidence is compelling that CO2 emissions are beneficial, not harmful. Here are some relevant papers about it: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume 7/25. You can learn much more about CO2 and it's effects, from a very fine scientific organization called The CO2 Coalition @CO2Coalition. I'm honored to be a Member. This is their website: https://co2coalition.org/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 8/25. The supposed major harms from CO2 emissions are all merely hypothetical, and mostly implausible. None of them are actually happening. For instance, the coral of the Great Barrier Reef are doing fine: https://www.thegwpf.com/peter-ridd-record-coral-cover-of-great-barrier-reef-refutes-climate-alarmists/ https://www.thegwpf.com/peter-ridd-record-coral-cover-of-great-barrier-reef-refutes-climate-alarmists/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 9/25. "Extreme weather" is not getting worse. Hurricanes, tornadoes, nor'easters &droughts, are not worsening. In fact, tornadoes & droughts have become much less destructive. Here're the facts on hurricanes, from an expert: https://rogerpielkejr.substack.com/p/2023-update-what-the-media-wont-tell
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 10/25. Droughts have showed a slight decreasing trend, but they're substantially less destructive now, because elevated CO2 levels make plants more water-efficient and drought-resilient.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 11/25. Strong tornadoes have decreased markedly (though nobody is sure why). https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
12/25 ๐ ๐ Do you see what I see? โช โฌ โฉ A line, a line, running through the years A linear rise of the sea โช ๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด The tide gauge at Harlingen has a continuous sea-level measurement record all the way back to 1865. If it looks worrisome to you, counseling might help.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
13/25. I also have many resources about CO2 and climate change here: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=benefits#benefits This resource list has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 14/25. Since the Little Ice Age, the Earth is generally estimated to have warmed by a grand total of 1.0 to 1.3ยฐC, on average. (Nobody really knows.) NCA4 and the WMO estimate 1.02 to 1.27 ยฐC. https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/eight-warmest-years-record-witness-upsurge-climate-change-impacts#:~:text=The%2010%2Dyear%20average%20for%20the%20period%202013%2D2022%20is%20estimated%20to%20be%201.14%20%5B1.02%20to%201.27%5D%C2%A0%C2%B0C%20above%20the%201850%2D1900%20pre%2Dindustrial%20baseline
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 15/25. That's a little less than the hysteresis (a/k/a "dead band" or "dead zone") in a typical home thermostat, which is the amount that your indoorโ temperatures go up and down, all day long, without you even noticing it. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=temperature#temperature https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=temperature#temperature
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 16/25. 1ยฐC is the temperature change you get from an elevation change of about 500 feet (calculated from an average tropospheric lapse rate of 6.5ยฐC/km). https://sealevel.info/VerticalStructureOfAtmosphere_Updated2Nov2021_Waikato_NZ_1528x800_67pct_lapse_rate_emphasized.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 17/25. At mid-latitudes, 1ยฐC is about the temperature change you get from a latitude change of around 60 miles. https://sealevel.info/2015_zones_highres.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 18/25. In the American Midwest, farmers can fully compensate for a 1ยฐC temperature change by adjusting planting dates by about six days.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 19/25. Do you recognize how crazy it is for the climate industry to pretend that such a tiny temperature change is an "emergency?"
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
20/25. Actually, that's not what they pretend. They pretend less than half of that is a dire threat! What they call "1.5ยฐC warming" is actually just 0.35ยฐC warmer than present. That's because their baseline is an estimate of late Little Ice Age "pre-industrial" average temperature.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 21/25. They obviously do that to reduce the sniggering which would result if they called a prospective temperature change of 0.35ยฐC an "emergency."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 22/25. There's a broad consensus among historians and scientists that the Little Ice Age climate was worseโ than our current, warmer climate. Nevertheless, that neo-boreal (cold) climate is what the "net zero" campaigners are trying to return us to. https://sealevel.info/CIA1974ClimateReport2/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 23/25. Many climate activists seem to be meeting some sort of irrational emotional need to find something to be alarmed about.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 24/25. But it's clear that most of the people who write the checks for the "climate emergency" propaganda campaign don't really care about the global temperature. They're just selling products. Example: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/19/russia-secretly-working-with-environmentalists-to-oppose-fracking https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/19/russia-secretly-working-with-environmentalists-to-oppose-fracking
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
25/25. That's why they aren't worried about China's & India's massive coal power plant buildout. It's all about the Benjamins, baby.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1718335013471588510 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
The reason climate activists aren't worried about China's CO2 emissions is that they aren't really worried much about emissions. They're mainly worried about keeping Piggy fed. They don't call it a crisis "for nothing." $1.5 trillion/year ain't "nothing." It's all about the Benjamins. They call it a crisis to amp up support for feeding Piggy. The parasitic climate industry needs a LOT of propaganda to prop it up.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/17ใClimate change is not making hurricanes more destructive. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=hurricanes#hurricanes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/17ใNor is it making tornadoes more destructive. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/17ใNor is it making wildfires worse. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=fires#fires
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/17ใNor is it making droughts worse. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughts
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/17ใNor is it significantly affecting sea-level trends. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/17ใTemperatures are slightly milder than they were a century ago, but they are nowhere near unprecedented. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=temperatures#temperatures
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/17ใRecent warming is very slow & slight compared to past natural warming events, such as Dansgaard-Oeschger terminations. Ice cores record dozens of them in the last 100K years. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=d-o#d-o D-O terminations warmed at rates of up to several degrees/decade (>10ร recent rates of warming), in the NH. Fortunately, even those large, abrupt temperature changes apparently didn't cause mass extinctions.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/17ใThe main consequences of CO2 emissions and climate change have been very positive, like a greening Earth: https://www.nasa.gov/technology/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-greening-earth-study-finds/ https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html This is NASA's video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/17ใThe Sahel (southern Sahara) is benefiting tremendously from rising CO2 levels. https://www.sealevel.info/Pearce2002_Africans_go_back_to_the_land_as_plants_reclaim_the_desert-New_Scientist.html @NewScientist reported the "remarkable environmental turnaround," including a โquite spectacular regeneration of vegetation,โ and "70% increase in yields of local cereals such as sorghum and millet in one province in recent years."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/17ใIn 2009 @NatGeo reported, "Vast swaths of North Africa are getting noticeably lusher due to warming temperatures, new satellite images show, suggesting a possible boon for people living in the driest part of the continent." https://sealevel.info/Owen2009_Sahara_Desert_Greening-NatGeo30639457.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 11/17ใRising CO2 levels greatly improve global food security, by increasing crop yields, through "CO2 fertilization," and through improved water use efficiency and drought resilience. That's helping make famines rare for the first time in history. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=benefits#benefits
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 12/17ใThroughout human history, until the late 20th century, famine was a Damoclean sword hanging over mankind: the "Third Horseman of the Apocalypse." If you're too young to remember catastrophic drought-triggered famines, count yourself blessed. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#famine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 13/17ใTo put it in perspective: โ Covid-19 killed 0.1% of world population. โ 1918 flu killed about 2%. โ WWII killed 2.7%. โ The near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world population. https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/31/23/jcli-d-18-0159.1.xml
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 14/17ใHere are some more papers documenting the major beneficial effects of CO2 emissions. https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 15/17ใThe CO2 Coalition has many great resources for learning the facts about CO2 and climate change: https://co2coalition.org/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 16/17ใMany top scientists are members of the CO2 Coalition, where they volunteer their time for free, in support of sound science.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
17/17ใTo understand #ClimateChange (or any other politicized or contentious topic), you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html This resource list has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1717641317214204301 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/10ใ That's the point, Brian! When it comes to taxes & spending, there's not a dime's worth of difference between Democrats and Trump. That's why @elonmusk lost patience with @realDonaldTrump. Tariffs are taxes, and 9ร is a BIG tax increase. But it hardly scratches the deficit. Do you have any idea how enormous Trump's $2 trillion/yr federal deficit is? https://www.usgovernmentspending.com/federal_deficit_chart https://www.usdebtclock.org/ For each family of four, the federal government is adding $23,500/year to the national debt. AND IT IS GETTING WORSE. Tariff revenue could at best cover about 5% of the federal budget, and that's optimistically ignoring the cost of the probable consequent recession (or worse).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 2/10ใ Trump is much more like a Democrat than a conservative Republican. W/r/t his personal conduct, he resembles Bill Clinton or Gary Hart. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 3/10ใ But Clinton had better manners than Trump. Trump is a narcissist, and a foul-mouthed, hypocritical, lecherous creep, who contradicts himself constantly.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 4/10ใ There are some bright spots. For instance, Trump 2.0 is showing more respect for real science than Trump 1.0 and the Democrats did. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/10ใ But Trump resembles Biden in many ways, none of them good. Both men lie constantly, and both even stole troves of government documents from the White House when they left office, some of them classified top secret. https://theweek.com/articles/651704/miss-george-w-bush I miss principled, conservative leadership.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/10ใ It's been over 16 years since we had a POTUS who I would trust to watch my dog for the weekend.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/10ใ On 1/17/2025, just before he left office, President Biden tried to amend the U.S. Constitution by decree & wishful thinking, to ratify the defeated ERA. Three days later President Trump tried to amend the U.S. Constitution by decree & wishful thinking, to end "birthright citizenship" for children born to aliens here temporarily or illegally, contradicting the plain language of the 14th Amendment. BOTH of those acts SHOULD be offensive to every American, and especially to every conservative. But as far as I can tell, the vast majority of people offended Biden's executive overreach on 1/17 were fine with Trump's on 1/20, and the vast majority of people offended by Trump's executive overreach on 1/20 were fine with Biden's on 1/17. "Until the people have, by some solemn and authoritative act, annulled or changed the established form [of the Constitution], it is binding upon themselves collectively, as well as individually; and no presumption, or even knowledge, of their sentiments, can warrant their representatives in a departure from it, prior to such an act." - Federalist #78
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 8/10ใ Both Trump and Biden are showing obvious signs of cognitive decline (though Biden's has progressed further than Trump's).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 9/10ใ Perhaps worst of all, both men determine their "convictions" based on a moist finger in the political wind. In fact, both of have completely reversed their positions even about murdering unborn babies, when it was politically convenient.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/10ใ So, yes, I know the Democrats are as bad as Trump. I know Biden tried to amend the Constitution by decree, and he lied constantly, just like Trump. I know Biden is even more pro-abortion than Trump, and he's as much of a tax-and-spend Keynesian as Trump. But THOSE ARE NOT GOOD EXCUSES for the GOP's abandonment of conservative principles! Biden & Harris are Democrats, so I expect it of them. We used to be able to expect better from Republicans.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@elonmusk @realDonaldTrump 10-part tweetstorm compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1952741608404685125 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/6. Global warming has not detectably worsened floods. Do you understand graphs? https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=wetdry#wetdry
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/6. Even the IPCC acknowledges that climate change has not detectably worsened floods. https://sealevel.info/AR6_says_changes_in_flood_magnitude_or_frequency_undetected03.png In a warming world, the "water cycle" should accelerate slightly, which could be expected to increase overall rainfall, and perhaps floods (and to decrease droughts). But the effect on flooding is so minor that, thus far, it is undetectable, according to the IPCC. Here's an excerpt from their Sixth Assessment Report (WG1, Chapter 11): 11.5.2 Observed trends. The SREX assessed low confidence for observed changes in the magnitude or frequency of floods at the global scale. This assessment was confirmed by the AR5 report. ...
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/6. In fact, none of the supposed major harms from #ClimateChange which the climate industry's FUD-based marketing predicts have actually come to pass. Hurricanes and tropical cyclones have not worsened, nor'easters have not worsened, coastal sealevel trends have scarcely changed, flooding hasn't detectably worsened, drought impacts have decreased, and severe tornadoes have decreased.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/6. The climate debate has NEVER been about whether "climate change is real." If that's what you think it is, you're not getting accurate, balanced information. https://www.quora.com/It-is-claimed-that-97-of-climate-scientists-state-that-anthropogenic-climate-change-is-real-What-evidence-do-the-3-who-dont-think-so-have-What-are-some-good-counterarguments-to-their-claims/answer/Dave-Burton-2
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/6. The scientific evidence is compelling that manmade climate change is real, but modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are beneficial. https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-greening-earth-study-finds/ This is a NASA video about one of the major benefits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/6. To understand a contentious issue like climate change requires balanced info. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=agriculture That's a resource list with: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to best blogs on BOTH sides of the issue
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1941590773809455434 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
To learn about #ClimateChange see: https://www.sealevel.info/learnmore.html It has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/18. Interesting story, Jeffrey, but it would've been improved by omitting the climate propaganda: https://time.com/7274542/colossal-dire-wolf/#:~:text=elephants%20that%20can%20better%20survive%20the%20climatic%20ravages%20of%20a%20warming%20worldโฆ "Climatic ravages of a warming world" are the same threat level as unicorn fart pollution.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/18. We don't need to engineer "elephants that can better survive the climatic ravages of a warming world." The existing elephants survived the mid-Eemian Climate Optimum, which was clearly warmer than now. Here's a NOAA graph: https://sealevel.info/Temperature-change-and-carbon-dioxide-change-measured-from-the-EPICA-Dome-C-ice-core-in-Antarctica-v5_200pct.png (I added the annotation, identifying the Eemian and Holocene [current] temperatures.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/18. NASA measures those "climatic ravages" (benefits). This is their video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI Are you surprised? Then you haven't been getting balanced, accurate information.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/18. The effects of CO2 emissions are heavily studied. They have a modest, benign warming effect, and large benefits for plants and animals. Here are some additional papers & articles about it: https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/18. Here's how elevated CO2 "ravages" (benefits) agriculture. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929390
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/18. Here's a paper how it benefits even corn, which, significantly, is a C4 photosynthesis crop: sciencedirect.com/science/articlโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/18. In fact, among agronomists it has been settled science for over a century that elevated CO2 is extremely beneficial for crops. This @sciam article is 125 years old! https://sealevel.info/ScientificAmerican_1920-11-27_CO2_fertilization.html They called anthropogenic CO2 emissions "the precious air fertilizer."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 8/18. Long-settled science confirms that CO2 emissions are enormously beneficial for both natural ecosystems and human agriculture, just as predicted by Nobel Laurate and Pioneer climatologist Svante Arrhenius, over a century ago. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrhenius#arrhenius
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 9/18. Thousands of rigorous subsequent studies have confirmed and refined his results. This site indexes many of them: co2science.org/data/plant_groโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/18. Rising CO2 levels are also very beneficial for natural ecosystems. They cause deserts to retreat, because plants become more water efficient and drought resilient when CO2 levels are higher. CO2 improves water use efficiency and drought resilience for plants by reducing stomatal conductance and, consequently, water loss through transpiration. Here are some references: 1. Chun JA, et al. (2011). Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and water stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency in corn. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(3), pp 378โ384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.015. 2. O'Leary GJ, et al. (2015). Response of wheat growth, grain yield and water use to elevated CO2 under a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment and modelling in a semi-arid environment. Glob Chang Biol. 21(7):2670โ2686. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12830 3. Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13263 4. Uddin S, et al. (2018) Elevated [CO2] mitigates the effect of surface drought by stimulating root growth to access sub-soil water. PLoS One. 13(6):e0198928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198928 5. Taylor, C & Schlenker, W (2021). Environmental Drivers of Agricultural Productivity Growth: CO2 Fertilization of US Field Crops. National Bureau of Economic Research, no. w29320. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29320 6. Chen, Xin et al (2024). The global greening continues despite increased drought stress since 2000. Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 49, 2024, e02791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02791.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/18. That makes droughts much less destructive. When CO2 levels were < 350 ppmv, catastrophic famines, usually triggered by drought, were common. Compare: โ COVID-19 killed about 0.1% of the world's population โ The catastrophic 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2% โ WWII killed 2.7% of the world's population โ But the near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world's population.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 12/18. Thankfully, catastrophic, drought-triggered famines are fading from living memory, and one of the main reasons is the 50% increase in average atmospheric CO2 level, thanks to fossil fuels.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 13/18. If you're young, you might not realize what a threat catastrophic, drought-induced famines were, until recently. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
14/18. The impact is especially great for Africa. Even politically correct National Geographic once reported the improvement, back in 2009 (though since then they've scrubbed that good news from their site): https://sealevel.info/Owen2009_Sahara_Desert_Greening-NatGeo30639457.html EXCERPT: "Vast swaths of North Africa are getting noticeably lusher due to warming temperatures, new satellite images show, suggesting a possible boon for people living in the driest part of the continent."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
15/18. New Scientist reported the "remarkable environmental turnaround," including "quite spectacular regeneration of vegetation," and "a 70 per cent increase in yields of local cereals such as sorghum and millet in one province in recent years." https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17523610-300-africans-go-back-to-the-land-as-plants-reclaim-the-desert/ See also: https://www.sealevel.info/Pearce2002_Africans_go_back_to_the_land_as_plants_reclaim_the_desert-New_Scientist.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 16/18. Elevated CO2 and consequent climate change dramatically improves global food security, and mitigates drought impacts. These two photos were both taken in the Madras region of the Indian subcontinent:
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam 17/18. If you believe there's a risk of "climatic ravages" from a warming world, you've been badly misled. The scientific evidence is compelling that manmade climate change is modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
18/18. To understand a contentious topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to best blogs on BOTH sides of the issue Please do not hesitate to contact me directly if you have questions or need expert sources for future articles.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@sciam Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1909579388510728550 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/12ใIan James @ByIanJames, you reported that, "Research has shown that human-caused climate change is driving worsening droughts in the western United States." That is false. Droughts have not worsened, either in the United States, or globally: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughtsโฆ https://sealevel.info/Fraction_of_the_Globe_in_Drought_1982-2012_fig5c.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/12ใU.S. droughts are not worsening. Here's NOAA NCDC's U.S. percentage very wet or very dry: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/uspa/wet-dry/0 https://sealevel.info/US_percentage_areas_very_wet_or_very_dry_NOAA_2025-01-11.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/12ใIn fact, CO2 emissions mitigate drought impacts. Elevated CO2 helps plants use water more efficiently, by reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration. That's especially helpful in arid regions & during droughts. Here's a paper about corn: sciencedirect.com/science/articlโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/12ใHere's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13263
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/12ใHere's a NASA video about how rising CO2 levels are greening the Earth and causing deserts to retreat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/12ใMitigation of drought damage is a very important benefit of rising CO2 levels, and it is one of the reasons that catastrophic drought-induced famines are fading from living memory, for the first time in human history. โ https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughts โ https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/31/23/jcli-d-18-0159.1.xml?tab_body=fulltext-display
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/12ใThat's a very, very Big Deal. Famine used to be a scourge comparable to war and epidemic, the Third Horseman of the Apocalypse. โ https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/12ใ https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#benefits For comparison: โ COVID-19 killed about 0.1% of the world's population โ The catastrophic 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2% โ WWII killed 2.7% of the world's population โ But the near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world's population.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/12ใDroughts still happen, of course, but elevated CO2 mitigates the adverse effects of vapor pressure deficit (dryness) on plants. That's why the global greening trend is most pronounced in the driest regions, like the Sahel (southern Sahara).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/12ใChatGPT did a good job of โโโโexplaining how elevated CO2 improves plants' water use efficiency and mitigates drought impacts: โโโIn agronomy, the effects of elevated CO2 on plant water use efficiency and drought resilience are extensively studied. One of the key mechanisms through which elevated CO2 levels improve water use efficiency is by reducing stomatal conductance and, consequently, water loss through transpiration. โโโโโโ โโโStomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that regulate gas exchange, including the uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis and the release of water vapor through transpiration. When CO2 levels are elevated, plants can maintain the same or higher rate of photosynthesis while reducing stomatal conductance. This reduction in stomatal conductance leads to a decrease in water loss through transpiration without significantly affecting CO2 uptake, resulting in improved water use efficiency.โ References: 1. Chun JA, et al. (2011). Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and water stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency in corn. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(3), pp 378โ384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.015. 2. O'Leary GJ, et al. (2015). Response of wheat growth, grain yield and water use to elevated CO2 under a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment and modelling in a semi-arid environment. Glob Chang Biol. 21(7):2670โ2686. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12830 3. Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13263 4. Uddin S, et al. (2018) Elevated [CO2] mitigates the effect of surface drought by stimulating root growth to access sub-soil water. PLoS One. 13(6):e0198928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198928 5. Taylor, C & Schlenker, W (2021). Environmental Drivers of Agricultural Productivity Growth: CO2 Fertilization of US Field Crops. National Bureau of Economic Research, no. w29320. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29320 6. Chen, Xin et al (2024). The global greening continues despite increased drought stress since 2000. Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 49, 2024, e02791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02791.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/12ใTo understand a politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from bothโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on bothโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on bothโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
12/12ใSo, Ian @ByIanJames, please correct this error in your @LATimes article: https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2025-03-21/desalination-tech-tested#:~:text=Research%20has%20shown%20that%20human,western%20United%20States
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@ByIanJames @latimes Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1904008142742012327 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HeyGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7ใ All of your examples are good, Simon. But I think one of the reasons so many people distrust science is that in some fields "experts" have proven to be untrustworthy. In some fields many so-called experts are just propagandists, or even crackpots. https://youtube.com/watch?v=kVk9a5Jcd1k&lc=UgyqbK1IDJFBj1mrRC54AaABAgโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7ใ It's not just fringe actors who "love [only] 'evidence' that supports what they already believe." Among people comfortably sharing a majority opinion, it's even worse, because peer pressure amplifies confirmation bias. https://www.simplypsychology.org/asch-conformity.html Have you heard of the Asch Conformity Line Experiment?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/7ใ Ideology also can contribute to anti-scientific bias, particularly at the extreme ends of the spectrum. Many articles of faith for leftists are simply incompatible with science. https://sealevel.info/intersectional_blah_blah_blah.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7ใ Science is not fundamentally either Left or Right. But periodically the Left goes to war against science. In the mid-20th century Trofim Lysenko was the communist point man in the Left's war against science. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/12/trofim-lysenko-soviet-union-russia/548786/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7ใ The Scientific Method is the foundation of science, the single thing which distinguishes science from all other scholarship. https://sealevel.info/papers.html#whitherscience:~:text=If%20the%20test%20results%20fail,scientist%20worthy%20of%20the%20name But the left-dominated U.S. National Academy of Science now opposes teaching the Scientific Method.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7ใ Human beings are instinctively tribal. That results in a great susceptibility to peer pressure. Many people would even rather believe in terrifying horrors than question the doctrines of those they see as their own tribe, no matter how ridiculous.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/7ใ Willingness to reevaluate and correct mistaken beliefs is a learned discipline, and it doesn't come easily. That discipline is as essential for mental health as for scientific progress and political sagacity. Unfortunately, it's almost as uncommon as common sense.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1889087376321847733 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread @HayGenLabs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/15โซ Dr. Belch (why oh why isn't she a gastroenterologist?) seems not to recognize the significance of the story. Climate activists predicted that if Earth's average temperature got to 1.5ยฐC above the pre-industrial (late Little Ice Age) baseline it would be a disaster. But they did, and nothing bad happened. The significance of that is that it means the climate activists were completely wrong.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/15โซ In case you're wondering, the 4 known factors which caused 2023 to be so mild were: 1. A strong El Niรฑo spike. And 2. IMO 2020 shipping regulations drastically reduced sulfate aerosol air pollution (The IMO says they resulted in "an estimated 46% decrease in ship-emitted aerosols," which equates to a sudden 10% decrease in total global SO2 emissions, which is a large improvement in a short time, with a significant warming effect). And 3. The unusual 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption, which humidified the stratosphere. And 4. Also a little bit of warming from the ongoing slow rise in atmospheric CO2 levels (though only about 25 ppmv/decade). It's all good, though (unfortunately) #1 & #3 are temporary.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/15โซ Q: And what was the result of all that warmth? A: Nothing. Nothing bad, anyhow. We still get storms, but they're no worse than in the past. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=hurricanes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/15โซ In fact, some categories of storms have decreased. https://climateataglance.com/climate-at-a-glance-tornadoes/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/15โซ Although droughts still happen, drought impacts are reduced, because elevated CO2 levels make plants more water-efficient and drought resilient. Refs:
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/15โซ Along with improved crop yields from "CO2 fertilization," that has greatly improved global food security and decreased famine risk. Global crop yields are near or above all-time records. Refs: https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields https://sealevel.info/ourworldindata_cereal_yield_4regions_1961_and_2022_annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/15โซ Thanks to mild 2022-23 and 2023-24 winters, Germany got by without needing Russian gas โ which is a very good thing, since they can't get it anymore. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-did-germany-fare-without-russian-gas/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/15โซ Coastal sea-level trends are about the same as they were seventy years ago (i.e., very slow/slight). https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/15โซ Honolulu is arguably the best quality sea-level measurement record in the world. It's near the middle of the world's largest ocean. It has 119 years of continuous measurements, from a near ideal location, without even a single missing month of data. It shows: https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=honolulu https://sealevel.info/1612340_Honolulu_thru_2023-04_vs_CO2_annot1_1186x700.png Linear trend = 1.54 ยฑ0.20 mm/yr (6 inches/century) Acceleration = 0.000 ยฑ0.013 mm/yrยฒ (perfectly linear)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/15โซ Note that there's been no detectable acceleration in the sea-level trend there. That's typical: some long measurement records show negligible acceleration, and others show none at all. Here's a Dutch measurement record with 158 years of continuous data! https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Harlingen&boxcar=1&boxwidth=3 https://sealevel.info/Dutch_dike_vs_Harlingen_sea-level_trend_1880x940_v06.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/15โซ In fact, the "global" (average) coastal sea-level trend is so slight & slow that in many places it is dwarfed by local factors, like erosion, sedimentation, and/or vertical land motion. @GretaThunberg's hometown of Stockholm is one such place. https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Stockholm&c_date=2002/4-2014/3&lin_ci=0 https://sealevel.info/050-141_Stockholm_Sweden_1889-2020_smoothed_vs_CO2_annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
12/15โซ The one really important change due to carbon emissions is a monumentally important improvement over the the last half century or so: the end of catastrophic famines. References: https://sealevel.info/Famine-death-rate-since-1860s-revised-annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
13/15โซ That's right: catastrophic famines are fading from living memory, for the very first time. For all of human history, famine (usually caused by drought) was one of the great scourges of mankind, the Third Horseman of the Apocalypse โ until now!
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@GretaThunberg 14/15โซ If you're too young to recognized what a miracle that is, count yourself blessed. In large part because of elevated CO2 levels, catastrophic famines no longer happen.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
15/15โซ To understand a highly politicized issue like climate change, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#benefits It has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ accurate information about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@GretaThunberg Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1810688760646177040 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/10. When climate activists like Prof. Christopher Taylor have the power to block publication and deny tenure to young professors with differing opinions, it corrupts academia and distorts science. https://sealevel.info/ammocrypta_1808686484867760224_has_chaired_tenure_and_promotion_committee_for_8yrs.png https://x.com/ammocrypta/status/1808686484867760224
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/10. Scientific consensuses exist about many things, but we don't talk much about them, because we don't disagree about them. If there's a hot debate about the existence of a consensus, it means there's no consensus.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/10. One of the dishonest tactics used by the parasitic climate industry to promote their products is to pretend there's a scientific consensus that the "climate crisis" is real. That's a plain lie.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/10. Censorship is a fundamental part of climate activism. One of the main ways climate activists promote the lie that there's a "consensus" among scientists for the so-called "climate crisis" is by suppressing viewpoints which differ from their own.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/10. That's why most climate alarmist blogs are heavily censored to quash dissent, as are platforms like YouTube. To have meaningful online discussions about climate, you must go to blogs run by skeptics of climate alarmism, like WUWT, ClimateEtc, etc. https://wattsupwiththat.com/ https://judithcurry.com/ https://drroyspencer.com/ https://climateaudit.org/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/10. I searched for years for climate alarmist blogs that aren't censored to promote the climate industry's agenda. I found a few, but you've probably never heard of them. The major alarmist blogs are all heavily censored. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=blogs#blogs
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/10. "Coming out" as a climate realist is a sure way to not get tenure in leftist-controlled schools. It's a safe bet that if Prof. Taylor had chaired the department's tenure and promotion committee at Princeton, Prof. Dyson would've been denied tenure.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/10. The real climate debate isn't about whether 'climate change is real.' The real debate is whether Nobel Laurate and "Father of Climatology" Svante Arrhenius was right or wrong, when he predicted that CO2 emissions would be highly beneficial. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrhenius#arrhenius
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/10. Arrhenius was right. But with Christopher Taylor chairing the tenure and promotion committee, Arrhenius probably could not have gotten tenure in Prof. Taylor's department at The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/10. To understand a contentious & politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1808806683675697427 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7. This PBS piece is extremely misleading. Elevated CO2 greatly improves crop yields, and it mitigates drought impacts, by improving plants' water use efficiency (WUE) and drought resilience. See: https://masterresource.org/carbon-dioxide/co2-increased-water-use-efficiency/ I asked ChatGPT to explain the mechanism by which agronomists have found that elevated CO2 improves crops' WUE and drought resilience. It did a good job: โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ โโโโโโ โโ๊ง๊ง In agronomy, the effects of elevated CO2 on plant water use efficiency and drought resilience are extensively studied. One of the key mechanisms through which elevated CO2 levels improve water use efficiency is by reducing stomatal conductance and, consequently, water loss through transpiration. Stomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that regulate gas exchange, including the uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis and the release of water vapor through transpiration. When CO2 levels are elevated, plants can maintain the same or higher rate of photosynthesis while reducing stomatal conductance. This reduction in stomatal conductance leads to a decrease in water loss through transpiration without significantly affecting CO2 uptake, resulting in improved water use efficiency. Several studies have quantified the effect of elevated CO2 on stomatal conductance and transpiration. For example, a meta-analysis published in 2013 (Kimball et al., 2013) found that under elevated CO2 levels, stomatal conductance decreased by an average of 22%, while transpiration decreased by only 17%. This indicates that plants under elevated CO2 levels were able to reduce water loss more efficiently than they reduced CO2 uptake, leading to an overall improvement in water use efficiency. Improvements in water use efficiency due to elevated CO2 levels can increase plants' drought resilience by allowing them to maintain adequate hydration during periods of water scarcity. This can be particularly beneficial in arid and semi-arid regions where water availability is limited. Overall, the literature suggests that elevated CO2 levels can improve water use efficiency in plants by reducing stomatal conductance and water loss through transpiration, which can enhance their resilience to drought conditions.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7. Contrary to climate industry propaganda and misinformation from the leftists at PBS, the scientific evidence is compelling that CO2 emissions and rising CO2 levels are beneficial. Here are some relevant papers: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/7. The beneficial effects of elevated CO2 are helping make famines rare for first time in human history. If you're too young to understand how important that is, count yourself blessed! Famine used to be a scourge comparable to war & disease. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine https://ourworldindata.org/famines
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7. Droughts kill by hunger, not thirst. They kill by causing crop failures. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughts Or, rather, they used to. The most important thing to know about drought is this: rising CO2 levels mitigate the damage. That's one of the main reasons catastrophic famines are fading from living memory. Drought incidence has declined only slightly as CO2 levels have risen, but the damage caused by droughts has decreased much more dramatically.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7. Ending famine is a Very Big Deal, comparable to ending war or disease. For comparison: โ Covid-19 killed about 0.1% of world population. โ The 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2% of world population. โ WWII killed about 2.7% of world population. โ The near-global drought & famine of 1876-78 killed an estimated 3.7% of world population.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7. The scientific evidence is compelling that manmade climate change is modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial. The major harms are all hypothetical, and mostly implausible. The major benefits are proven, measured, and very large: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1291143344400347137.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/7. To understand a contentious, politicized issue like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. You won't get it from the leftists at @PBS, but I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html That page has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@PBS Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1803184124884349245 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/9. @NASAClimate is not one of the divisions & departments of NASA that do science. It's the "JPL Earth Science Communications Team" in Pasadena, which is comprised of "communicators," not scientists. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html NASAClimate is a frequent source of misinformation and outright political propaganda.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 2/9. Many other parts of NASA still employ real scientists, who do excellent work. Here's a NASA video about some of that work. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI CO2 emissions are very beneficial for natural ecosystems, and NASA satellites measure the resulting "greening" of the Earth.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 3/9. Do you worry about the Antarctic Ice Sheet melting? This excellent NASA study should put your fears to rest. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/mass-balance-of-the-antarctic-ice-sheet-19922016-reconciling-results-from-grace-gravimetry-with-icesat-ers12-and-envisat-altimetry/0A29BAA84961428700886DCCE201912F Note: Antarctic temperatures average below โ40ยฐ, so a few degrees of warming obviously cannot melt it.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/9. Here are two photos of the Moana Surfrider Hotel on Waikiki Beach, in Honolulu, one taken in 1925 and the other recently. They illustrate how negligible the sea-level trend is. https://sealevel.info/moana_hotel_1925_vs_now.png (Caveat: the widening of Waikiki Beach in front of the Moana Surfrider Hotel is due to a sand renourishment project. Ignore that, please. It's the negligible change in the elevation of the hotel above sea-level that I want you to notice.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 5/9. The best scientific evidence shows that manmade climate change is modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial, rather than harmful. Here are some relevant scientific papers: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/9. The study which NASAClimate is hyping is based on satellite altimetry, not coastal measurements. https://sealevel.info/satellite_altimetry.html Coastal (tide gauge) measurements provide much higher quality data. Measurement of sea-level by satellite altimetry has many problems, which do not affect coastal measurements. One problem is that the satellites only measure sea-level far out to sea. They cannot measure sea-level near the coasts, where it matters. Also, satellite altimetry measurement records are generally only about a decade long. In contrast, many coastal measurement records are over a century long. Also, satellite altimetry measurements have proven to be disturbingly malleable. The very same data can show acceleration, deceleration, or linearity, depending on how it is processed! Here's an example from a 2014 paper, which turned apparent deceleration into linearity, by changing ("correcting") the measurements. https://sealevel.info/nclimate2159-f1_large_trimmed1.png A subsequent paper then turned the linear trend into an acceleration, by a combination of additional corrections and a little bit of additional data: https://sealevel.info/2017GL073308_fig4_scaled2match2.png The 2012 Envisat revisions were especially striking: https://sealevel.info/envisat_msl_correction_from_esa02.png A widely-hyped 2018 paper by U. Colorado's Dr. Steve Nerem et al claimed to have discovered โaccelerationโ in the satellite altimetry measurement record of sea-level. They did it by reducing the rate of measured sea-level rise in 20 year-old Topex-Poseidon data, thereby making more recent measurements appear to have accelerated, by comparison. H/t Steve Case for this graph: https://sealevel.info/CU-2016-2018-With-Trend_with_caption.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/9. In contrast to the satellite measurements, most tide gauge (coastal) measurements continue to show little or no acceleration in sea-level trend in the last nine decades or more. https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Harlingen&boxcar=1&boxwidth=3 https://sealevel.info/Dutch_dike_vs_Harlingen_sea-level_trend_1880x940_v06.png Honolulu is a nearly ideal sea-level measurement site: https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Honolulu https://sealevel.info/1612340_Honolulu_thru_2023-04_vs_CO2_annot1_1186x700.png One exception to the general linearity of coastal sea-level trends is the southern half of the Atlantic coast of the United States, where the Gulf Stream skirts the coast. Thanks to a (presumably transient) acceleration of the Gulf Stream, sea-level rise there has accelerated strikingly over the last decade: https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=Charleston&boxcar=1&boxwidth=3&c_date=1930/1-2024/12&co2=0 https://sealevel.info/SL_Charleston_234_1930-1_to_2022-1_annot1.png This is the presumed cause: https://sealevel.info/Jackson2022_FIg2bc_annot.png Here you can see how close to the coast the Gulf Stream is, in the SE United States: https://sealevel.info/Gulf_Stream_wikipedia_200pct_with_NYC_Wilmington_Key_West_labeled.png Here's nice video animation of a full year of AMOC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RD3I69k71Y
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate 8/9. CO2 emissions are highly beneficial, especially for agriculture and for natural ecosystems. The benefits of rising CO2 levels are large and well-measured. The supposed major harms are all merely speculative, and mostly implausible.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/9. To understand a contentious & politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced information. You won't get it from @NASAClimate, but I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@NASAClimate Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1799981591957012701 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/9โฏ The Grauniad's Ian Sample called Nobel Laurate Svante Arrhenius "The father of climate change." Arrhenius said CO2 emissions and rising CO2 levels would be highly beneficial. The evidence confirms that. But Joe thinks anyone who says it is a "science denying idiot." https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrheniusโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/9โฏ Somebody is VERY confused. (And it wasn't Arrhenius!)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/9โฏ CO2 emissions are greening the Earth, 3 ways: 1. By helping trees grow through CO2 fertilization. 2. By making plants more water efficient & drought resilient. 3. By improving crop yields, thus reducing the amount of land needed for agriculture. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/9โฏ The benefits of rising CO2 levels for agriculture are spectacular. CO2 is not the only reason for improving crop yields, but it is one of the major reasons: https://sealevel.info/ourworldindata_cereal_yield_4regions_1961_and_2022_annot1.png https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/9โฏ The best scientific evidence shows that CO2 emissions are beneficial, and manmade climate change is modest and benign. Here are some relevant studies: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/9โฏ The benefits of rising CO2 levels for natural ecosystems are measurable from orbit. https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7 of 9โฏ This is NASA's video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/9โฏ To understand a contentious & politicized topic like #ClimateChange you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies That resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTHโ skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTHโ sides โ accurate information about impacts of CO2 & climate change, such as the effects on crop yields โ links to the best blogs on BOTHโ sides of the climate debate
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/9โฏ The CO2 Coalition's site also has excellent resources to help you learn about this issue: https://co2coalition.org/ Many of the Coalition's members are highly distinguished. Their newest Board Member is Dr. John Clauser, 2022 Nobel Laureate (Physics). The CO2 Coalition is an organization of volunteer scientists, dedicated to combating disinformation about CO2 & climate change, and pushing back against the corruption of science for political & pecuniary reasons.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1791863199844708584 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/4. Here's a good example of Climate Movement insanity. "We are not doing anything about this crisis! The water is coming for us!" he says. Here's the reality: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/4. https://sealevel.info/MSL_graph.php?id=150-021&boxcar=1&boxwidth=5
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/4. The best science shows manmade climate change is modest & benign, and CO2 emissions are beneficial, not harmful. The major harms from CO2 are all hypothetical, and mostly implausible. The major benefits are proven, measured, and very large.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/4. To understand a commercialized & politicized topic like climate change, you need balanced, accurate information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=dummies This resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1768723006824521793 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/11ใ Don't believe the Climate Industry propaganda. Here are some academic papers and articles about what fossil fuels, carbon emissions, and #climatechange are ACTUALLY doing to the Earth: https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/11ใ Here's a NASA video about it. It's based on measurements, unlike most of the Climate Industry's "climate impact" claims, which are based on dubious modeling and baseless speculation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/11ใ The CO2 Coalition's website also has many excellent resources to help you learn about this issue: https://co2coalition.org/ The CO2 Coalition is an organization of volunteer scientists, dedicated to combating disinformation about CO2 & climate change, and pushing back against the corruption of science for political & pecuniary reasons. Many of the CO2 Coalition's members are extremely distinguished. Their newest Board Member is Dr. John Clauser, 2022 Nobel Laureate (Physics).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/11ใ Carbon emissions and #ClimateChange are having a major impact on global food security. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#benefits But it's not what you probably think.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/11ใ What the Climate Industry doesn't want you to know is that the "major impact" of carbon emissions is POSITIVE, just as the Nobel Laurate Svante Arrhenius predicted, over a century ago: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=arrhenius#arrhenius
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/11ใ Do you know what "FUD" is? It stands for "Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt." The "climate crisis" is FUD. The fact that many people worry about it just proves that FUD works. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjVW6roRs-w
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/11ใ FUD is an old and proven disreputable strategy. https://sealevel.info/glossary.html#fud It worked for LBJ in 1964, and it works for the Climate Industry in 2024. https://sealevel.info/LBJ_Atomic_FUD.gif
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/11ใ The truth is the "climate crisis" is just a marketing ploy. The best scientific evidence and thousands of robust studies show that manmade #ClimateChange is modest & benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial. Here are a few relevant papers: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/11ใ Whenever you find "climate crisis" or "climate emergency" messaging, if you dig, you'll find industry money behind it. It's how they sell the product. Climate scammers say manmade climate change is a "crisis" or "emergency" for the same reason computer scammers say your computer is infected with viruses: to frighten you into opening your wallet. It's all about the Benjamins, baby.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/11ใ The Climate Industry's marketing campaign is made easier by the fact that many people WANT to be fooled. Sadly, many people have a psychological need to worry.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
11/11ใ If you're not one of those people who want to be fooled, I can help. To understand a commercialized & politicized topic like climate change, you need balanced, accurate information: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html This resource list has: โ accurate introductory climatology information โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ information about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1767735658322223382 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 8/18. The supposed major harms from CO2 emissions are all merely hypothetical, and mostly implausible. None of them are actually happening. For instance, the coral of the Great Barrier Reef are doing fine: https://archive.ph/IcRIY https://archive.ph/IcRIY
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 9/18. "Extreme weather" is not getting worse. Hurricanes, tornadoes, nor'easters, and droughts are not worsening. In fact, tornadoes & droughts have become much less destructive. Here're the facts on hurricanes, from an expert: https://rogerpielkejr.substack.com/p/2023-update-what-the-media-wont-tell
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 10/18. Droughts have showed only a slight decreasing trend, but they're MUCH less destructive now, because elevated CO2 levels make plants more water-efficient and drought-resilient.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 11/18. Strong tornadoes have decreased markedly (though nobody is sure why). https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 12/18. The tide gauge at Harlingen has a continuous sea-level measurement record all the way back to 1865. Contrary to climate industry FUD, the sea-level trend has not been significantly affected by climate change. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=sealevel#sealevel
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 13/18. All of the important effects of CO2 emissions and manmade climate change are positive! Elevated CO2 (eCO2) is beneficial for almost all ecosystems. In fact, eCO2 even helps pine forests withstand bark beetles. https://academic.oup.com/treephys/article/32/6/752/1663608
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 14/18. Elevated CO2 helps warm the Earth, but there's no convincing evidence that's harmful. In fact, scientists call the warmest climate periods "climate optimums." That's because, by all objective measures, warm is better than cold. https://unherd.com/thepost/bjorn-lomborg-how-global-warming-will-save-lives/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 15/18. Natural ecosystems benefit from CO2 emissions, too. In fact, CO2 emissions are greening the Earth. https://www.nasa.gov/technology/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-greening-earth-study-finds/ https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html This is NASA's video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@zteirstein 16/18. The fact that elevated CO2 is extremely beneficial for agriculture has been known to science for >100 years. https://tinyurl.com/1920sciamCO2
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
17/18. Rising CO2 levels improve crop yields in two major ways: through "CO2 fertilization," and by improving drought resilience and water use efficiency (WUE). That's long-settled science, among agronomists. Most plants utilize C3 photosynthesis, and agronomy studies show that for C3 crops the CO2 fertilization benefit is highly linear as CO2 levels rise, until above about 1000 ppmv (which is far higher than we could ever hope to drive outdoor CO2 levels by burning fossil fuels). That linearity is obvious in the green (C3) trace, in this graph: https://sealevel.info/C3_and_C4_Pflanze_vs_CO2_Konzentration_1750_1984_2018_2019.png Here's a study about wheat (a C3 crop): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929390 Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. doi:10.1111/gcb.13263. Plants (and animals) are carbon-based lifeforms. Plants get the carbon they need from CO2 in the air; CO2 is, literally, plant food. The higher the CO2 level, the less air plants must process through their stomata, and the less water they lose in the process (transpiration). Elevated CO2 improves plants' WUE and drought resilience by improving CO2 stomatal conductance relative to transpiration. So eCO2 is especially beneficial in arid regions, and especially beneficial for crops which are under drought stress. Corn (maize) has been very heavily studied. Even though it is a C4 grass (and C4 plants are better at enduring low CO2 levels), corn benefits greatly from elevated CO2, especially under drought stress. Here's a paper: sciencedirect.com/science/articlโฆ Chun et al. (2011). Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and water stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency in corn. Agric For Meteorol 151(3), pp 378-384, ISSN 0168-1923. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.015. EXCERPT: "There have been many studies on the interaction of CO2 and water on plant growth. Under elevated CO2, less water is used to produce each unit of dry matter by reducing stomatal conductance." That improvement is one of several major reasons that catastrophic drought-triggered famines are fading from living memory, for the first time in history. If you're too young to remember huge, devastating, drought-triggered famines, count yourself blessed. Through all of human history, until very recently, famine was one of the great scourges of mankind, the Third Horseman of the Apocalypse. But no more. That is a miracle! Here's the data: https://ourworldindata.org/famines https://sealevel.info/Famine-death-rate-since-1860s-revised-annot1.png Ending famine is a VERYโ Big Deal, comparable to ending war and disease. Compare: โ Covid-19 killed 0.1% of world population. โ 1918 flu pandemic killed about 2%. โ WWII killed 2.7%. โ The near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world population. https://sealevel.info/C3_and_C4_Pflanze_vs_CO2_Konzentration_1750_1984_2018_2019.png https://sealevel.info/Famine-death-rate-since-1860s-revised-annot1.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
18/18. If you want to understand a commercialized and politicized topic like #ClimateChange, you need balanced, accurate information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html This resource list has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/10. Where on earth do you "learn" such nonsense, Willard? Growing ranges for most major crops cover climate zones with average temperatures that vary by tens of ยฐC. Major crops like corn, wheat, potatoes & soybeans are produced from Mexico to Canada. Compared to that, a degree or two of warming (disproportionately at night, in winter, at chilly high latitudes) is de minimis -- as is the 0.35ยฑ0.13ยฐC between now and what the IPCC calls "1.5ยฐC of warming").
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/10. Willard wrote, "fertilization is the male gamete to female gamete to produce seed/fruit... not the N-P-K addition" Wrong. In agriculture, that's called pollination.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/10. Willard wrote, "(yes, it is often temperature sensitive)" Wrong. Farmers choose planting dates to optimize growing conditions, including temperatures, for their crops.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 4/10. If you think cold weather is better for crops than hot weather, then why do you think farmers plant in the spring instead of the fall?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/10. Willard wrote, "Don't forget the negatives" There are no "negatives" of any consequence from higher CO2 levels. Higher CO2 levels are highly beneficial for agriculture.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/10. Willard wrote, "High temps impact soil moisture levels, evapotranspiration" If you're worried about soil moisture levels and evapotranspiration, then why do you ignore the fact that higher CO2 levels improve crops' water use efficiency and drought resistance?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/10. Here's a paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00114-5 Cheng L et al (2017). Recent increases in terrestrial carbon uptake at little cost to the water cycle. Nat Commun 8, 110 (2017). doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5 It reports thatโฆ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/10. "Land plants are absorbing 17% more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere now than 30 years agoโฆ [yet] the vegetation is hardly using any extra waterโฆ suggesting that global change is causing the world's plants to grow in a more water-efficient way." https://theconversation.com/rising-carbon-dioxide-is-making-the-worlds-plants-more-water-wise-79427
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8.1/10. Aside: for agricultural plants, carbon absorption is roughly proportional to crop yield, so a +17% increase in carbon uptake from a mere 55 ppmv (16%) rise in CO2 level strongly suggests that crop yield improvements from elevated CO2 are much greater than the +20% conservative estimate which I previously mentioned.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/10. Here's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13263 Fitzgerald et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 10/10. If you ever decide that you want to learn about these things, I have some good resources cataloged here: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=benefits
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
You're in denial of thousands of rigorous agronomy studies, over more than a century, which have measured the very large benefits of rising CO2 levels for agriculture. Of course, despite the benefits of elevated CO2, it's still possible to destroy agricultural productivity with bad governance. https://twitter-thread.com/t/1719372491536085167 Mao demonstrated that 60+ years ago, in pursuit of socialist utopia. Gotabaya Rajapaksa proved it again in Sri Lanka in 2021. Sri Lanka's humanitarian and economic disaster is the poison fruit of climate alarmism. Leftist politicians and climate activists are doing their best to lower crop yields, and return us to the days of mass famines. Most young people don't know much history, so they don't know what that's like. They're in for a very rude awakening, if the climate activists get their way. Compare: โ Covid-19 has killed about 0.1% of world population, so far โ The 1918 flu killed โ2% โ WWII killed โ2.7% โ But the global drought & famine of 1876-78 killed an estimated 3.7% of world population Dutch farmers are some of the most productive in the world, but their leftist, climate-conscious government is doing their best to end that: https://reuters.com/business/environment/dutch-farmers-protest-plan-curb-nitrogen-pollution-2022-06-22/ So is Baby Trudeau's leftist, climate-conscious government in Canada: https://agweb.com/news/policy/politics/new-policy-forces-canadian-producers-cut-back-fertilizer The Left and the Climate Industry are at war against agriculture, and against against humanity https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine In fact, the Climate Industry is ultimately at war against science itself. The IPCC's 2022 AR6 Report explicitly promotes homeopathic climatology (TCRE/RCB), which is just as unscientific as it sounds. Eli Rabett @EthonRaptor won't answer the question; so how about you, Willard? Do you agree with AR6 that CO2 which was FORMERLY in the air STILL has a warming effect? Or do you reject the IPCC's unscientific homeopathic climatology? Climate activists are like modern Lysenkoists, pretending to be scientific, while shredding real science. Or are you going to pretend there's anything scientific about GISS "climate scientist" @DrKateMarvel Kate Marvel's "intersectional science"? https://sealevel.info/intersectional_blah_blah_blah.html
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 Again, are the slopes of increasing yields similar or dissimilar, Dave? CO2 fertilization would โlift all boatsโ leading to similar slopes Differences in implementing the Green Revolution would mean dissimilar slopes What does the data say??
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7. The only trace on that graph which does not show large improvement in cereal yield per hectare is the trace for Niger. The graph ended with an anomalously bad crop year for cereals in Niger (2021). Fortunately, 2022 was much better; here's an article https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/06/19/niger-strong-agricultural-season-boosts-economic-rebound-in-2022
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7. By displaying high productivity countries like the USA along with Niger, you forced OurWorldInData to scale the graphs so that it's hard to see the trend in Niger. But if you display Niger alone, as I've done here, you'll see that cereal yields declined there until about thirty years ago, but they've improved since then (except for 2021).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 3/7. The other major staple crop in Niger is cassava. Its yields have improved considerably. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cassava_yield_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7. That's probably because cassava benefits tremendously from additional CO2, especially in the dry conditions which are prevalent in most of Niger. Here's a paper about it: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523 Cruz et al 2018. Elevated CO2 reduces whole transpiration and substantially improves root production of cassava grown under water deficit. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 64: 1623-1634. doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7. Most of Niger is desert or near-desert, which means most of its land is poorly suited for growing crops. Over the 60 year period shown, Niger's population increased by about 640%. As a result, the amount of land under cultivation drastically increased, resulting in more marginal land being put to the plow. That, of course, can be expected to lower the average cereal yield per hectare. Nevertheless, other than a bad year in 2021, yields there have been improving since the mid 1990s. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cereal_production_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7. That's probably because of the well-known fact that, in addition to improving production by CO2 fertilization, rising CO2 levels improve crops' water use efficiency and drought resilience. Here's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13263 Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. doi:10.1111/gcb.13263.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 7/7. The science has been settled for over a century: elevated CO2 is tremendously beneficial for agriculture. The climate activists who refuse to acknowledge that established fact are science deniers. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=preciousairfertilizer#agriculture
@reSeeIt - reSee.it
@ncdave4life @Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @threadreaderapp @rattibha Itโs stored forever โพ๏ธ with reSeeIt thanks to IPFS ๐ช and blockchain. @ncdave4life, check out the permanently stored blockchain record, find related posts, and read the AI summary by clicking here ๐ https://resee.it/tweet/1720229686817485063
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @Willard1951 @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 10/10. The reality is that most farmers are not idiots, and the higher CO2 levels go the more productive our farms will be. That's not speculation, that's the measured conclusion of thousands of rigorous agronomy studies. https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 The increase in food yields is farmers, industry & governments implementing and investing in the Green Revolution, Dave That will vary around the globe The increase in CO2 and CO2 fertilization should be everywhere Another figure
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
You're in denial of thousands of rigorous agronomy studies, over more than a century, which have measured the very large benefits of rising CO2 levels for agriculture. Of course, despite the benefits of elevated CO2, it's still possible to destroy agricultural productivity with bad governance. https://twitter-thread.com/t/1719372491536085167 Mao demonstrated that 60+ years ago, in pursuit of socialist utopia. Gotabaya Rajapaksa proved it again in Sri Lanka in 2021. Sri Lanka's humanitarian and economic disaster is the poison fruit of climate alarmism. Leftist politicians and climate activists are doing their best to lower crop yields, and return us to the days of mass famines. Most young people don't know much history, so they don't know what that's like. They're in for a very rude awakening, if the climate activists get their way. Compare: โ Covid-19 has killed about 0.1% of world population, so far โ The 1918 flu killed โ2% โ WWII killed โ2.7% โ But the global drought & famine of 1876-78 killed an estimated 3.7% of world population Dutch farmers are some of the most productive in the world, but their leftist, climate-conscious government is doing their best to end that: https://reuters.com/business/environment/dutch-farmers-protest-plan-curb-nitrogen-pollution-2022-06-22/ So is Baby Trudeau's leftist, climate-conscious government in Canada: https://agweb.com/news/policy/politics/new-policy-forces-canadian-producers-cut-back-fertilizer The Left and the Climate Industry are at war against agriculture, and against against humanity https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=famine#famine In fact, the Climate Industry is ultimately at war against science itself. The IPCC's 2022 AR6 Report explicitly promotes homeopathic climatology (TCRE/RCB), which is just as unscientific as it sounds. Eli Rabett @EthonRaptor won't answer the question; so how about you, Willard? Do you agree with AR6 that CO2 which was FORMERLY in the air STILL has a warming effect? Or do you reject the IPCC's unscientific homeopathic climatology? Climate activists are like modern Lysenkoists, pretending to be scientific, while shredding real science. Or are you going to pretend there's anything scientific about GISS "climate scientist" @DrKateMarvel Kate Marvel's "intersectional science"? https://sealevel.info/intersectional_blah_blah_blah.html
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 Again, are the slopes of increasing yields similar or dissimilar, Dave? CO2 fertilization would โlift all boatsโ leading to similar slopes Differences in implementing the Green Revolution would mean dissimilar slopes What does the data say??
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/7. The only trace on that graph which does not show large improvement in cereal yield per hectare is the trace for Niger. The graph ended with an anomalously bad crop year for cereals in Niger (2021). Fortunately, 2022 was much better; here's an article https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/06/19/niger-strong-agricultural-season-boosts-economic-rebound-in-2022
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/7. By displaying high productivity countries like the USA along with Niger, you forced OurWorldInData to scale the graphs so that it's hard to see the trend in Niger. But if you display Niger alone, as I've done here, you'll see that cereal yields declined there until about thirty years ago, but they've improved since then (except for 2021).
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 3/7. The other major staple crop in Niger is cassava. Its yields have improved considerably. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cassava_yield_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/7. That's probably because cassava benefits tremendously from additional CO2, especially in the dry conditions which are prevalent in most of Niger. Here's a paper about it: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523 Cruz et al 2018. Elevated CO2 reduces whole transpiration and substantially improves root production of cassava grown under water deficit. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 64: 1623-1634. doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1446523
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/7. Most of Niger is desert or near-desert, which means most of its land is poorly suited for growing crops. Over the 60 year period shown, Niger's population increased by about 640%. As a result, the amount of land under cultivation drastically increased, resulting in more marginal land being put to the plow. That, of course, can be expected to lower the average cereal yield per hectare. Nevertheless, other than a bad year in 2021, yields there have been improving since the mid 1990s. https://sealevel.info/Niger_Cereal_production_1961-2021_OourWorldInData.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/7. That's probably because of the well-known fact that, in addition to improving production by CO2 fertilization, rising CO2 levels improve crops' water use efficiency and drought resilience. Here's a paper about wheat: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13263 Fitzgerald GJ, et al. (2016) Elevated atmospheric [CO2] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves. Glob Chang Biol. 22(6):2269-84. doi:10.1111/gcb.13263.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@Willard1951 @JimBlack48 @BlasphemousBan1 @S_Metzeler @Anvndarnamn5 @GAJAJW @RClausius42 @Data79504085 @BenKoby1911 @priscian @EthonRaptor @Michael_D_Crow @Mark_A_Lunn @NomadicQuantum @AristotleMrs @ScienceBlog3 @AuroriaEn @AndreGrossza @DenisDaly @Veritatem2021 @JusticeTrudeau @judgementalbe1 @ChrisBBacon3 @Coleski14 @wallytoms0 @Climatehope2 @LesserMegadeath @WernerReinhard5 @S_D_Mannix @ammocrypta @Jaisans @CarrudoDon @LiveLifeBK24 @TheDisproof @Joeyd87745119 @Devonian1342 @Hji45519156 @waxliberty @SuperFoxyLoxy @JaapTitulaer @wjack76995 @Rocky35418823 @NobaconEgbert @balls95652097 @JustThi30117912 @BointonGiles @SeekerTheGreat1 @ubique60 @DaleGribble_666 7/7. The science has been settled for over a century: elevated CO2 is tremendously beneficial for agriculture. The climate activists who refuse to acknowledge that established fact are science deniers. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=preciousairfertilizer#agriculture
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin @COP28_UAE So after a number of tweets Dave has arrived at my original estimate back on Oct 24th and basically agreed with me Why so much effort spent on something so simple?
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
I'm glad you finally understand that, according to NOAA's AGGI chart, over the last 1/3 century CH4 has accounted for just 8.6% of the radiative forcing increase from anthropogenic GHGs. I'm a bit worried about your failing memory, though. They say the mind is the second thing to go. https://sealevel.info/aggi_percentage_forcing_attribution_per_GHG_2022_annot1.png
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin @COP28_UAE I noted 6 days ago that the annual radiative forcing of methane was ~18% based on a quick look at the NOAA AGGI chart, Dave After showing you the AMS SoC tables, you now agree Yet, you still flounder and try to cover up your mistakes Why Dave?
@Daniel_Marbella - Daniel
@Willard1951 @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin James, if you read carefully, he claims about last 1/3 century, not since pre industrial times. After 1992 CH4 slope curves, adding just around 0,2 W/m^2 of radiative forcing in 30 years (0,0066 W/m^2/year). In fact, the effect of CH4 is truly magnified.
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@Daniel_Marbella @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin Dave is floundering, Dan Methane constitutes a significant human GHG emission and thus a significant contributor to the current warming of Earth's climate system
@Daniel_Marbella - Daniel
@Willard1951 @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin According to modern evidence, CH4 only contributed about 0,6 W/m^2 since it was half nowaday concentration. And barely 0,7W/m^2 when doubled. The big factor as GHG is CO2.
@Willard1951 - James William Owens
@Daniel_Marbella @ncdave4life @ProfMarkMaslin As we noted in the thread on current contributions to radiative forcing CO2 ~65% CH4 ~18% And remember, CH4 has resumed its rise
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/4. We've been over this, Willard. According to NOAA's AGGI chart, over the last 1/3 century CH4 has accounted for just 8.6% of the radiative forcing increase from anthropogenic GHGs. Not 18% or 25%. That's about 1/10แตสฐ of the contribution which we get from the ongoing rise in CO2. If that tiny contribution to modest and benign warming worries you, perhaps counseling would help.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/4. Here's the CH4 graph: https://sealevel.info/CH4.html https://sealevel.info/CH4_2012-2022_10.55_ppbv_per_yr.png Despite the modest uptick in CH4 level over the last 15 years, the rate of rise in CH4's radiative forcing is still much slower than it was 50-60 years ago. In the 1960s and 1970s the CH4 level rose relatively fast, and consequently CH4 was a larger contributor to radiative forcing increase.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/4. The relatively sharp rise in CH4 level in the 1960s & 1970s was insufficient to reverse the worrisome 1950s-70s cooling trend. Here's a clip from CBS TV, in which Walter Cronkite, The Most Trusted Man in Americaโข, reporting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4JX1S9YZBo Hubert Lamb (source for that CBS story) was the founding director of the UEA Climate Research Unit. Here's a 1974 CIA report, based on the best current science, about the worrisome cooling trend: climatemonitor.it/wp-content/uplโฆ Here's an excerpt, from the Summary: "The western world's leading climatologists have confirmed recent reports of a detrimental global climatic changeโฆ during 50 of the last 60 years the Earth has, on the average, enjoyed the best agricultural climate since the eleventh centuryโฆ The world is returning to the type of climate which has existed over the last 400 years. That is, the abnormal climate of agricultural-optimum is being replaced by a normal climate of the neo-boreal era. The climate change began in 1960โฆ" The grim climate to which we were thought to be returning was the Little Ice Age. "Boreal" means cold: boreal. adj. Relating to or characteristic of the climatic zone south of the Arctic, especially the cold temperate region dominated by taiga and forests of birch, poplar, and conifersโฆ โโโโโโ โโ The global cooling scare was one of the main reasons for the shiny new anti-air-pollution laws governing power plants, in the 1970s. The other main reason was "acid rain." (Note: Unlike "acidified" oceans, which are actually alkaline, acid rain really is acidic.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/4. But, Willard, you said "current warming." The CH4 rise 50-60 years ago is irrelevant to that. 1. The main anthropogenic factors affecting it are CO2 & air pollution abatement. 2. The main natural factors are probably Hunga Tonga (1/2022) & El Niรฑo. https://t.co/LDKUWm76lJ
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/25. The leading organization promoting the Climate Industry's "climate emergency" PR campaign is the IPCC. It has severe credibility issues. Investigative journalist Donna Laframboise explains some of them in this lecture about the IPCC's 2007 AR4 Report: https://youtube.com/watch?v=InIQkyKYfv4โฆ (It's 31 minutes but she speaks very clearly, so she's perfectly understandable at 2x speed.) https://sealevel.info/glossary.html#ar4โฆ (Caveat: I've been an IPCC Expert Reviewer on a couple of their assessment reports.)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/25. It's only gotten worse since then. The IPCC's 2022 AR6 Report explicitly promotes what I call "homeopathic climatology" (TCRE/RCB), which represents an overt rejection of science.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/25. The TCRE ("Transient Climate Response to cumulative CO2 Emissions") and RCB ("Remaining Carbon Budget") concepts are homeopathy applied to climatology: the belief that the mere memory of a substance is all that's necessary for it to have its effect.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/25. It's as if they think The Ghost of CO2 Past haunts the atmosphere, continuing to warm the Earth long after the CO2 has been removed from the air and sequestered in other carbon reservoirs. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/the-ghost-of-christmas-past-dave-rheaume.html (Art by Dave Rheaume @DaveRheaume)
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/25. Of course, only GHGs still in the air actually have a warming effect. So a scientist who valued real science more than the IPCC's political agenda would denounce that TCRE & RCB pseudoscience. But I know of no climate alarmists who've done so. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=debates#debates https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=debates#debates
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/25. The evidence is compelling that CO2 emissions are beneficial, not harmful. Here are some relevant papers about it: https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume 7/25. You can learn much more about CO2 and it's effects, from a very fine scientific organization called The CO2 Coalition @CO2Coalition. I'm honored to be a Member. This is their website: https://co2coalition.org/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 8/25. The supposed major harms from CO2 emissions are all merely hypothetical, and mostly implausible. None of them are actually happening. For instance, the coral of the Great Barrier Reef are doing fine: https://www.thegwpf.com/peter-ridd-record-coral-cover-of-great-barrier-reef-refutes-climate-alarmists/ https://www.thegwpf.com/peter-ridd-record-coral-cover-of-great-barrier-reef-refutes-climate-alarmists/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 9/25. "Extreme weather" is not getting worse. Hurricanes, tornadoes, nor'easters &droughts, are not worsening. In fact, tornadoes & droughts have become much less destructive. Here're the facts on hurricanes, from an expert: https://rogerpielkejr.substack.com/p/2023-update-what-the-media-wont-tell
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 10/25. Droughts have showed a slight decreasing trend, but they're substantially less destructive now, because elevated CO2 levels make plants more water-efficient and drought-resilient.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 11/25. Strong tornadoes have decreased markedly (though nobody is sure why). https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
12/25 ๐ ๐ Do you see what I see? โช โฌ โฉ A line, a line, running through the years A linear rise of the sea โช ๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด ๐ข ๐ด The tide gauge at Harlingen has a continuous sea-level measurement record all the way back to 1865. If it looks worrisome to you, counseling might help.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
13/25. I also have many resources about CO2 and climate change here: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=benefits#benefits This resource list has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 14/25. Since the Little Ice Age, the Earth is generally estimated to have warmed by a grand total of 1.0 to 1.3ยฐC, on average. (Nobody really knows.) NCA4 and the WMO estimate 1.02 to 1.27 ยฐC. https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/eight-warmest-years-record-witness-upsurge-climate-change-impacts#:~:text=The%2010%2Dyear%20average%20for%20the%20period%202013%2D2022%20is%20estimated%20to%20be%201.14%20%5B1.02%20to%201.27%5D%C2%A0%C2%B0C%20above%20the%201850%2D1900%20pre%2Dindustrial%20baseline
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 15/25. That's a little less than the hysteresis (a/k/a "dead band" or "dead zone") in a typical home thermostat, which is the amount that your indoorโ temperatures go up and down, all day long, without you even noticing it. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=temperature#temperature https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=temperature#temperature
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 16/25. 1ยฐC is the temperature change you get from an elevation change of about 500 feet (calculated from an average tropospheric lapse rate of 6.5ยฐC/km). https://sealevel.info/VerticalStructureOfAtmosphere_Updated2Nov2021_Waikato_NZ_1528x800_67pct_lapse_rate_emphasized.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 17/25. At mid-latitudes, 1ยฐC is about the temperature change you get from a latitude change of around 60 miles. https://sealevel.info/2015_zones_highres.png
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 18/25. In the American Midwest, farmers can fully compensate for a 1ยฐC temperature change by adjusting planting dates by about six days.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 19/25. Do you recognize how crazy it is for the climate industry to pretend that such a tiny temperature change is an "emergency?"
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
20/25. Actually, that's not what they pretend. They pretend less than half of that is a dire threat! What they call "1.5ยฐC warming" is actually just 0.35ยฐC warmer than present. That's because their baseline is an estimate of late Little Ice Age "pre-industrial" average temperature.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 21/25. They obviously do that to reduce the sniggering which would result if they called a prospective temperature change of 0.35ยฐC an "emergency."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 22/25. There's a broad consensus among historians and scientists that the Little Ice Age climate was worseโ than our current, warmer climate. Nevertheless, that neo-boreal (cold) climate is what the "net zero" campaigners are trying to return us to. https://sealevel.info/CIA1974ClimateReport2/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 23/25. Many climate activists seem to be meeting some sort of irrational emotional need to find something to be alarmed about.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition 24/25. But it's clear that most of the people who write the checks for the "climate emergency" propaganda campaign don't really care about the global temperature. They're just selling products. Example: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/19/russia-secretly-working-with-environmentalists-to-oppose-fracking https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/19/russia-secretly-working-with-environmentalists-to-oppose-fracking
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
25/25. That's why they aren't worried about China's & India's massive coal power plant buildout. It's all about the Benjamins, baby.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@DaveRheaume @CO2Coalition Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1718335013471588510 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
The reason climate activists aren't worried about China's CO2 emissions is that they aren't really worried much about emissions. They're mainly worried about keeping Piggy fed. They don't call it a crisis "for nothing." $1.5 trillion/year ain't "nothing." It's all about the Benjamins. They call it a crisis to amp up support for feeding Piggy. The parasitic climate industry needs a LOT of propaganda to prop it up.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
1/17ใClimate change is not making hurricanes more destructive. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=hurricanes#hurricanes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
2/17ใNor is it making tornadoes more destructive. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=tornadoes#tornadoes
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
3/17ใNor is it making wildfires worse. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=fires#fires
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
4/17ใNor is it making droughts worse. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=droughts#droughts
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
5/17ใNor is it significantly affecting sea-level trends. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
6/17ใTemperatures are slightly milder than they were a century ago, but they are nowhere near unprecedented. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=temperatures#temperatures
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
7/17ใRecent warming is very slow & slight compared to past natural warming events, such as Dansgaard-Oeschger terminations. Ice cores record dozens of them in the last 100K years. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=d-o#d-o D-O terminations warmed at rates of up to several degrees/decade (>10ร recent rates of warming), in the NH. Fortunately, even those large, abrupt temperature changes apparently didn't cause mass extinctions.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
8/17ใThe main consequences of CO2 emissions and climate change have been very positive, like a greening Earth: https://www.nasa.gov/technology/carbon-dioxide-fertilization-greening-earth-study-finds/ https://sealevel.info/greening_earth_spatial_patterns_Myneni.html This is NASA's video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOwHT8yS1XI
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
9/17ใThe Sahel (southern Sahara) is benefiting tremendously from rising CO2 levels. https://www.sealevel.info/Pearce2002_Africans_go_back_to_the_land_as_plants_reclaim_the_desert-New_Scientist.html @NewScientist reported the "remarkable environmental turnaround," including a โquite spectacular regeneration of vegetation,โ and "70% increase in yields of local cereals such as sorghum and millet in one province in recent years."
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
10/17ใIn 2009 @NatGeo reported, "Vast swaths of North Africa are getting noticeably lusher due to warming temperatures, new satellite images show, suggesting a possible boon for people living in the driest part of the continent." https://sealevel.info/Owen2009_Sahara_Desert_Greening-NatGeo30639457.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 11/17ใRising CO2 levels greatly improve global food security, by increasing crop yields, through "CO2 fertilization," and through improved water use efficiency and drought resilience. That's helping make famines rare for the first time in history. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=benefits#benefits
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 12/17ใThroughout human history, until the late 20th century, famine was a Damoclean sword hanging over mankind: the "Third Horseman of the Apocalypse." If you're too young to remember catastrophic drought-triggered famines, count yourself blessed. https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html?0=madrasfamine#famine
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 13/17ใTo put it in perspective: โ Covid-19 killed 0.1% of world population. โ 1918 flu killed about 2%. โ WWII killed 2.7%. โ The near-global drought and famine of 1876-78 killed about 3.7% of the world population. https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/31/23/jcli-d-18-0159.1.xml
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 14/17ใHere are some more papers documenting the major beneficial effects of CO2 emissions. https://sealevel.info/negative_social_cost_of_carbon.html
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 15/17ใThe CO2 Coalition has many great resources for learning the facts about CO2 and climate change: https://co2coalition.org/
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo 16/17ใMany top scientists are members of the CO2 Coalition, where they volunteer their time for free, in support of sound science.
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
17/17ใTo understand #ClimateChange (or any other politicized or contentious topic), you need balanced information. I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html This resource list has: โ accurate intro climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
@newscientist @NatGeo Compilation: https://twitter-thread.com/t/1717641317214204301 @ThreadReaderApp @Rattibha @threaddotblue unroll @reSeeIt save thread
@ncdave4life - โ๏ธ ๐บ๐ธ ๐บ๐ฆ Dave Burton
The claim that wind and solar energy are less expensive than electricity from dispatchable sources like fossil fuels is false. It's a product of either economic illiteracy or deliberate deception by the renewable energy marketers, because it confuses price with total cost. You've probably heard the old saying that there's nothing more expensive than a free puppy, except a free boat. Wind and solar energy are like that: it's not their price which makes them costly. The reason average wind and solar electricity prices are low is they tend to produce power when it is not needed. Power produced when it isn't needed fetches low prices. But it's the converse which is the big problem with wind and solar: they very often do not produce power when it is needed. That unreliability causes enormous spikes in electricity prices. During those price spikes most of the electricity being produced is generated by fossil fuels and nuclear plants. Wind and solar apologists pretend that means electricity from fossil fuels and nuclear plants is expensive. But the real reason for the high prices is replacement of reliable fossil fuel and nuclear plants with unreliable wind and solar. Exorbitant electricity prices are an inevitable cost of reliance on wind and solar for electricity. Fossil fuel and nuclear powered electricity generation is said to be "dispatchable," because their electricity production can be ramped up ("dispatched") to meet demand. Wind & solar output cannot be ramped up to meet demand, so increased reliance on wind and solar means increasingly unreliable electricity production. When demand increases and/or the wind dies, reliance on wind and solar causes enormous spikes in the price of electricity โ or, in extreme cases, even brownouts and blackouts. The inevitable consequences of increasing reliance on wind and solar "renewables" are rising electricity prices and worsening grid reliability โ and absolutely no environmental benefit. That's right: the punch line is that it's all for naught. The rationale for the immensely destructive transition to wind and solar is to "fight climate change." But that's a fool's errand, because the "climate crisis" is a marketing ploy. It's not real, it's just "FUD." The scientific evidence is compelling that manmade climate change is modest and benign, and CO2 emissions are highly beneficial, rather than harmful. Does that surprise you? If so, it means you're not getting balanced information. But I'm here to help: https://sealevel.info/learnmore.html That webpage has: โ accurate introductory climatology info โ in-depth science from BOTH skeptics & alarmists โ links to balanced debates between experts on BOTH sides โ info about climate impacts โ links to the best blogs on BOTH sides